‘CONSORTIUM OF Lr PERTAMINA Sumitomo Corporation & ‘GEOTHERMAL ENERGY MECHANICAL DATASHEET FOR STEAM SEP. TOR Document No : Rev No, Contract No UBL3&4-E-6-M2-DS-MS3-001R 6 798/PGE000/2014-$0 [See]? sea AS BUILT. PROJECT : ULUBELU UNIT 3&4 GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT EMPLOYER: PT PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY (PGE) LOCATION : ULUBELU, LAMPUNG ee Lh 6 Tssue for Construction 220972016 | TKIDA | EMF RBY 3 Tssue for Construction 19072016 | TKIDA | CMP RBY 4 Issue for Construction 05/05/2015 TK | EMF | ERS/YC 3 Re-issue For Review T6i03/2015 TK | EMPGG | ERSIVC 2 Re-ssue For Review 267012015 TK | EMFGG | ERSIVC T Re-issue For Review 23/11/2014 TK | EMPIGG | ERSYC 0 Tssue For Review Dono | EMF | GGIRBY | ERS/YC Rev Deseription Date Prepared | Checked | Approved Consortium of Sumitomo Corporation and PT REKAYASA INDUSTRIMECHANICAL DATASHEET FOR STEAM SEPARATOR Document No Rev No. Contract No UBL3&-4--6-M2-DS-MS3-001R 6 798/PGL000/2014-S0 REVISION HISTORICAL SHEET Revision Date Description 0 22-06-2014 | Tesue For Review 1 25-Nov-2014 Re-igsue For Review as per comment 158/PGE/UBL3&4-EPCC/2014.C 2 | 26-Jan-2015 Re-issue For Review as per comment 349/PGE/UBL3&4-EPCC2014-C 3 | 16-Mar-2015 | Reissue For Review as per comment 871/PGE/UBL3&4-EPCC/2015-C 4 | 05 May-2015 | tscue For Construction as per comment 1071/PGE/UBL3&4-EPCC/2015-T 5 19-Jul-2016 | Issue For Construction as per comment 1635/PGE/UBL3&4-EPCC/2015-C_ | 6 | 22-Sept-2016 | Issue For Construction as per comment 4398/PGE/UBL384-EPCC/2016-C Consortium of Sumitomo Corporation and PT. REKAYASA INDUSTRI= Shoot 30f 3 Ag? eon STEAM SEPARATOR is eens MECHANICAL DATA SHEET PROLECT TE VIBEWUONT St GEO TERNAL POWER PROEET me [era a ee Pe q Pa TIEN = VOL LOTAOT | UBL RIGATOOG UBLALAIOSATEOR = TEER = Son Spser hire Theo fe ssp "ioe —— eave own fren Sees nant ary eee erst 7 = FERTORTNE WS OPERATING BAT EETETE DT psc pe Ts fet fatima) am | rn 2gime Sm re i sot Sean raion ree __onser——_ooms ‘ifn ns paw acre fms 2238 gm {elec rae ‘ rat ‘ea er fess sme tated -r fc rei # 1m WEG safping eee ee a = an, rele hl wie) [Opron eg aa rm nr etre ase i, fe ea ae = ‘ala a Rc ame esata aera 2afecss range sas feces os a atin [sear esse parooe fie Sn Wem Or Rg US ST fig gs ag a ase este aa [as ‘ofvesa Suse [saaoere essence wes lamar ‘ofaenapas [seem te rs cchne [ssa a CN NT 3 a a he | 4 | 98 | aera WAFS te a ©: m | |e | ssveasesia lai cae a e330) as a ett oer | Oy [ne Pa ve ernst Bate Te al 3 ng Tee Paton and ania Yes | er +e fsiestig [ee Tas te Yer Fstingtage | er nin Spot Yes “ On sin Yer cyclone Webs ipo faving > Sole ast wh constany che Tenn) cae ss] Sepuatorshai be prove wit wat rm raga wth eparsta).ing sale care uth he econmendaion of Larle-Crabire's paper ‘The water crm shal bo sid fer 30 scene btncon NL. a Hl, an anther 30 scons tea Nand LL nor hal guaran tem alt a sto out nore and asin pressure dep, Te Siar coc shal be equal 8.38% grater fo. wins Spd anc Sisco hal foro Basic gineering Design Ota Oe No UBL. 1-EOPHESAAD-O'R) sv Sheldameter sabe ited to moun 2.87 (eto ian anspor ng 52k ter sora (requis fr eporaon nd maitrane) sab deg an provide y Vendor sf. Paform Handa an Ladle rqulred ler Operon iepecton, and isitares of Sparc stl coi and eupplos byVandor ofr. tera ung requester inspecton‘minteere) shal be deste an provided by Ver cof Pentre Spec. shale Ceaing Spciteeion (Doe Ne; UBL SkU-—-<-GDES-AAC-OTR) and Colour Schedule (Oot No: UBL SB4-E0-GDES AAD) tls. Thicke of Noss fem NPS 2106 sai be minum pe sehecle-150 G=f he hyrostte Test Sab contd sper UG-9o ASME BPVC VD 3 tales Test nspacion eal flo Shop spacton ITP BOP & SAGS - Doe No VBLIE4.0-00-TR.ADD.ONR tf verter srskor shale provide ti ott pr Vendors Din teal of ore rat shal be ssc by Vodor J inimom Onsign Metal Temperature eg ©ATTACHMENTa a PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CONSORTIUM OF Sumitomo Corporation 4% SV AO retzusss tlt PT. PERKASA HEAVYNDO ENGINEERING Planst & Process £qulpinent Division & PERKASA PROCESS CALCULATION, Document No | RevNo Contract No UBL384-E-G-M2-CS-MS3-001-R | 2 PT SURYA MANIKAM UBL3&4-E-2-M2-PO-CA4-005-R, ULUBELU UNIT 3&4 GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT PROJECT EMPLOYER: PT PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL FNERGY (PGE) LOCATION : ULUBELU, LAMPUNG 2 | Ressued For Approval | 0S Juni 2015 | RZL RKH HYN 1 | Issued For Approval 27 April 2015 | RZL RKH HYN 0 | Issued For Review (08 April 2015 | RZL RKH HYN Rev Description Date Prepared | Checked | ApprovedREVISION HISTORICAL SHEET Revision Date Description 0 OB Api 2013 | Tssued For Review T DT April 2015 | Tssued For Approval z 05 Juni 2015 | Re-Issued For Approval Page 2 of 20PEERLESS wanerinn = Fete [ett Fen. ‘oteexaToonuatnaeto0/ Une AKATEOS 15 Onmingtempatre = Ts * Youmeesowsaton SPE Wn = Sas mae 6 i 2 inlet este a= iuomantonten Txt oon = esaOPEERLESSannne = dis A eases ames a/c ase 2 waste acta pape singin ain el Paarl a Poe) “EFF oa at eee Az ane pak pale came 5 Metin Voie Ctsnonee Frowne. ; Gnseir/vssecsony/ viossAa «Sena Obeid Tekertchicmstin eatonincrctneh otccsmcteonerantceningcndtontteettind 9 | ‘Teint ut ty maternal anne ni prin a yan a el ‘evecuters ani thenrorlemtheneaute neve ete pte vate Thereseshadbe ee eet ateset &a —pa——7 z Brecusss eee FP ee — ae | Sat See Somalis aossane ci, oasis a Basie) *® sypartess Sam velco} ns ‘Mindanao pr ftp Th Sti syed sapatesiensm ny = nem Spateigiaety = am sro Fae 647 a cts tam oy CCentitugal Etcioncy GesaT+273.2"03 08 p 276 to 4878 vor 87416 ms oa 11983 3 von v0.80 ma ima 0.508 5 Ke 272 e e074ASPEERLESS cormtere ne [3 [oa ee |e ede [ae 7 [nt] att [tee et vee Fran, eset vLencarex/ vLNBOATO 7 celtics ‘Som Sr Theater pure rp hse nse pert en oe 8 EN Tete tn tain enone es phe Sean Sen ee eerm rare] ba [ae . aa Uioueyerony/Usnecaror/ vtose34703 © befntant soil -seseeriaaie ites) Can zee en ame dened eqaton (0 seers si aasinc — amon) auen0) =r fete) santo) ns utr) oon, eunoni8) = ue. aon 0) vole ae m3 usr) He) "hevrile swe seperdert on tee fio ow pn sedge Tol in Pe) eunon 25) eur) anon)DPEERLESS semen ue[ATTACHMENT This document may contain copyrighted materials. 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This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright lawDesign Approach of Steam-Water Separators and Sicam Dryers For Geothermal Applications HUGO by ZALDE-CRABTREE Research Engineer Institute De Investigaciones Elecricas Divison Etudios De Ingeniens Dante 36-7 1580, Meco, OF ABSTRACT [An approuch is given for designing steum-n ater rators and steam dryers for geothermal applications. The theory, design parameters and recommendations ‘iscussed here, enables the design engineer to calculate the size of the equipment and to estimate its performance Under several operating conditions. An illustrative ‘example 6 alio presented ‘Since 1953, when the 26 MW plant of Wairakei New Zealand was designed, the steam-water separator has evolved due to modifications (Smith and Hoc, 1958 and Bangma, 1961) that have been integrated as result of operation experience and the need for improving the dryness of the separated steam to protect steam lines. equipment, turbine, ete ‘The experience acquired in many liguid-dominated geothermal fields (New Zealand, Mexico. El Salvador) thas demonstrated that the Webre-type cyclone separator INTRODUCTION ‘The steam-water separator (inlet mixture quality < 95 percent) and the steam dryer (inlet mixture quality > 95 percent) are equipment of major importance during the development, exploitation and electric generation of “liquid dominated” geothermal field, Generally speak ing, a well delivers at the wellhead a water-stearn mixture which normally falls in the [5 to 35 percent dryness fraction range which is separated in a separator The saturated steam obtained at each well i piped to the main steam line which reaches a dryer where the moisture of the steam is removed in order to avoid scaling and cor- rosion at the turbine. The water can be rejected oF flashed to provide vapor. which upon expansion yields addi- tional power. This may be done several times ateach well or ina flash plant: but sn any case, there will be several steam-water Separators and two or three steam dryers, ‘The dryer also removes the condensate formed along the steamm-line length and acts as a safety element for the turbine in the case of failure of the system sepacator-ball float valve eorhexmal Resouces Cound BULLETIN Seprember 84 is the best for geotliermal applications (Smith und Hoe. 1958 and Bangma, 1961). For removing tvisture, several pes of diyers (horizontal, chevron-type, ete.) are operating at different geothermal power plants. Unit 5 of Cerro Prieto {has 3 Webre-type steam dryers. The operating results have been so good that they allow for the next dryers (Cerro Prieta I. IIL 4 x 110 MW) to accept the same design Figure | shows a schematic diagram of triple-flash plant where the rale of the separation equipment can be appreciated DESIGN When selecting a separator or a dryer, there are several design parameters that should be taken into account. They are, among others: ‘© Steam quality of the separated steam Steam pressure drop ‘© Facility of operation and cleaning © Space requirements (dryers) # Cost4 Figure 1 ‘This paper deals only with Webre-type separators and dryers because: ‘© hey are extremely simple (no moving parts that ‘can be corroded or eroded). Inthe Webre evelone, the steam first moves to the top and then changes direction through 180° to go down and out the bottom outlet, Since both the steam and the water outlets are at the bottom of the cyclone, piping layouts are very simple © Their simplicity of operation has been proved in ‘many liquid-dominated geothermal ties. © This type of separator and dryer is very easy to clean. This isa fundamental item because the Beo- thermal brine contains silica, among other chemi- cals, whieh is mainly responsible for scaling. Its recommended to schedule at least one general maintenance per year for well-hesd separators © The outlet steams quality and the efficiency are very high. The reported outlet steam quality (dry- ness) has an average of 99.95 pervent (McDowell 1976) at Wairakei field, New Zealand: and higher than 99 99 percent at Cerro Prieto, Mexico The performance of eyelones is governed by two types of variables, 4) Operating variables, relating to propert > FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TAIPLE-FLASH PLANT. Wellwad Valves Tree \Weihead Siencer lasing Onlices Ball Float Valve [Check Valve} Steam leaders Turbines Condenser Cooiing Tower Steam Siercers Primary Separator Secondary Separator Tertiary Separetor Panty Dryer Secondary Dryer Teniary Dryer Fates aand states of the phases. Generally speaking, the pressure (and temperature) of the separator is, fixed by the inlet pressure of the turbine: there- fore, the farther the well is from it, the greater the separation pressure. The mixture can be con- sidered inside the separator at equilibrium, then all properties (pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, ets.) are fixed. Each well hasa different pressure-flow curve; consequently, each well has different flow of mixture (for the same operating pressure) with a different inlet steam-water mass ratio. Desiga variables, relating to type and dimensions of eyelones, In @ geothermal field, one can find wells with great production of mixture having 3 very high steam-water mass ratio and small pro duction with low steam water mass ratio; there fore the designer should stand up to the problem of standardizing the size of the well head separa or or desizning two or three different sizes From the design, performance and cost points of view, we recommend to have two or three sizes, assuming that the maintenance cost is kept low The outlet steam quality and the pressure drop are the main criteria for designing separatorsand dryers, and there are very few papersin the itera~ ture concerning their design, Since 1961, the base for designing geothermal separators has been the method given by Bangma (1961); however, this method is an empirical one which has no way 10 predict the outlet steam quality that will produce 4 particular separator under different conditions Pollak and Work (1942) suggest an equation for the prediction of liguid entrainment in Webre ype separators, but ithis been of ite utility due to the lack of reliability. team be said that theres ‘no method that can be used fordesigning separa- sion equipment which is also capable af predict ing its behavior under several operating conditions, Geter Resouces Council BLALETIN September 154Theory us this part of the paper we will discuss the theory of separation for steam-water suixtures in a Webre-type cyclone regardless of the application separator or dryen There ate two different tetiuy that, in spite of thls, ate very often taken indistinctly The efficiency of separation (el), defined as the mass ratio of separated liquid to inlet liquid. ‘© The outlet steam quality (yg), defined as the mass ratio of outlet steam to outlet steam-water. Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of the separ stage, By definition a w Substituting equation (1) into equation (2), outlet steam quality is related to efficiency by Se ee eet a ee 7 Hy i) If yp = 0 then x, fe the inlee stean ef quality ALD IE gg ed then Kye Nye = 2 (this ds the only case where x, = "op Figure 3 (IEE. 1980) and Table | (Bangma. 1961), show that the outlet steam quahity 1s low when the inlet steam velocity and the upward steam velocity (anmular steam velocity inside of the separator) are low. When Doth steaun velocities increase, the outlet steam quality oes up to a point (breakdown point) where the outlet steam quality breaks down drastically. For modeling, itis assumed that there are two independent phenomena with influence on the efficiency of separation as follows: Mes "a Ta a ny” Centrifugal of ficiency 1, = Entrainment efficiency ceoermal Rewurces Counc BULLETIN September 1964 ‘The centrifugal efficiency increases when the inlet steam velocity goes up (7m — Las Vr ~ =), and the entrainment efficiency goes up when the upward annular steam velocity goes down (774 ~ 1 as VAN ~ 0), CENTRIFUGAL EFFICIENCY (im) Using the same approach of Leith and Licht (1972), the centrifugal efficiency is given by equation (5) 1 ee ny = a.e6es pot 6 any a3 \ 03 m T+ 7.2 2 oe fx font) s oH aye _ ws) ‘The parameter Wis a centrifugal inertial impacta- tion parameter, retlecting operating conditions within the eyclone. Equation (8) shows that wis very sensitive 0 oy, therefore, reliable estimates of oy are necessary’ to obtain accurate results for w. The estimation of, willbe discussed later. Figure 4 shows the nomenclature used throughout this article and it should be pointed out that this aormen lature is the same for the separator or dryer—with the difference that the separator bay spirial inlet with 2 change in cross-section from cylindrical to rectangular shape at the entiauce when the dryer has. tangential inlet with constant eross-area. The dryer has no water outlet nozzle (only @ drain), being tangential-type for the separator, oe eae (20) ragesSEPARATION PRESSURE (Pe 485) wee (seranaton) INLET MASS rue wocrune| Cae) separator |INLET STEAM Diameter | veLociTY (m) (me 1 lourter steam QUALITY 1 REFERENCE ewan we [wainanes | stoatton | new zeacenor] reso 99.900] angina, 461 SECUNDARY jeaoeane PARRTOR ze = (area) 99-925 | seat soda, 19/6 y=30, PRIMARY 7 as3 SEPARATOR | | Laalde ae, Ar and others. 1 T sea) | | us TeRciARY 367 238 SEPARATOR 99.997 le RO PRIETO) SECONDARY 377 ast Tenciany | 448 245 SEPARATOR | | cena PALeTO (MEXICO? IL 99.986 a | TABLE 1. Outlet steam quality (%) against inlet steam velocity (m/s) for severe! Webre separators at diferent geothermal tet. The parameter C is acyelone design number, reflect ing the physical shape of the cyelone. Agt hg By (ecperater) (14) 2 (Dg) age teryer) any 4 2 us noe SE aay ‘ui tual? oy 7 v0, ai” ye as wg = % (ot-o2h 0 as) 49, 1 eee as) oa” Te v0, ¥ vo, + Vo, ~ VO an zp? 18) vo,= 22a as) Assuming ASME flanged and dished head vo, = 0.081 0? cas) npr vo, = 72 (a+ 0.269 5) (20) rage it Drop Diameter (és) ‘The parameter gis given by equation (8) where the drop diameter (dy) and the tangential velocity of drop ut cyclone wall (u) ate the most important parameters. Por simplicity. it is assumed that w ean be taken satistetorily Geom Resources Counc BUALETIN Septenber 198as equal 1 the average velocity of steam at the entranoe: but for the estimation of ¢y,there is not a simple solution The diameter dy should be taken as the effective average drop diameter inside the evetone. I as well known thut the etfeteney of a eyclone 1s reduced when the drop diameter decreases: therefore, cne should understand the causes and seasons for an crease or a reduction of the drop diameter. We believe thatthe drop size inside the eyelone is governed by the drop dia- meter in the pipe upstream of the eyclone. The latter is determined by the balance between the inertia and the surface forces. as well as by the equilibrium between drops leaving and atviving at the wall, the pressure drop. and the type of two-phase How pattern, pipe line con figuration, etc. Among the numerous correlations con- sulted (Delale, 1980; Hinze, 1985; Azzopardh and others. 1980; Nukiyami and Tanasawa, 1938), we tested several of them obtaining unfavorable results. The Nukiysama- Fanasawa equation (Nukiyar and Lanasawa, 1958) ives the trend of results—probably due to the faet that the mechanism of breakup of venturi throats are similar to the mechanism of breakup of a vapor-liquid-system in a pipe. Taking this equation as the basic relation for drop-size evaluation, we proceed to modily it by adding different terms in the following way: Taking from the data bank, obtained from actual well-head Separators, the data with 100 percent or 99.99 percent outlet steam quality (A= 1) and the equations (3) 10 (20) knowing everything except uy we got equation (21). aE «bel (8s ay Where: ys vy 2 woe 66.2808 as97. 49 o.zesu 0.5507 ory ‘The variables a.¢, B are dependent on the type of two-phase flow patiern according to Baker’ method (Lawrence, 1952) and ace given in Table 2. Eguation (21) isnot a general equation and itis not dimensionally con sistent, therefore, it should he used with the following dimensions: pin gem. Vy in ms,0, in dye! cm, in poises and Qy and Qys, in m/s, resulting dw ia rrierons. All variables should be evaluated at separators pressure ENTRAINMENT EFFICIENCY The centrifugal efficiency term. by tell, was nat able co predict tae outlet steam quslity due to the fact that ‘iq always increases as u(or V7) increases: however. iis flown that ata given point, the entrinment goes up rascals wih gh velesis, The term whch takes ths into account is the entrainment tfiieney (7). arrived at from cata reduction and given as equation (23). Ceuserrl Resoutes Count ULETIN Saparber 1984 e . 34 gy 23.9202 (24) y= n3a08 oy way 4 —ievs (25) oe met eo The method given here was developed with a data bank taken {vom well-head separators (D= L4m,4.51t,) ‘ut Cerro Prieto geothermal field. The method has beet tested against dats experimentally obtained in secondary and tereiary Webre separators of 2.1 m(T ft.) and dryers ‘of 2.6 m (8. ft.) with very good results. "The absolute dif ference between the outlet steam quality experimentally measured and the one predicted by this madel averages 0.005 percent, It should be noted that this method has not been tested exhaustively: therefore, it should be taken only as 2 good procedure belore itis compared with new data Design Parameters GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS For separators, the inletshould be ofthe rectangular spiral-type. and the floor ofthe spiralshould have slight fall (say 4°) just as it enters the eyclone to encourage the water 10 flow downwards more rapidly (Bangma. 1961). For dryers, the inlet should be of the circular tangential- type because pressure drop is reduced with this arrange- TABLE 2 Yannis 2, B10 be use9 win equation 12) The steam outlet pipe should be as large as possible even inside of the top head of the equipment. The only limitation is that the area between the end of this pipe (ip) and the wall ofthe top head should be at least equal to the cross-aren to this pipe. We recommend 1.25 tines the cross-area, This is a common practice in Mexico (developed by the stall of Cerra Prieta) which has given exceptional results because the residence ume is increased and the possibilty of water going directly othe steam outlet pipe (short circuit) isdiminished. Aside from this. the chances of water running upward along the steam-outlet pipe and contaminating the steam atthe rim are reduced. The diameter af this pipe (De) should be ‘equal to the inlet mixture pipe diameter (Dy)‘The outlet water pipe diameter (Dib) should beequal the inlet misture pipe diameter (Dy) The sepuirator should consider @ water drum which can be either integrated or not. This drum acts as a volume to give smooth operation and asa water seal to avoid steam losses. PARAMETERS ‘The recommended design parameters for seo thersial separators aud! dryers ute given in Table 3 Pressure Drop ‘The gas pressure drop can be expresses as (Lawrence, 1952; Ludwig; Koch and Licht, 1977: Shepherd and Lapple, 1959) je = thw ® Pe en wa (separator) (28) it (erver) (ary Bangma shows that the total gas pressure drop is sven oy ap = SP, + AP, ea where AP isthe gas pressure drop beticen the separator inlet and the separator body. and AP: between the sep rator body and the separator steam outlet ary 4p, Gri = 0.6 et Ot (30) CONCLUSIONS a) From equation (3), one ean say that lor any given eyelone pressure, the drier the inlet mixture the sreater the amount of steam flow theeyetone will hhandle, other things being equal b) The inlet swam velocity is a very important factor. At low velocities the outlet steam quality is bad! and the equipment is big. Inereasiny the \elocuy, the outlet steam quulity inereases and pessure diop goes up, but the sizeof piping aud equipment are reduced. Breakdown occurs at high input velocities and becomes worse as the velocity 1s increased, The annular upward velocity inside the eyclone is alo very important. At low velocities the entrain- ment ig low and at high values the entrainment ‘can be excessive, The method is based on the steam phase; there- fore the dimension” A" nase effect on the outlet, steam quality, but itis known that this dimension has influence on the performance of the cyclone. This isa disadvantage of this method that should be corrected with experimentation. The recom- mended valve tor B is based on experience (Bangma, 1961), ©) Although the method outlined here e be dure, certainly nproved,at this time it isa good design proce ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE A geothermal secondary separator should be designed to zive an outlet stear quality of 99.95 percent for the following conditions: ‘¢ Mixture Enthalpy = 813.3 kJ ‘© Separation Pressure = 547.7 kPa © Mistuce Flux = 190346.4 © Maxsiuuu Pressure Diop © Integral Water Drum 2) Preliminary Calculations With the separation pressure and steam ables we find + Separation 19° ‘© Steam Enthalpy = 2751.5 kJ) ke # Water Enthalpy = 6548 KI kg * Specific volume of steam = 0.3586 m! ke 1 Specitie volume of water = 0.0011 mg With the sepacation temperance Steam viscosity = 14.67 10" hy ms # Liquid viscosity ~ 1.736 (10° kg’ ms ‘© Surface tension = 0.0887 Nim temperature (saturation) © Inet mixture quality i — Mis roars Geothermal Resources Counc BULLETIN September 184x= 2122 65 251.5 ~ 654.9 0.0756 casusts, ) tW.0/95) (W886) ‘3500 Og 164038 2/5 yy GK Wen! Ope ee 3600 fg, = £290346.4) (20.0756 (0.0011) = 600 G+ 0:0898 m/s by) Design Inlet area and diameter of net pipe 9, ae 8 a Assuming an inlet steam velocity of 35 m/s (115 tps) = £4334. 9,061 n? as S434. ove wf aa oye [ta] = ont {he next standard dtameter is 0.254 m (10°. seh 40) therefore D, = 0.284 m (10" sch 40), V, = 28.27 mis From Table 3 D = 23D = 0.8m Re. DL + 0.254m Bee ot Dp = 0.284 m a 270.15 d= -0.08 m = SD = 0.89 = 53D. = 140m inlet with a eross-area us 22.22 m/s ‘ceotheral Resouces Counc BUALETINSeteniber 164 © Integral water deum In is a common practice to take the same dia- meter of the separator with a length equal to two Typ = 0676 m ©) Centrifugal Efficieney = 0.06689 (0.44)°14 0.6823 x20 Jf r= ns [wae ae nose wo= Z (o.r086 ~ 0.0685) cus) 05 = 0.7089 =? ey oss wo, = 29581" 0.08 Wo, = -0.022 a? vo, = 0.01 0? = 0.048 a? 2 vo, = ZEE [-o.04 + 0.269 (0.88] WO, = 0.006 n? 2 WaT OL THE My y= 0.02 Or bat Gin + 0.0n re = tas Saal f= 049+ 0.01472 = 088 fr Os = 5) (2.4336) 2 (84)¢ Drop particle Flow pattern (Baker's method) (Lawrence, 1952) 16.5 samt b= 16. ay = am Iheretore the two-phase flow pattern is “dis persed.” Using Table 2 and equation 2 (es A= 66.2098 ve 8 28.27 7s as 31.9298, = 46.7025 eynes/en x 2357,3460 PL 0.8117 S/en? 0.063, = 1.796 (207M patan b= 0.2250 O, = 0.0538 ye © = 0.5507 Qs = 164336 ™s 0.2188 116 nicrons Parameters u 2, Lemna ary (oon.t) are = 10°)? (acta (22.221 (ae 066?» 10) (0.28) eer tat ice [2 evan 99.9973 (10 ) Entrainment Efficiency age 33a (107M yy) 13.9241 sie uo ey a= -r2ws (a0 ® = 10! nyt ny, = 99.9998 ( 104) ©) Elficieney eet My My ae let 98-9972. (40 1) Ouilet steam quality Wy = Wy» ¥,73600 iy = 14N146.4 (00756) 3600 Wy > 3.9973 ks/s We Hy (= x1 /3600 7 190346.4 (0.9248) /3600 42.9767 kg/s WA, Tt A, wi e078 sn eae 0.00178 o.oei7 + 2.8 10" > 99.9665 8) Pressure Drop mie a6 Mis a6 av ap = 426)22.22)2(2. 7286) Perea eee eee ape key Since X, is higher than 99.95 percent and AP lower than 68 kPa. the designed separator can achieve the task ACKNOWL FDGEMENTS ‘The author is grateful 10 Mr Eduardo Buendia for helpful suggestions on computer programming and durin development wt the paper. Ceoeemal Routes Counc BULLETIN September 184REFERENCES Aiwa. KM. Soda, 1976 tdsanced Desi in Matcabar Gee ‘hera! Poser Staton UN. Sympovut the Develops Uiton of Ocala stal Rescues, Vol opp ise San Beane Avzopai, BG. Freeman, DJ King. 1980, Drop Sit ond posi ‘tom ni Paw Plas Fhow ALK: Harowel Ostonshie Sangra. F NOL te Leveleprent and Peformance of Steam ater Sparanicfor Cscumn Geothrnel Barts U.N Syrmpaivmn the Devclapment and Ulan of Geothermal Resouety, Val Rome 186 Detas, CF. 1980 Lower Rouen Bstimate for Droplet Sic in Pico Pe Dapere! Plow aans, ASME: 3, Het Fra Vo. 12. pp. sai 1980 bral Report HE HE G24 pp 207, June 10 Hinze 4.0. 1888. Findon of ar Hrodsnamie Mashanis of “Splting in Dispersnn Prveses: AICHE 3 Wal | NO. 2p. 95, Koch, WAL, W. Lit 1977, New Bevin Approweh Bott Crone ‘sone: Chan. Bag. No. 21977 Laviense, EA. 982. Freaure Lowy 9 Ceninfsal Kian Separators ander Favcaon Cher. Eng. Prog. Vol $8. Ni. 5s. att, 953 Lara. Hand otters IR. epee dela prarbasun edhe tt ‘Plana cle Evepracin ee Ula $e Cro Pris ME, 3088- ELCHID, 1982 Let, DW. Lat, 1972, The Colston Eien of Crckane Tie ‘Parris Cllecors A New Teuteteal Appromh, AICHE Syrps Seri. V8 No. 12h, pp 19606, 197 Ladwing. EE, Applied Process Design fon Chemical and Petros ‘naa! Pane. Wal. 4, Chap. 4, Gul Publahing Ca Houston, 18 McDowell 6.D, 1976, Srubhing of Chlorides ia Cariouee Water ‘rors Geothermal Well Soparnory. UN. Syinpeium the Development and Uiztion of Geothermal Resour, Vol. Pp Nokiyana, S.,¥. Tanta, 138, Truna Se, Mech Cabins Vo 4 Noob 9p Be apn 1K lak, A LT. Work, 198, Te Separation of Lian fam Vague {sing Crcones. Trans. ASME, pp 3t Jat. 183 ‘Shepherd, C8. CE, Lippe, 1939, low: astern end Presere Drop in helene Costs Tt Eas. Chea, Vol snp, #12 988, 18, Sikh, GMb YG Hoe, 1988. Separator for Geoheroa Bares, The Web Cyclone, Report CE. 19% DL. 1 8, Minty of Works New Zealand. 1888 NOMENCLATURE A, = inlet area at cyclone all, n? Ay = inlet wath, B, © inlet height, = Bx = Baker's parameter (Ref. 12), dinensieniess By = Baker's parameter (Ref. 13 , sinensioniess © = parameter defined by equation (10), Ginensionless D = ékancter of cyclone, m Uy, = water outlet pipe diameter, m cerherma! Rewurces Cour ALLLETIN September 18 Steam outlet pipe aianeter, m inlet pipe diameter, m arop diancter, m Bixture enthalpy, water enthalpy, ki/ka steam enthalpy, kI/kg Paraneter defined by equation (24), Ginensionless parameter defined by equatic Ainensioutess aa, length of the integral water drum, m free vortex law coefficient, Simensionless Paranotor defined by equation (6), Ainensionless voluneteic vater low , m/s voluneteic stean flow, 3/5 temperature, °C maximun additional tine of steam in cyclone, = average mininun residence tine of steam in cyclone,Pane 0 residence tine, 3 inlet tangencial velocity of azop at eyctone wall, m/s upeard annular stean velocity, n/# specific voluw of water, m/s specific value of steam, m/e volume defined by equation (17), m volume defined by equation (15), m? volune defines by equation (14), m volume defined by equation (19), m? volune defined by equation (201, m? nase flux of entrainment, kg/s mace flux of water, ke/s mass flux of inlet mixtuze, kg/s race flux of steam, kg/2 inlet mixture quality, éinensionlos# outlet stean quality, einensioniess define by Fig. 4, a Greek Letters define by Fig. 4, 9 detine by Fig 4m entrainnent efficiency, dimensionless ettictency of separation, Ainenetonless contritugal efficiency, einensionless water viscosity, kg/m stean viscosity, kg/m steam density, ky/a? water density, kg/m? surface tension, N/m parameter uetinea by equation (2), Sinensionless Pressure drop, w/a?