SPRITUAL ASPECT OF SELF

-humans come from God

-purpose of existence is to love
-follow the example of Jesus Christ
THE PRACTICE OF RELIGION
-atheist: god is irrelevant; god does not exist
-supreme being is omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), omnipresent
(everywhere at one)
-religion: rituals made to coordinate w/ the goal of obtaining/hindering changes in
human condition and nature's state; justified by myths
THE CONCEPT OF SOUL
-monism: there is only one substance & only one being
-dualism: mind & body are two independent substances
-soul: superior to the body; exist independently w/o body; invisible & immortal;
death is viewed as the release of the soul
-kaluluwa: two existences (1) soul is connected to the human body and its life (2)
spiritual, exists in its own
DUNGAN: THE BISAYAN CONCEPT OF SOUL
-ilonggo term for the soul
-grows proportionately w/ the body
-usug: headache, nausea, stomachache, etc.
-cannot be seen by the naked eye
-there are times that it separtes from the body and appears in form of butterfly,
or other small animals
-"willpower"
-a strong dungan has intellectual & psychological capacity to control & influence a
person's way of thinking
RELIGIOUS RITUALS
-rituals: patterns of behavior/practices that are related to sacred; "sacraments"
-rites of passage: rituals that mark important stages in an individuals life cycle;
3 stages, (1) separation: ritual removal from everyday society, (2) transition:
period of isolation, (3) incorporation: formal return and remission
-magic and witchcraft
*magic: supernatural forces works
*2 forms--(1) sorcery: uses of materials to invoke supernatural malevolence, (2)
witchcraft: same ills by means of thoughts & emotion alone
*barang: revenge for wrongdoing to someone *victims of sorcery
*(1) natabang: stomachache
*(2) nabarang: painful and deadly experience
*kulam: uses dolls, candles, prayers during ritual; "manggagaway/mangkukulam"
*nagaway/nakulam: victim of witchcraft
To Camus, meaning or purpose of life does not exist
Essence vs Existence
-Plato & Aristotle, all have core elements and w/o those, things woould not be what
they are; all entities bave substance/matter and form
-essence: elements
-Jean Paul Sarte, "existence precedes essence"
-theistic existentialism: invalidate concept that god created the entire universe,
but god's existence is possible but not predetermine the meaning of life/existence
of his creations
MAN'S SEARCH FOR MEANING
-lagotheraphy: motivational force to find meaning in life