[REF1] Research on modeling methods of relay protection system

Jingjing Zhang , Ming Ding, Xianjun Qi

2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 25-28 March 2011, Wuhan,
China

Ref1 shows three main methods used to assess the reliability in relay protection systems: Fault
Tree Analysis (FTA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA) and Markov method. The methods are applied
in the context of digital power relays, that contains new characteristics like “self-healing” or
“self-checking". In the state space representation are considered 8 possible states that considers
the self-checking status as part of the digital relay status. The logical reliability structure
represented by the Fault Tree is based on possible failure events and considers two possible
scenarios: relay mal-operation and relay non-operation. The Event Tree method allows to
analyze probable cascading events. Results obtained using the three methods are quite similar.

[REF 2] An Extended Markov Model to Determine the Reliability of Protective System”

H. Seyedi ; M. Fotuhi ; M. Sanaye-Pasand
2006 IEEE Power India Conference 10-12 April 2006
Ref 2 – shows a states diagram composed by15 possible states. The paper concludes that the
impact of monitoring and self-healing is transcendental because helps to increase the time
between reparations.

[REF 3]: Reliability Assessment of the Digital Relay Protection System Michael Uspensky,
RT&A, No 3 (54) Volume 14, September 2019

Ref 3- shows a quantitative reliability assessment in digital relay base power systems
protection.