TEC-0870R02 - Curb Calculation Package Final PDF

Deira Mall –
Retractable Roof
Skylight
Curb Structure Calculation
Report
02 Revised January 17, 2020 K. Bassan A. Crosby

01 Final Issue Nov. 29, 2019 K. Bassan A. Crosby
00 First Issue February 06, 2019 K. Bassan A. Crosby
REVISION SUBJECT DATE REPORT BY CHECKED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. PROJECT SCOPE ...........................................................................................................4
2. ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Model Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Members ......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Loading Application ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Load Case Summary ................................................................................................................ 10
2.3.2 Dead Load (D) application ........................................................................................................ 11
2.3.3 Wind Load (W) application ........................................................................................................ 12
2.3.4 Live Load (L) application ........................................................................................................... 13
2.3.5 Thermal Load (T) application .................................................................................................... 14
2.3.6 Skylight Reactions by Load Case ............................................................................................. 15
2.4 Load Combinations ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Governing Conditions .................................................................................................................... 18
2.6 Cross-Section Type Classification ................................................................................................ 18
2.6.1 Truss Top Chord (Built-Up Beam)............................................................................................. 18
2.6.2 Truss Bottom Chord (W310x226) ............................................................................................. 19
2.6.3 Truss Web Verticals and Diagonals (W310x158) ..................................................................... 19
2.6.4 Truss Horizontal Brace (W360x196) ......................................................................................... 20
2.6.5 Truss Interior Brace (W200x46) ................................................................................................ 20
2.6.6 Single Beam: Rail Support Beam (Built-Up Beam) ................................................................... 21
2.6.7 Single Beam Horizontal Brace (W360x162) ............................................................................. 21
2.6.8 Typical Horizontal Diagonal (HSS 254x152x13) ....................................................................... 22
2.6.9 Typical End Lateral Brace (HSS 254x254x16) ......................................................................... 22
2.6.10 Typical Walkway Outriggers (W360x79) ............................................................................... 23
2.6.11 Typical Walkway Edge Support Member (HSS 203x102x9.5) ............................................. 23
2.6.12 Typical Support Post (Built-Up Beam) .................................................................................. 23
2.7 Strength ......................................................................................................................................... 29
2.7.1 Truss Top Chord ....................................................................................................................... 29
2.7.2 Truss Bottom Chord .................................................................................................................. 32
2.7.3 Truss Web Verticals and Diagonals .......................................................................................... 33
2.7.4 Truss Horizontal Brace .............................................................................................................. 34
2.7.5 Truss Interior Brace ................................................................................................................... 35
2.7.6 Single Beam Rail Support ......................................................................................................... 36
2.7.7 Single Beam Horizontal Brace .................................................................................................. 39
2.7.8 Typical Horizontal Diagonal (HSS 254x152x13) ....................................................................... 40
2.7.9 Typical End Lateral Brace ......................................................................................................... 41
2.7.10 Typical Walkway Outrigger ................................................................................................... 43
2.7.11 Typical Walkway Edge Support Member .............................................................................. 44
2.7.12 Typical Support Post ............................................................................................................. 45
2.8 Buckling ......................................................................................................................................... 47
2.9 Serviceability ................................................................................................................................. 48
2.9.1 Dead Load Deflection ................................................................................................................ 49
2.9.2 Live Load Deflection .................................................................................................................. 52
2.9.3 Dead + Live Load Deflection ..................................................................................................... 54
2.9.4 Wind Load Deflection ................................................................................................................ 57
2.9.5 ULS Maximum Rotations .......................................................................................................... 59
Appendix A ...............................................................................................................................63
AISC 360-10 Table B4.1a.......................................................................................................................... 64
AISC 360-10 Table B4.1b.......................................................................................................................... 65
Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Curb Structure Calculation Report – R02 January 17, 2020
Page 2 of 65
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Partial layout – single beam portion of curb* ................................................................................... 5
Figure 2: Partial layout – truss portion of curb ................................................................................................ 6
Figure 3: Sample single beam segment overall geometry from analytical model .......................................... 6
Figure 4: Sample truss segment overall geometry from analytical model ...................................................... 7
Figure 5: Sample Dead Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration ............................... 11
Figure 6: Sample Dead Load application at single beam area in open configuration .................................. 12
Figure 7: Sample Wind Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration ............................... 13
Figure 8: Sample Wind Load application at single beam area in open configuration ................................... 13
Figure 9: Sample Live Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration ................................. 14
Figure 10: Sample Live Load application at single beam area in open configuration .................................. 14
Figure 11: West Panel Reaction Forces ....................................................................................................... 15
Figure 12: East Panel Reaction Forces ........................................................................................................ 16
Figure 13: Load Combinations for analysis ................................................................................................... 17
Figure 14: Critical Load Factors for Closed Configuration Loading .............................................................. 47
Figure 15: Critical Load Factors for Open Configuration Loading ................................................................ 48
Figure 16: Curb Truss Dead Load Deflections (isometric view) ................................................................... 49
Figure 17: Curb Truss Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view) ............................................................... 49
Figure 18: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (isometric view – stacked configuration) ............................. 50
Figure 19: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view – stacked configuration) ......................... 50
Figure 20: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (isometric view – closed configuration) ............................... 51
Figure 21: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view – closed configuration) ........................... 51
Figure 22: Curb Truss Live Load Deflections (isometric view) ..................................................................... 52
Figure 23: Curb Truss Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view).................................................................. 53
Figure 24: Curb Beam Live Load Deflections (isometric view) ..................................................................... 53
Figure 25: Curb Beam Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view) ................................................................. 54
Figure 26: Curb Truss Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view)......................................................... 54
Figure 27: Curb Truss Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view) ..................................................... 55
Figure 28: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view – stacked configuration) .................. 55
Figure 29: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view – stacked configuration) .............. 56
Figure 30: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view – closed configuration) .................... 56
Figure 31: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view – closed configuration) ................ 57
Figure 32: Curb Truss Wind Load Deflections (isometric view) .................................................................... 57
Figure 33: Curb Truss Wind Load Deflections (longitudinal view) ................................................................ 58
Figure 34: Curb Beam Wind Load Deflections (isometric view) ................................................................... 58
Figure 35: Curb Beam Wind Load Deflections (longitudinal view) ............................................................... 59
Figure 36: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, x .......................................................................... 59
Figure 37: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, y .......................................................................... 60
Figure 38: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, z .......................................................................... 60
Figure 39: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, x .......................................................................... 61
Figure 40: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, y .......................................................................... 61
Figure 41: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, z .......................................................................... 62
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Member terminology ......................................................................................................................... 7
Table 2: Load Case Legend .......................................................................................................................... 10
Table 3: Cross-section classification ............................................................................................................. 25

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1. PROJECT SCOPE
The scope of this design package includes the calculations for the design of the structural members
pertaining to the Central Avenue Skylight’s support structure (“curb”). The curb will be comprised of
steel trusses or built-up steel beams, which will sit on top of concrete upstand beams on the roof of
the base building. The design of the concrete upstand beams is not included in this analysis (design
by base building engineer). The calculations herein apply to the primary structural members only.
The beam-to-beam spans which must be accommodated by the steel curb structure range from 7.3m
to 21.8m. There are four lines of support required on each of the north and south edges of the
skylight; one located below each skylight panel. Each line of support or rail location (labeled “T1”-“T4”
in structural drawings) varies in length and is spaced from adjacent rail locations by approximately
2.5m.
This document is intended to be read in conjunction with the “Design Criteria Report” for the same
project.

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2. ANALYSIS
2.1 MODEL CONFIGURATION

The analysis model is based on the single-line conceptual drawings and coordinated with base
building plan drawings and Revit model provided by RSP and UNEC. The overall curb structure is
shown hereafter.
In the areas where the required curb span is between 7.3m and 10.5m, a single-line built-up beam
with a horizontal truss has been designed. In areas where the required curb span is greater than
10.5m, a horizontally and vertically trussed long-span structure has been designed.
Figure 1: Partial layout – single beam portion of curb*

*Note: beams will not be tapered at ends in final installation

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Figure 2: Partial layout – truss portion of curb
Isometric
.0
00
90
Figure 3: Sample single beam segment overall geometry from analytical model

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Isometric
.0
400
21
Figure 4: Sample truss segment overall geometry from analytical model
2.2 MEMBERS
Each distinct member cross-section has been given a name for ease of discussion. The member
names and a graphical representation of their locations has been included in Table 1.
Table 1: Member terminology

Isometric
Truss:
Top Chord
Isometric
Truss:
Bottom Chord

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Isometric
Truss:
Web Verticals and Diagonals
Isometric
Truss:
Horizontal Brace
Isometric
Truss:
Horizontal Diagonal
Isometric
Truss:
Interior Brace
Isometric
Single Beam:
Rail Support Beam

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Isometric
Single Beam:
Horizontal Brace
Isometric
Single Beam:
Horizontal Diagonal
Isometric
All:
Top Chord Box Section
Isometric
All:
End Lateral Brace
Isometric
All:
Walkway Outriggers

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Isometric
All:
Walkway Edge Support
Isometric
All:
Support Posts
2.3 LOADING APPLICATION

For the purposes of this report, only loading applicable to the governing load case will be
presented. The load cases considered are per ASCE 7-05 and are outlined in the Design Criteria
Report for this project, dated November 29, 2019. Loading details pertaining to the Dead Load,
Wind Load, Live Load, and Thermal Loads have been included hereafter.
2.3.1 Load Case Summary

A summary of load cases considered for the analysis of the curb structure is shown in Table 2.
Refer to sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 for further load case details.
Table 2: Load Case Legend

Load Case Load Case
Load Case
Symbol Number Load Case Description
Type
(refer to Figure 13)
D (CLOSED) LC1 Dead Load Dead Load in Closed Configuration
D (OPEN) LC10 Dead Load Dead Load in Open Configuration
W (CLOSED) LC4 Wind Load Dynamic and Mean Wind Loads in Closed
Configuration
W (OPEN) LC12 Wind Load Dynamic and Mean Wind Loads in Open
Configuration
L (CLOSED) LC2 Live Load Live Load in Closed Configuration
L (OPEN) LC11 Live Load Live Load in Open Configuration
S (CLOSED) LC3 Sand Load Sand Load in Closed Configuration
S (OPEN) LC17 Sand Load Sand Load in Open Configuration
T LC8 Thermal Load Thermal Load based on interior/exterior
member
EQx (CLOSED) LC6 Seismic Load Seismic Load in parallel-to-arch direction in
Closed Configuration
EQx (OPEN) LC15 Seismic Load Seismic Load in parallel-to-arch direction in
Open Configuration
EQy (CLOSED) LC7 Seismic Load Seismic Load in perpendicular-to-arch

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direction in Closed Configuration
EQy (OPEN) LC16 Seismic Load Seismic Load in perpendicular-to-arch
direction in Open Configuration
2.3.2 Dead Load (D) application

The self-weight of the curb structure is applied in the negative-gravity direction within the
RFEM model. The skylight dead load reactions have been additionally applied to the curb
structure at critical locations. Refer to Figure 5 through Figure 6 for Dead Load application
details.
A uniform Dead Load has also been applied to the walkway locations, refer to Design Criteria
Report for details.
LC 1: DL Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm]
625.000
Cross-Sections
1: Dummy Rigid 535.000
2: Dummy Rigid
3: W 310x158 | CAN/CSA-S16-01; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
4: W 310x226 | CAN/CSA-S16-01; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) .0
5: W 310x97 | CAN/CSA-S16-01; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 17 8
00 895.000
13: BOX(A) 550/25/20/340/400/380/25/0/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
15: IU 660/550/40/25/400/40/0/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 300.000 100.800
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 275.000 92.400
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded 895.000
Shapes); 90.0 °
40 0.0
21
139.440
415.000
139.440
415.000
Figure 5: Sample Dead Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration

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LC 10: DL (OPEN) Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm] 980.000
895.000
Cross-Sections 770.000
980.000
2: Dummy Rigid
8: W 360x162 | CAN/CSA-S16-01; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 895.000
9: Rect HSS 254x152x13 | CAN/CSA-G40.20; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 770.000
12: IU 1050/550/40/30/400/45/15/15; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 735.000
980.000
895.000
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes); 90.0 ° .0 770.000
50 735.000 146.160
435.000 415.000 139.440
84 142.800
425.000385.000 129.360
00 .0
90
625.000 146.160
435.000 139.440
415.000 142.800
0 0.0
535.000 425.000 129.360
385.000
90 475.000
450.000
00.0 146.160
90 435.000
415.000
139.440
142.800
425.000
385.000 129.360
00.0
90
300.000 100.800
275.000 92.400
280.000 94.080
245.000 82.320
Figure 6: Sample Dead Load application at single beam area in open configuration
2.3.3 Wind Load (W) application

The Wind Load has been applied to the curb structure as point loads at critical locations. The
Wind Loads are per the most recent outputs of the skylight panel RFEM models. The various
values presented in the Structural Wind Study Report by Gradient Wind Engineering Inc.
(revision 2, dated December 13, 2019) have been considered in context of each location
along the curb, and have been applied in combination with those values from adjacent panels
wherever required. Refer to Figure 7 through Figure 8 for Wind Load application details.

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LC 4: WL (+ve) Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm]
Cross-Sections
1: Dummy Rigid
2: Dummy Rigid
140.000
5.000
4: W 310x226 | CAN/CSA-S16-01; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) .0
00
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 215.000
87.360
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes); 90.0 °
40 0.0
21 180.000
157.920
470.000
157.920
470.000
Figure 7: Sample Wind Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration
LC 4: WL (+ve) Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm]
Cross-Sections
1: Dummy Rigid
9: Rect HSS 254x152x13 | CAN/CSA-G40.20; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
12: IU 1050/550/40/30/400/45/15/15; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
13: BOX(A) 550/25/20/340/400/380/25/0/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 185.000
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes); 90.0 ° .0
50
84 110.880
185.000
330.000
00 .0
90
0 0.0 110.880
90 330.000
00.0
90
5.000 110.880
330.000
00.0
90
53.760
160.000
Figure 8: Sample Wind Load application at single beam area in open configuration
2.3.4 Live Load (L) application

The Live Load has been applied to the curb structure as point loads at critical locations. The
Live Loads are per the most recent outputs of the skylight panel RFEM models. Refer to
Figure 9 through Figure 10 for Live Load application details.
A uniform Live Load has also been applied to the walkway locations, refer to Design Criteria

Page 13 of 65
Report for details.
LC 2: LL Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm]
Cross-Sections 175.000
2: Dummy Rigid
.0
00
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 120.000 40.320
310.000
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes); 90.0 °
40 0.0
21
77.280
230.000
77.280
230.000
Figure 9: Sample Live Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration
LC 2: LL Isometric
Loads [kN], [kNm]
185.000
Cross-Sections
1: Dummy Rigid
2: Dummy Rigid
9: Rect HSS 254x152x13 | CAN/CSA-G40.20; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
12: IU 1050/550/40/30/400/45/15/15; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes)
16: Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625 | AISC 14; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes) 185.000
18: IS 250/350/30/30/0; Steel 350W (Plates, Sheets, Floor Pl., Bars, Welded Shapes); 90.0 ° .0
50
84 65.520
195.000
00 .0
90
0 0.0 65.520
90 195.000
95.000
00.0
90
65.520
195.000
00.0
90
33.600
100.000
Figure 10: Sample Live Load application at single beam area in open configuration
2.3.5 Thermal Load (T) application

A Thermal Load as noted in the Design Criteria Report has been included uniformly
throughout all curb structure members. The loads are based on values taken from the
Thermal Study conducted by Gradient Wind Engineering Inc. (revision 2, dated 2019.12.13).

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All curb structure members are considered to be exterior, refer to the Design Criteria Report
for this project for Thermal Load values.
2.3.6 Skylight Reactions by Load Case

The loads applied onto the curb structure are the reactions from the skylight structure. The
reactions are shown by Load Case in Figure 11 and Figure 12 hereafter. The values listed
represent the reactions at each support point (10 per skylight panel) and differ from west to
east panels as well as from intermediate to edge support points.
WEST PANELS
Intermediate Arches
W1 open W1 closed W1 tran W2 open W2 closed W2 tran W3 open W3 closed W3 tran W4 open W4 closed W4 tran
Load Case Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz Vert Horiz
Dead 980 435 980 435 980 435 900 425 900 425 900 425 805 440 805 440 805 440 780 415 780 415 780 415
Live 340 230 340 230 0 0 0 0 310 230 0 0 0 0 185 200 0 0 0 0 185 195 0 0
Wind 90 155 30 380 8 95 0 0 180 470 45 118 0 0 260 335 65 84 0 0 10 330 3 83
EQx 100 125 100 125 100 125 85 115 85 115 85 115 70 100 70 100 70 100 75 100 75 100 75 100
EQy (2& 4 only) 260 90 260 90 260 90 220 90 220 90 220 90 180 90 180 90 180 90 160 75 160 75 160 75
Thermal (2&4 only) 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 165 0 0
EQy (y-direction) 0 0 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 260 0 0 0 0 0 220 0 0 0 0 0 110 0 0
Edge Arches
W1 open W1 closed W1 tran W2 open W2 closed W2 tran W3 open W3 closed W3 tran W4 open W4 closed W4 tran
Dead 625 300 625 300 625 300 595 285 595 285 595 285 475 280 475 280 475 280 455 255 455 255 455 255
Live 175 120 175 120 0 0 0 0 165 120 0 0 0 0 100 105 0 0 0 0 95 100 0 0
Wind 35 95 5 215 1 54 0 0 140 260 35 65 0 0 160 190 40 48 0 0 5 160 1 40
EQx 65 90 65 90 65 90 50 80 50 80 50 80 45 70 45 70 45 70 45 70 45 70 45 70
EQy 185 65 185 65 185 65 135 55 135 55 135 55 105 50 105 50 105 50 90 45 90 45 90 45
Thermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EQy (y-direction) 0 0 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 260 0 0 0 0 0 220 0 0 0 0 0 110 0 0
Notes:
-All values are unfactored and measured in k N
-All vertical dead load values include the self-weight of the bogie assembly
Figure 11: West Panel Reaction Forces

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EAST PANELS
Intermediate Arches
E1 open E1 closed E1 tran E2 open E2 closed E2 tran E3 open E3 closed E3 tran E4 open E4 closed E4 tran
Dead 945 420 945 420 945 420 875 410 875 410 875 410 770 415 770 415 770 415 760 405 760 405 760 405
Live 315 210 315 210 0 0 0 0 295 215 0 0 0 0 175 190 0 0 0 0 175 190 0 0
Wind 45 210 -40 400 -10 100 0 0 40 410 10 103 0 0 15 315 4 79 0 0 10 315 3 79
EQx 100 120 100 120 100 120 85 110 85 110 85 110 65 100 65 100 65 100 60 80 60 80 60 80
EQy (2& 4 only) 265 90 265 90 265 90 230 90 230 90 230 90 185 90 185 90 185 90 160 75 160 75 160 75
Thermal (2&4 only) 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 135 0 0
EQy (y-direction) 0 0 0 295 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 215 0 0 0 0 0 105 0 0
Edge Arches
E1 open E1 closed E1 tran E2 open E2 closed E2 tran E3 open E3 closed E3 tran E4 open E4 closed E4 tran
Dead 615 295 615 295 615 295 580 285 580 285 580 285 465 275 465 275 465 275 445 250 445 250 445 250
Live 165 110 165 110 0 0 0 0 155 110 0 0 0 0 95 100 0 0 0 0 90 95 0 0
Wind 10 105 -40 210 -10 53 0 0 70 255 18 64 0 0 15 190 4 48 0 0 5 145 1 36
EQx 65 90 65 90 65 90 50 25 50 25 50 25 40 65 40 65 40 65 35 55 35 55 35 55
EQy 145 30 145 30 145 30 110 20 110 20 110 20 80 25 80 25 80 25 80 25 80 25 80 25
Thermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0
EQy (y-direction) 0 0 0 295 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 215 0 0 0 0 0 105 0 0
Notes:
-All values are unfactored and measured in k N
-All vertical dead load values include the self-weight of the bogie assembly
Figure 12: East Panel Reaction Forces

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2.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS
The Load Combinations considered for the analysis of the curb structure are shown in Figure 13.
Load Load Combination LC.1 LC.2 LC.3 LC.4

Combin. DS Description To Solve Factor No. Factor No. Factor No. Factor No.
CO1 0 1.4D (CLOSED) + 1.400 LC1
CO2 0 1.4D+1.2T (CLOSED) + 1.400 LC1 1.200 LC8
CO3 0 1.2D+1.2T+0.5L (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 0.500 LC2
CO4 0 1.2D+1.6L+0.8W (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.600 LC2 0.800 LC4
CO5 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.6L+0.8W (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC2 0.800 LC4
CO6 0 1.2D+1.6W+0.5L (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.600 LC4 0.500 LC2
CO7 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.6W+0.5L (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC4 0.500 LC2
CO8 0 1.2D+1.0Ex+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.000 LC6 0.200 LC3
CO9 0 1.2D-1.0Ex+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 -1.000 LC6 0.200 LC3
CO10 0 1.2D+1.0Ey+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.000 LC7 0.200 LC3
CO11 0 1.2D-1.0Ey+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 -1.000 LC7 0.200 LC3
CO12 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.0Ex+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC6 0.200 LC3
CO13 0 1.2D+1.2T-1.0Ex+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC6 0.200 LC3
CO14 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.0Ey+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC7 0.200 LC3
CO15 0 1.2D+1.2T-1.0Ey+0.2S (CLOSED) + 1.200 LC1 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC7 0.200 LC3
CO16 0 0.9D+1.6W (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.600 LC4
CO17 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.6W (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC4
CO18 0 0.9D+1.0Ex (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.000 LC6
CO19 0 0.9D-1.0Ex (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 -1.000 LC6
CO20 0 0.9D+1.0Ey (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.000 LC7
CO21 0 0.9D-1.0Ey (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 -1.000 LC7
CO22 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.0Ex (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC6
CO23 0 0.9D+1.2T-1.0Ex (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC6
CO24 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.0Ey (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC7
CO25 0 0.9D+1.2T-1.0Ey (CLOSED) + 0.900 LC1 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC7
CO26 0 -EQy (CLOSED) + -1.000 LC7
CO27 0 1.4D (OPEN) + 1.400 LC10
CO28 0 1.4D+1.2T (OPEN) + 1.400 LC10 1.200 LC8
CO29 0 1.2D+1.2T+0.5L (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 0.500 LC11
CO30 0 1.2D+1.6L+0.8W (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.600 LC11 0.800 LC12
CO31 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.6L+0.8W (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC11 0.800 LC12
CO32 0 1.2D+1.6W+0.5L (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.600 LC12 0.500 LC11
CO33 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.6W+0.5L (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC12 0.500 LC11
CO34 0 1.2D+1.0Ex+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.000 LC15 0.200 LC17
CO35 0 1.2D-1.0Ex+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 -1.000 LC15 0.200 LC17
CO36 0 1.2D+1.0Ey+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.000 LC16 0.200 LC17
CO37 0 1.2D-1.0Ey+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 -1.000 LC16 0.200 LC17
CO38 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.0Ex+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC15 0.200 LC17
CO39 0 1.2D+1.2T-1.0Ex+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC15 0.200 LC17
CO40 0 1.2D+1.2T+1.0Ey+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC16 0.200 LC17
CO41 0 1.2D+1.2T-1.0Ey+0.2S (OPEN) + 1.200 LC10 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC16 0.200 LC17
CO42 0 0.9D+1.6W (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.600 LC12
CO43 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.6W (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.600 LC12
CO44 0 0.9D+1.0Ex (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.000 LC15
CO45 0 0.9D-1.0Ex (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 -1.000 LC15
CO46 0 0.9D+1.0Ey (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.000 LC16
CO47 0 0.9D-1.0Ey (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 -1.000 LC16
CO48 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.0Ex (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC15
CO49 0 0.9D+1.2T-1.0Ex (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC15
CO50 0 0.9D+1.2T+1.0Ey (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.200 LC8 1.000 LC16
CO51 0 0.9D+1.2T-1.0Ey (OPEN) + 0.900 LC10 1.200 LC8 -1.000 LC16
CO52 0 -EQy (OPEN) + -1.000 LC16
Figure 13: Load Combinations for analysis

Page 17 of 65
2.5 GOVERNING CONDITIONS
The analysis for the curb structure has been undertaken with respect to the members in the truss
area and the single beam area demonstrating the most critical results. In the truss area, the
members within the 21.8m span govern. In the single beam area, members in both the 9m span
in the location where stacked loads occur as well as in the transition area where the span is
10.5m govern. Members in the non-governing spans within the single beam and truss areas have
been designed using the same members as those in the governing spans.
2.6 CROSS-SECTION TYPE CLASSIFICATION

Cross-sectional classification is per the AISC 360-10 guidelines. Designations for compression
members are determined per Table B4.1a and are either slender or nonslender. Designations for
flexural members are determined per Table B4.1b and are either compact or noncompact. Refer
to Appendix A for Tables B4.1a and B4.1b.
Sample calculations for determining the designations of compression and of flexural members
per Tables B4.1a and B4.1b are shown below. A summary of the member cross-sections,
member types, and member designations is shown in Table 3.
2.6.1 Truss Top Chord (Built-Up Beam)

Modulus of Elasticity; E = 210000 MPa
Yield Strength; Fy = 345 MPa
Top flange thickness; tT = 65 mm

Bottom flange thickness; tB = 40 mm
Top flange width; bT = 550.0 mm/2 = 275.00 mm
Bottom flange width; bB = 400.0 mm/2 = 200.00 mm
Section height; h = 660.0 mm
hc = 2183.6 mm = 367.20 mm
hp = 2123.4 mm = 246.80 mm
Web height; hweb = h - (tT + tB) = 555.00 mm
Web thickness; tw = 25.4 mm
kc check; check = 4/((hweb/tw)) = 0.86
since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76
Top flange b/t; bT/tT = 4.23

Limiting ratio (nonslender/slender); rf = 0.64*((kcE/Fy)) = 13.77
∴ since 4.23<13.77 top flange is nonslender.
Limiting ratio (compact/noncompact); pf = 0.38((E/Fy)) = 9.38
∴ since 4.23 < 9.38 top flange is compact.
Bottom flange b/t; bB/tB = 5.00

∴ since 5.00<13.77 bottom flange is nonslender.
∴ since 5.00 < 9.38 bottom flange is compact.
Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 21.85

Limiting ratio (noncompact/slender); rw = 1.49(E/Fy) = 36.76
∴ since 21.85<36.76 web is nonslender.
Web hc/tw; hc/tw = 14.46
Limiting ratio (compact/noncompact); pw = ((hc/hp)((E/Fy)))/((0.541.11-0.09)2) =
141.46
Page 18 of 65
∴ since 21.85 < 141.46 web is compact.
Therefore, section is nonslender and compact.
2.6.2 Truss Bottom Chord (W310x226)

Top flange thickness; tT = 35.6 mm

Bottom flange thickness; tB = 35.6 mm
Flange width; b = 317.0 mm/2 = 158.50 mm
Radius; radius = tw = 22.10 mm
Web height; hweb = h - (tT + tB + (2radius)) = 232.60 mm

Limiting ratio (slender/nonslender); rw = 1.49((E/Fy)) = 36.76
∴ since 10.52 < 36.76 web is nonslender.
Limiting ratio (compact/noncompact); pw = 3.76((E/Fy)) = 92.77
Flange b/t; b/tT = 4.45

since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76
∴ since 4.45 < 13.77 flange is nonslender.
∴ since 4.5 < 9.38 flange is compact.
2.6.3 Truss Web Verticals and Diagonals (W310x158)




since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76

Page 19 of 65
2.6.4 Truss Horizontal Brace (W360x196)




since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76
2.6.5 Truss Interior Brace (W200x46)




Page 20 of 65
since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76
2.6.6 Single Beam: Rail Support Beam (Built-Up Beam)


hc = 2348 mm = 696.00 mm
hp = 2178.0 mm = 356.00 mm
since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.65



185.88
∴ since 27.84 < 185.88 web is compact .
Therefore, section is compact.
2.6.7 Single Beam Horizontal Brace (W360x162)



Page 21 of 65


since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76
2.6.8 Typical Horizontal Diagonal (HSS 254x152x13)

Thickness; t = 12.7 mm
Width; b = 152 mm-(4t) = 101.20 mm
Height; h = 254 mm-(4t) = 203.20 mm
Width to thickness ratio; b/t = 7.97
Height to thickness ratio; h/t = 16.00
Limiting ratio (nonslender/slender); r = 1.40((E/Fy)) = 34.54
∴ since 7.97 < 34.54 HSS is nonslender.
Limiting ratio (web compact/noncompact); pw = 2.42((E/Fy)) = 59.71
Limiting ratio (flange compact/noncompact); pf = 1.12((E/Fy)) = 27.63
2.6.9 Typical End Lateral Brace (HSS 254x254x16)

Width; b = 254 mm-(4t) = 190.40 mm
Height; h = 254 mm-(4t) = 190.40 mm

Page 22 of 65
2.6.10 Typical Walkway Outriggers (W360x79)



since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.71
2.6.11 Typical Walkway Edge Support Member (HSS 203x102x9.5)

Width; b = 101.6 mm-(4t) = 63.60 mm
Height; h = 203.2 mm-(4t) = 165.20 mm
2.6.12 Typical Support Post (Built-Up Beam)


Page 23 of 65
hc = 2183.6 mm = 367.20 mm
hp = 2123.4 mm = 246.80 mm
since 0.35 < kc < 0.76, use:
kc = 0.76



Limiting ratio (noncompact/slender); rw = 1.49(E/Fy) = 36.76
∴ since 6.33<36.76 web is nonslender.
141.46

Page 24 of 65
Table 3: Cross-section classification
Cross-section Cross-Section Designation
Member
No.
IU 660/550/40/25/400/40/0/0
550.0
40.0
1 1 2 34 2 5
11
294.6
M
13 y
660.0
5
Truss: Nonslender,
1 25.0
Top Chord Compact
40.0
12
6 3 7 89 4 10
z
400.0
[mm]
Not shown in graphic: top flange lateral

reinforcement. See design calculations for
details.
W 310x226
317.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
35.6
11 22.1
Truss: Nonslender,
348.0
2 5
13 y
Bottom Chord Compact
22.1
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]

Page 25 of 65
W 310x158
310.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
25.1
11
15.5
Truss:
Nonslender,
327.0
3 Web Verticals 5
13 y
Compact
and Diagonals
15.5
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]
W 360x196
374.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
26.2 11
16.4
Truss:
Nonslender,
372.0
4 Horizontal 5
13 y
Compact
Brace
16.4
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]
W 200x46
203.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
11.0
11
7.2
Truss: Nonslender,
203.0
5 5
13 y
Interior Brace Compact
7.2
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]

Page 26 of 65
IU 1050/550/40/25/400/45/15/15
550.0
40.0
1 1 23 2 5
11
15.0
491.9
M
Single Beam:
1050.0
13 y
6 Rail Support 5
Compact
Beam 25.0
15.0
45.0
12
6 3 78 4 10
z
400.0
[mm]
W 360x162
371.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
21.8 11
13.3
Single Beam:
364.0
7 Horizontal 5
13 y Compact
Brace
13.3
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]
Rect HSS 254x152x13
152.0
5 14 3
6 2
7 1
12.7
All:
Nonslender,
254.0
8 Horizontal 3
8
4
16 y
Compact
Diagonal
9 15
10 14
11 212 13
[mm]

Page 27 of 65
Sqr HSS 10x10x0.625
254.0
5 14 3
6 2
7 1
15.9
All: End Lateral Nonslender,
254.0
9 3
8
4
16 y
Brace Compact
9 15
10 14
11 212 13
[mm]
W 360x79
205.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
16.8
11
9.4
All: Walkway Nonslender,

354.0
10 5
13 y
Outriggers Compact
9.4
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]
Rect HSS 8x4x0.375
101.6
5 14 3
6 2
7 1
9.5
All: Walkway Nonslender,

203.2
11 3
8
4
16 y
Edge Support Compact
9 15
10 14
11 212 13
[mm]

Page 28 of 65
IS 250/350/30/30/0
350.0
30.0
1 1 2 3 4 2 5
11
0.0
250.0
5
13 y
All: Support Nonslender,
12
Posts 30.0 Compact
0.0
12
6 3 7 8 9 4 10
[mm]
2.7 STRENGTH
This analysis is completed in accordance with AISC 360-10; flexure calculations are in
accordance with F3, compression calculations are in accordance with E3. The following
calculations reflect the governing loading condition for each cross-section. Governing internal
forces are taken from the output of the RFEM analytical model.
For the purposes of following AISC 360 naming convention, the cross-sectional axis labels used
in the following analysis have been modified from those in the RFEM outputs shown in. For
instances where the “y” axis has been shown in Table 3, the analytical axis will refer to the “x”
axis, and where the “z” axis has been shown in Table 3, the analytical axis will refer to “y” axis.
2.7.1 Truss Top Chord

Box section to resist lateral forces:
Cross-section: BOX 550/25/20/340/400/380/25/0/0
Steel Resistance Factor;  = 0.9
Governing internal forces:

Axial; Cf = 2170 kN
Shear in strong axis; Vfx = 1100 kN
Shear in weak axis; Vfy = 0 kN
Torsional bending moment; MTf = 425 kNm
Bending moment in strong axis; Mfx = 0 kNm
Bending moment in weak axis; Mfy = 680 kNm
Geometric parameters:
Radius of gyration, x; rx = 159.2 mm
Radius of gyration, y; ry = 156.7 mm
Outer width; bo = 380 mm
Outer height; ho = 400 mm
Wall thickness; tsides = 20 mm
Wall thickness; tbottom = 25 mm
Inner width; bi = bo – 2tsides = 340.00 mm

Page 29 of 65
Outer width; hi = ho – 2tbottom = 350.00 mm
Rect. HSS Torsional Constant; C = (2(bo-tsides)(ho-tbottom)tsides)-(4.5(4-)(
tbottom 3)) = 5339643.23 mm3
Plastic section modulus, x; Zx = 5471450 mm3
Plastic section modulus, y; Zy = 5313130 mm 3
Analysis:
Eccentricity; e = 123 mm + (420 mm /2) = 333.00 mm
Unbraced length; L = 2275 mm
Resisting moment; Mrx = Fy Zx = 1698.89 kNm

Utilization in flexure; Mfx/Mrx = 0.00
Resisting moment; Mry = Fy Zy = 1649.73 kNm

Utilization in flexure; Mfy/Mry = 0.41
Resisting torsional moment; MTr = 0.6  Fy  C = 1105.31 kNm

Utilization in torsion; MTf/MTr = 0.38
Axial (Compression)
Effective length; K = 1.0
Slenderness ratio; KL/ry = 14.52
Slenderness limit; 4.71((E/Fy)) = 116.20
Elastic critical buckling stress; Fe = 2E/(KL/ry)2 = 9833.19 MPa
Stress ratio; Fy/Fe = 0.04
Critical strength; Fcr = (0.658^(Fy/Fe))Fy = 339.97 MPa
Nominal compressive strength; Pn = Fcr * A = 23440.98 kN
Design compressive strength; Pr = Pn = 21096.88 kN
Utilization in compression; Cf / Pr = 0.10
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00
Nominal shear strength; Vnx = 0.6FyAxCv = 8280.00 kN
Nominal shear strength; Vny = 0.6FyAyCv = 5992.65 kN
Design shear strength; Vrx = Vnx = 7452.00 kN

Design shear strength; Vry = Vny = 5393.39 kN
Utilization in shear; Vfx / Vrx = 0.15

Utilization in shear; Vfy / Vry = 0.00
Combined Stresses (torsion)

Combined Utilization; ((Cf/Pr)+( Mfy/Mry)) + ((Vfy/Vry)+(MTf/MTr))2 = 0.66
Since utilization is less than 1, can assume that box section accommodates all torsion,
remaining forces are accommodated by built-up I-beam.
Built-up beam to resist vertical forces:

Cross-section: IU 660/550/40/25/400/40/0/0
Page 30 of 65
Plastic section modulus, x; Zx = 13522500 mm 3
Gross cross-sectional area; A = 52500.0 mm2
Shear area, x; Ax = 38000.0 mm2
Shear area, y; Ay = 14500.0 mm2
Section moment of inertia; Ix = 3997450000 mm 4
Unsupported local length; L = 2450 mm

Axial; Cf = 2990 kN
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure
Yield Moment; Mpx = ZxFy = 4665.26 kNm
Yield Moment; Mpy = ZyFy = 1626.89 kNm
Yielding; Mnx = Mpx = 4665.26 kNm

Yielding; Mny = Mpy = 1626.89 kNm
Flange local buckling: Flanges are compact.

Web local buckling: Webs are compact.
Design flexural strength; Mrx = Mnx = 4198.74 kNm

Design flexural strength; Mry = Mny = 1464.20 kNm

Page 31 of 65
Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Cf / Pr < 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (0.5Cf / Pr)+((Mfx/Mrx)+ (Mfy/Mry)) = 0.67
2.7.2 Truss Bottom Chord

Cross-section: W310x226
Unsupported length; L = 3230 mm

Axial; Tf = 3277 kN
Axial (Tension)
Slenderness limit; Limit = 300
Tensile yielding; Pn = FyA = 9970.50 kN
Design tensile strength; Pr = Pn = 8973.45 kN
Utilization in tension; Tf / Pr = 0.37
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure

Page 32 of 65



Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Tf / Pr > 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (Tf / Pr)+((8/9)((Mfx/Mrx)+ (Mfy/Mry))) = 0.60
2.7.3 Truss Web Verticals and Diagonals


Axial; Tf = 2600 kN
Axial (Tension)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Page 33 of 65
Flexure




Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Tf / Pr > 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (Tf / Pr)+((8/9)((Mfx/Mrx)+ (Mfy/Mry))) = 0.42
2.7.4 Truss Horizontal Brace


Axial; Cf = 75 kN
Axial (Compression)
Page 34 of 65
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure





2.7.5 Truss Interior Brace

Plastic section modulus, y; Zy = 229000 mm3

Axial; Cf = 150 kN
Page 35 of 65
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure




Combined Stresses (Flexural Buckling about Z-axis)

Combined Utilization; Cf / Pr = 0.11
2.7.6 Single Beam Rail Support

Box section to resist lateral forces:
Cross-section: BOX 550/25/340/400/380/25/0/0

Page 36 of 65
Axial; Cf = 429 kN
Torsional bending moment; MTf = 420 kNm
Outer width; bo = 380 mm
Outer height; ho = 400 mm
Wall thickness; tsides = 20 mm
Wall thickness; tbottom = 25 mm
Inner width; bi = bo – 2tsides = 340.00 mm
Outer width; hi = ho – 2tbottom = 350.00 mm
Rect. HSS Torsional Constant; C = (2(bo-tsides)(ho-tbottom)tsides)-(4.5(4-)(
tbottom 3)) = 5339643.23 mm3
Analysis:
Eccentricity; e = 123 mm + (420 mm /2) = 333.00 mm
Unbraced length; L = 2250 mm
Resisting moment; Mrx = Fy Zx = 1698.89 kNm

Resisting moment; Mry = Fy Zy = 1649.73 kNm

Resisting torsional moment; MTr = 0.6  Fy  C = 1105.31 kNm

Utilization in torsion; MTf/MTr = 0.38
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Page 37 of 65
Combined Stresses (torsion)

Combined Utilization; ((Cf/Pr)+( Mfy/Mry)) + ((Vfy/Vry)+(MTf/MTr))2 = 0.54
Since utilization is less than 1, can assume that box section accommodates all torsion,
remaining forces are accommodated by built-up I-beam.
Built-up beam to resist vertical forces:

Cross-section: IU 1050/550/40/25/400/45/15/15
Section moment of inertia; Ix = 11960000000 mm 4
Unsupported local length; L = 2640 mm

Vertical applied force (dead); Fvertd = 980 kN
Axial; Cf = 671 kN
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Page 38 of 65
Flexure





Global deflection check:

Unsupported global length; Lg = 10500 mm
Deflection limit (vert, dead); vdlim = Lg/900 = 11.67 mm
Assume max load as point load at centre-span
Deflection (vert, dead); vdead = (FvertdLg3)/(48EIx) = 9.41 mm
vdlim > vdead therefore OK
2.7.7 Single Beam Horizontal Brace


Axial; Tf = 975 kN

Page 39 of 65
Axial (Tension)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure




Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Tf / Pr < 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (0.5Tf / Pr)+((Mfx/Mrx)+ (Mfy/Mry)) = 0.58
2.7.8 Typical Horizontal Diagonal (HSS 254x152x13)

Cross-section: HSS 254x152x13

Page 40 of 65

Axial; Cf = 838 kN
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure




Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Cf / Pr > 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (Cf/Pr)+((8/9)((Mfx/Mrx)+(Mfy/Mry))) = 0.36
2.7.9 Typical End Lateral Brace

Cross-section: HSS 254x254x16

Page 41 of 65

Axial; Cf = 2881 kN
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure



Page 42 of 65

Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Cf / Pr > 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (Cf/Pr)+((8/9)((Mfx/Mrx)+(Mfy/Mry))) = 0.73
2.7.10 Typical Walkway Outrigger

Gross cross-sectional area; A = 10100 mm2

Axial; Cf = 0 kN
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Page 43 of 65
Flexure





2.7.11 Typical Walkway Edge Support Member

Cross-section: HSS 203x102x9.5

Axial; Tf = 6 kN
Axial (Tension)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00
Page 44 of 65


Flexure




Combined Stresses (Flexural and Axial where Tf / Pr < 0.2)

Combined Utilization; (0.5Tf / Pr)+((Mfx/Mrx)+ (Mfy/Mry)) = 0.29
2.7.12 Typical Support Post

Cross-section: IS 250/350/30/30/0
Post height; hp = 995 mm
Flange width; b = 350 mm
Section depth; d =250 mm
Adjusted section depth*; da =(d/2) + (hp-100mm) = 1020.00 mm
Flange thickness; tf = 30 mm
Web thickness; tw = 30 mm
Adjusted plastic section modulus, y*; Zxa = (btf(da-tf))+(0.25tw(da-(2tf))2) =
17307000.00mm3
Unsupported length; L = hp = 995.00 mm

Axial; Cf = 1129 kN

Page 45 of 65
Axial (Compression)
Shear
For h/t<(kvE/Fy); Cv = 1.00


Flexure
Yield Moment; Mpx = ZxaFy = 5970.92 kNm





*Note: Support posts are accompanied with a brace in the strong axis direction to
accommodate the large moment formed due to the lateral load at the top of the post. To
account for this in the calculations, we have considered an adjusted Zx value corresponding to
a deeper section. The adjusted depth of the section is based on the distance between the

Page 46 of 65
brace and the support post. The brace begins at a 100mm vertical offset and has a 1:1 slope.
2.8 BUCKLING
The critical load factors for the governing load combinations in both the Open and Closed
configurations are shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15. The first 20 eigenvectors for buckling are
shown for each configuration and do not represent global buckling modes.
Load Combination: CO7 - 1.2D+1.2T+1.6W+0.5L(CLOSED)

E-Value Critical Load Factor Magnification Factor
No. f [-] a [-]
1 3.852 1.351
2 6.225 1.191
3 6.416 1.185
4 6.506 1.182
5 6.767 1.173
6 7.174 1.162
7 7.208 1.161
8 7.209 1.161
9 8.254 1.138
10 8.640 1.131
11 9.521 1.117
12 10.245 1.108
13 10.278 1.108
14 10.675 1.103
15 11.566 1.095
16 12.492 1.087
17 12.874 1.084
18 14.350 1.075
19 14.737 1.073
20 14.850 1.072
Figure 14: Critical Load Factors for Closed Configuration Loading

Page 47 of 65
Load Combination: CO31 - 1.2D+1.2T+1.6L+0.8W(OPEN)
E-Value Critical Load Factor Magnification Factor
No. f [-] a [-]
1 9.664 1.115
2 9.889 1.113
3 9.889 1.113
4 10.472 1.106
5 10.496 1.105
6 10.496 1.105
7 11.087 1.099
8 11.436 1.096
9 11.455 1.096
10 11.455 1.096
11 12.056 1.090
12 12.285 1.089
13 12.285 1.089
14 12.731 1.085
15 13.424 1.080
16 14.787 1.073
17 15.565 1.069
18 15.565 1.069
19 15.680 1.068
20 15.922 1.067
Figure 15: Critical Load Factors for Open Configuration Loading
2.9 SERVICEABILITY
The deflection criteria for the structural members are per the design criteria report. The dead load
deflection values by cross-section are shown in Figure 16 through Figure 25.
For the purposes of structural design, the deflection of the walkways has been ignored.

Page 48 of 65
2.9.1 Dead Load Deflection
LC 1: DL (CLOSED) Isometric
Global Deformations u
0.7
1.1 0.3 0.9
2.5
4.6 5.1
6.3
4.8 9.7
7.4
8.8 E10
7.5
13.5 6.8
6.9
12.1
5.8 15.9
13.7 16.2 E9 12.4
1.6 4.2 15.6
14.0
1.1 2.4 1.4
12.3 11.6
17.0
1.9
0.8 1.2 2.0 4.7 8.4
E8
10.0
1.8 1.8
2.8 7.1 19.6
19.6
3.7 3.0 E7 17.1
4.3
4.5 14.0
10.0
5.5 5.2
6.6 5.7
3.5
7.4 6.5 3.7
7.0 4.7
7.0
6.9
2.1 6.6 4.9
4.3 6.5
5.6
1.5 1.9 2.4 4.3
E6 5.9
7.2
6.8
6.3
3.7 5.8
3.5
Max u: 19.6, Min u: 0.0E5'[mm]

Factor of deformations: 100.00
Figure 16: Curb Truss Dead Load Deflections (isometric view)
Dead load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 21800mm/720 = 30.3mm

Dead load deflection (global) = 19.6mm
19.6mm < 30.3mm therefore acceptable
LC 1: DL (CLOSED) In Y-direction
Global Deformations u 1.6
0.7
1.1
2.1 2.4
2.0
1.4
0.3
1.8
2.4
2.5
2.8 3.0
4.2
4.3
4.3 4.3
4.6 1.1
0.8 4.5
1.9
1.5 1.9
0.9
1.2
1.8
4.7
5.8
6.96.3 5.5 5.7 5.1
7.5
7.4 6.6 6.5
6.6
6.5
6.9
7.0 7.0
7.4
8.4
9.7
11.6
13.5
14.0
15.6
15.9
16.2
4.83.7 3.5
7.1 3.7
8.8 3.5
10.0 3.7
4.7
12.1
12.3 5.24.9
13.7 5.6 6.8 5.9
5.8
6.3 6.8
7.2
10.0
12.4
14.0
17.0
17.1
Max u: 19.6, Min u: 0.0 [mm]
Factor of deformations: 100.00 19.6
Figure 17: Curb Truss Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view)

Page 49 of 65
LC 10: DL (OPEN) Isometric
2.5
2.5
3.3 W22
2.0 1.6 2.2 3.9
2.3
2.7 3.3
3.1
1.4 1.7 3.6
3.0 1.2 2.9
0.8 2.8 2.2
0.2 2.8 1.9
4.0 1.0 2.7
1.8 2.7
0.1 3.7 3.6 W23
2.6
0.9 3.3
1.7
3.1 2.6
3.0
3.0
1.80.2
2.1 0.2 5.3 4.7 3.0
W24 4.4
0.2 0.2 4.1
0.3 0.2 2.3 2.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 5.7 5.1
0.3 6.5 4.8 0.2
0.4 7.4 6.6 0.36.2 6.1 4.5 5.6
0.2 0.3 7.5
7.5 0.4 5.7
0.2 0.3
W25 0.4
0.1 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.2 0.3
0.1
0.1
W26
Max u: 7.5, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 18: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (isometric view – stacked configuration)

LC 10: DL (OPEN) In Y-direction

W10
W21
W20
W19
W18
W17
W16
W15
W14
W13
W12
W22
W23
W24
W29
W28
W27
W26
W25
W11
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
E16
E17
W5'
W4'
W3'
W1'
W9
W8
W7
W6
E1'
E3'
E4'
E5'
E6
E7
E8
E9
Y
3.13.0 0.2 2.5 3.02.8 3.3 3.02.8 3.9 3.02.7

2.5 2.2 1.7 1.2 2.7 2.2 1.9 3.3 2.9 2.7
2.0 1.4 0.8 0.2 1.0
0.2 1.8
0.2 2.6
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.3
0.4 0.3
0.4 0.3
0.4
4.0 2.3 2.13.7 2.33.6 2.33.3 2.6

0.2
0.1
1.6 1.8 3.1 3.6
0.2
0.1 0.9
0.2
0.1 1.7
0.2
0.1
4.1
4.4 4.5
4.7 4.8
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.7
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.6
7.4
7.5
Max u: 7.5, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 19: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view – stacked configuration)

Page 50 of 65
LC 1: DL (CLOSED) Isometric
Global Deformations u 1.1 1.0
1.4 1.0
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.1
3.4
1.7 0.9
0.6 3.2
1.14.8
0.8
0.3 3.4 W5'
3.6 0.7
3.9
3.2 3.6
3.3
1.8 W6
3.1
6.9
6.8
9.7
9.7
W7
W8
Max u: 9.7, Min u: 0.0 [mm]
Figure 20: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (isometric view – closed configuration)

LC 1: DL (CLOSED) In Y-direction
3.3 0.8
3.2 0.6
1.1 3.4 1.2 0.9
1.1
1.4
3.6
3.6
1.1 3.9
1.7
1.7
3.4
1.1 3.1
0.7
1.8
1.04.8
0.3
6.8
6.9
Max u: 9.7, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

9.7
Factor of deformations: 300.009.7
Figure 21: Curb Beam Dead Load Deflections (longitudinal view – closed configuration)

Page 51 of 65
2.9.2 Live Load Deflection
LC 2: LL (CLOSED) Isometric
0.5 0.3 0.4
1.2
1.0
2.1 1.8
2.8 2.4 1.3

3.0 2.6 1.0
2.9 2.5
0.5
0.5 2.5 2.2 W7
1.8
0.6 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.7
0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0
1.4 W8
0.5 2.6 2.2
2.2 2.3
W9 2.0
1.7
2.7 2.3 0.9 1.5
0.8
2.5
2.9
3.0 3.7 W10
3.6 4.0
2.9 3.2
2.7 4.6
2.2 4.9 W11
0.51.3 5.2
0.9
0.4 5.4 4.9
5.2
5.5
W12
4.6 0.6 5.4
2.4 5.0 6.2
3.6 4.1
3.9
2.4 W13 6.9
7.0
6.9
2.9 6.2
4.9
Max u: 7.0,
W14Min u: 0.0 [mm]
Figure 22: Curb Truss Live Load Deflections (isometric view)
Live load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 21800mm/720 = 30.3mm

Live load deflection (global) = 7.0mm
Live load deflection limit (local) = L/240 = 3000mm/240 = 12.5mm
Live load deflection (local) = 2.1mm

Page 52 of 65
LC 2: LL (CLOSED) In Y-direction
0.5
0.4
0.5 0.3
0.6
0.3
0.9
1.4
1.3 1.0
1.0
2.2
2.2 1.1
1.2
2.7 0.6
0.4
0.3 1.70.6
0.5
0.4
2.9
2.9
3.0 0.5 1.8 0.5
1.8
2.2
2.1 2.4
2.5 2.3
2.6
2.5 2.4
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.9
5.0
5.4
5.5
2.5
2.4
0.9 0.8
1.0
3.6 1.3
4.6 1.5
5.2 1.7 1.7
3.2
2.9 2.0
2.1 2.2
2.3
2.6
4.9
4.9
6.2
6.2
Max u: 7.0, Min u: 0.0 [mm] 6.9
7.0
Figure 23: Curb Truss Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view)
LC 11: LL (OPEN) Isometric

0.5 0.5
0.5 0.6 W22
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4 0.5 0.6
0.3 0.5
0.9 0.3 0.4
0.1 0.2 0.9
1.2 0.2 0.9 0.5
0.9
0.9 0.9 0.4 W23 0.8
0.1
0.9 0.2 0.9 0.5
1.0 0.9 0.9
1.0 0.4
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
0.9 0.5
0.9 0.9
0.9 0.9
0.1
0.1 0.9
0.5 0.1 0.8 0.9 W24
0.1 0.1
0.1 1.6 0.9
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1
0.1 0.2 1.7 0.1
0.1
W25 0.1
0.1 0.1 2.3
0.1 2.3 0.1
0.1
0.1
W26
Max u: 2.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 24: Curb Beam Live Load Deflections (isometric view)
Live load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 9000mm/720 = 12.5mm

Live load deflection (global) = 2.3mm
Live load deflection limit (local) = L/240 = 2500mm/240 = 10.4mm
Live load deflection (local) = 1.3mm
Page 53 of 65
LC 11: LL (OPEN) In Y-direction
W10
W22
W21
W20
W19
W18
W17
W16
W15
W14
W13
W12
W23
W24
W29
W28
W27
W26
W25
W11
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
E16
E17
W5'
W4'
W3'
W1'
W9
W8
W7
W6
E1'
E3'
E4'
E5'
E6
E7
E8
E9
Y
0.1
0.40.3 0.9
0.9
0.90.4 0.1
0.5 0.30.1
0.9
0.9 0.2 0.5
0.5 0.90.40.4
0.9 0.9
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.5
0.80.50.1
0.5
0.1
0.5 0.9 0.1
0.9
0.9
0.4 1.00.9
0.20.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.5 0.8

0.9 0.1
0.2 0.50.9
0.9 0.4
0.1 0.60.9
0.8 0.5
0.1
1.2
0.3 0.5
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.3
Max u: 2.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 25: Curb Beam Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view)
2.9.3 Dead + Live Load Deflection

CO 53: D+L (CLOSED) Isometric
1.5 0.5 1.3

E12
3.5
E11
6.4
6.8
6.6
8.8 E10
10.4
12.1
10.5
9.6 13.0
16.5 E9
2.2
2.6 1.5 1.9 8.0
18.7
3.3 5.81.7 2.7
1.0 E8 18.1
16.8 2.4
13.7 2.4 6.3
3.8 9.7
5.1 4.0 11.3 E7 21.3
15.6 18.821.021.7
5.7 22.8
6.0
7.3 4.7 7.0 26.3
13.418.9 23.1 26.3
7.6 4.9
8.7
2.8 8.7
6.3
1.95.7 2.5 3.2
9.7
9.1 9.3 E6 6.6
9.0 5.7 8.6
8.7 7.5
7.9
9.4
4.9 8.2 9.0
4.7 7.7
E5'
E4'
Max u: 26.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 26: Curb Truss Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view)
Dead + Live load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 21800mm/720 = 30.3mm

Dead + Live load deflection (global) = 26.3mm
Dead + Live load deflection limit (local) = L/180 = 2960mm/180 = 16.4mm
Dead + Live load deflection (local) = 8.7mm
Page 54 of 65
CO 53: D+L (CLOSED) In Y-direction
1.5
2.2
2.8 3.2
1.90.5
2.7
2.4
1.5
1.0
2.6
1.9 2.5
1.3
1.7
2.4
3.3
3.8
3.5
4.0
5.7
5.8 5.7
6.4 5.7 6.0
8.0 6.3
9.6 7.3 7.6 6.8
10.5
10.4 8.8
8.6
8.7
8.7
9.0
9.1 8.7
9.3
9.7
11.3
6.6 5.1 4.7
4.9
13.0
9.7 4.7
12.1
6.34.9
13.7 15.6 6.6
16.5 7.0
16.8 7.5
18.7 7.9
7.7
8.2 18.1
18.8 9.0
9.4
21.0
13.421.3
21.7
18.9
22.8
23.1
Max u: 26.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Factor of deformations: 200.00 26.3
26.3
Figure 27: Curb Truss Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view)
CO 54: D+L (OPEN) Isometric

3.1
2.9
3.8 4.6
2.4 W22
1.9 2.6 2.8 3.9
1.7 2.0 3.2 4.3
3.9 3.6
0.31.0 3.7 1.4 2.7
1.2 2.3 3.5
5.2 3.7
4.7 2.1 W23 3.2
0.2 3.6 3.1
1.2 4.5
4.0 2.1
0.3 3.9 4.23.0
2.9
0.3 3.9
2.3 W24 3.9
0.4 3.2
0.3
0.5
0.4 0.3 0.3 5.4
3.1 5.1
0.7 4.8
0.3 0.4 0.3
0.5 0.4 6.8
0.3 5.9 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.4 5.5
0.1 0.3 W25 5.2
0.4 0.4 7.3 7.2 6.7 6.6
0.2 0.3 7.4
0.4 6.3 6.2
0.2
0.2
W26 9.6
9.8
9.8
Max u: 9.8, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 28: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view – stacked configuration)


Page 55 of 65
CO 54: D+L (OPEN) In Y-direction
W10
W21
W20
W19
W18
W17
W16
W15
W14
W13
W12
W22
W23
W24
W29
W28
W27
W26
W25
W11
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
E16
E17
E18
W5'
W4'
W3'
W1'
W9
W8
W7
W6
E1'
E3'
E4'
E5'
E6
E7
E8
E9
Y
0.3 2.92.6 3.93.7 1.2

0.3 3.93.7 2.1
0.3 3.9 3.6 3.1
0.3
3.1 4.03.9 2.0 1.4 3.8 4.6 3.9 3.5 3.2
3.2 2.7 2.3
2.4 1.7 1.0 0.4
0.4 0.4
0.4 0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.1 2.8 2.94.7 1.2
0.3
0.2 3.24.5 2.1
0.3
0.2 3.14.2 0.3
0.2
5.2
1.9 2.3 3.6 4.3
3.0
4.8
5.1 5.2
5.4 5.5
5.9
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.8 7.2
7.3
7.4
9.6
9.8
Max u: 9.8, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 29: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view – stacked configuration)
CO 53: D+L (CLOSED) Isometric

2.0
1.5
1.5
1.7
2.4
1.5
2.4 1.3
4.6 1.6
0.8
4.4
1.2
6.5
W5'
0.4
4.9 4.6
1.1
5.5
5.09.5
4.4
4.6
2.5 W6
4.3
9.3
13.3
13.2
Max u: 13.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 30: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (isometric view – closed configuration)


Page 56 of 65
CO 53: D+L (CLOSED) In Y-direction
4.6
4.4 0.8
1.6 4.6 1.71.5 1.3 1.2
2.0 4.9
5.0
5.5
1.6
2.4
2.4
1.5 4.3
4.6
1.1
1.52.5
6.5
0.4
9.3
9.5
Max u: 13.3, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

13.2
13.3
Figure 31: Curb Beam Dead + Live Load Deflections (longitudinal view – closed configuration)
2.9.4 Wind Load Deflection

LC 4: WL (CLOSED) Isometric
0.4
0.4 0.4
1.3
0.4
2.3 1.5
3.2 2.6
3.3
3.3
2.9 3.4 1.7
3.6
3.5
2.0 3.1 3.0 1.8
1.1 3.9
2.3 3.1 W7
0.8
0.3 0.51.3
3.6 4.0
2.2 0.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
W8
2.7 0.6 3.7
3.5
2.5
4.0 1.5 2.8
3.8 W9
4.0 1.5
4.2
4.2 3.0
4.2 4.4
4.1 3.1 W10
4.0 5.0 4.7
4.8
3.5 5.6 4.4
4.7
2.1 4.5 5.4 W11
5.6
0.6 4.0
1.03.9
2.5 6.0
5.0
0.5 6.2 W12
4.0 0.8
6.0
2.8 5.4
W13
4.3
2.9
Max u: 6.2, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 32: Curb Truss Wind Load Deflections (isometric view)
Wind load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 21800mm/720 = 30.3mm

Wind load deflection (global) = 6.2mm
Wind load deflection limit (local) = L/240 = 3000mm/240 = 12.5mm
Wind load deflection (local) = 1.9mm
Page 57 of 65
LC 4: WL (CLOSED) In Y-direction
Global Deformations u 1.1 0.6 0.4
0.8 0.3 0.6
1.0 0.4
0.5
2.0
2.2
2.1 1.3
3.5
3.53.3
3.3 2.9 2.3
4.2
4.24.0
4.0 3.2
1.51.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.9 0.6
0.80.4
0.5
0.8
0.50.4
0.2 4.0
4.0
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.8
3.02.7 1.71.5
5.6 5.0 4.1
4.0
3.9
3.6 3.02.8
1.81.5
3.12.8
2.9
3.1
3.7
4.0
4.4
4.3
5.4
5.4
Max u: 6.2, Min u: 0.0 [mm] 6.0
6.2
Figure 33: Curb Truss Wind Load Deflections (longitudinal view)
LC 4: WL (CLOSED) Isometric
0.5
0.5
0.4 W22
0.3 0.7
0.4 1.0
0.3 0.5 0.7
0.6 0.8
0.3 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2 0.5
0.2 0.1
0.4 0.3 W23
0.1 0.2
0.4 0.5
0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2
0.5 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.5 0.5
0.2
0.4
0.3 0.60.6
0.3 0.5 0.6
0.2 0.3 W24
0.3 0.3 1.0
1.1
0.4 0.8
0.3
W25
W26
Max u: 1.1, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 34: Curb Beam Wind Load Deflections (isometric view)
Wind load deflection limit (global) = L/720 = 9000mm/720 = 12.5mm

Wind load deflection (global) = 1.1mm
Wind load deflection limit (local) = L/240 = 2150mm/240 = 9.0mm
Wind load deflection (local) = 0.5mm
Page 58 of 65
LC 4: WL (CLOSED) In Y-direction
W10
W21
W20
W19
W18
W17
W16
W15
W14
W13
W12
W22
W23
W24
W29
W28
W27
W26
W25
W11
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
E16
E17
E18
W5'
W4'
W3'
W1'
W9
W8
W7
W6
E1'
E3'
E4'
E5'
E6
E7
E8
E9
Y
0.5
0.5
0.40.4 0.30.2 0.1 0.50.5
0.4
0.40.4 0.3
0.30.20.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5
0.5
0.4 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.2
0.4
0.5 0.4
0.5 0.6
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.30.2 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5
0.6 0.3
0.6
0.8
1.1 1.0
Max u: 1.1, Min u: 0.0 [mm]

Figure 35: Curb Beam Wind Load Deflections (longitudinal view)
2.9.5 ULS Maximum Rotations

Maximum ULS rotations are shown hereafter for the rail support beams only. In areas where
the support structure is a curb truss, the maximum rotations in the top chords of the trusses
have been shown. The maximum rotations in the overall model (all members) in each
direction are also noted.
RC 3: Governing All Isometric

0.01
Global Deformations Phi-X

Result Combinations: Max and Min Values
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.06
0.06 -0.01 0.01
0.03
0.01
-0.01
-0.03
-0.04 -0.01
-0.03
-0.01
0.03
-0.02 0.23
W5'
0.02
0.18
-0.01 0.01
-0.18
-0.23 0.02
-0.02
0.01
-0.03
W6
Max Phi-X: 0.23, Min Phi-X: -0.23 [°]

Figure 36: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, x

Page 59 of 65
-0.02
Global Deformations Phi-Y -0.01 0.01
0.01
Result Combinations: Max and Min Values 0.01
-0.11
-0.16
-0.11 -0.03
-0.08
-0.04
-0.05
0.01
0.01 -0.03
-0.01
-0.07 -0.01 0.01
0.02
-0.06
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.03
-0.25
0.02 -0.19
0.02
0.01
-0.25
-0.06 0.01
-0.39
-0.24
-0.40
-0.19 W6
-0.06
Max Phi-Y: 0.08, Min Phi-Y: -0.40 [°]

Figure 37: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, y

Global Deformations Phi-Z
-0.03
0.08
0.07
-0.03
-0.03
0.02 0.06
0.01 0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
E5'
Max Phi-Z: 0.08, Min Phi-Z: -0.07 [°]

Factor of deformations: 1000.00 E4'
Figure 38: Rail Support Beam Maximum ULS Rotations, z

Page 60 of 65
Global Deformations Phi-X
-0.02
-0.03 0.13
-0.02 0.12
-0.02 0.12
-0.02 0.11
-0.020.09
0.09
-0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.03-0.01
0.02 0.01 0.04
-0.07 -0.03
0.02 0.01
-0.06
-0.08 0.02
0.02
-0.07
-0.10 0.02
-0.090.01 W7
-0.11 0.02
-0.10
-0.03 0.08 0.02
W8
-0.030.08
0.28
-0.02
0.06
-0.02 0.26
0.04 0.15 0.19 W9
-0.01
0.02 0.09
0.01 0.04
-0.01
-0.03 W10
-0.04
-0.09
-0.06-0.16 0.01
-0.18
-0.26-0.08 0.02
0.02 W11
-0.28-0.09
0.03
0.03 W12
W13
Max Phi-X: 0.28, Min Phi-X: -0.28 [°]

Figure 39: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, x
RC 3: Governing All -0.04 Isometric

Global Deformations Phi-Y
-0.03
-0.01
0.27
0.14
0.01
0.01
-0.02
-0.03 0.07
0.34 0.02
0.14
-0.01 0.23
0.35
-0.03 0.37 0.13
0.40
0.38 -0.02
0.41
-0.05 0.37 -0.02
-0.04 0.40
-0.06
0.34
-0.05
-0.07 0.35
-0.07 0.28 -0.06

W10
-0.07 -0.07
0.22
-0.07
-0.07 0.16
0.14
-0.06
-0.06 0.15
-0.04 W11
-0.03 -0.04
0.01 -0.03 0.08

-0.02
-0.01
W12
W13
Max Phi-Y: 0.41, Min Phi-Y: -0.13 [°]

Figure 40: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, y

Page 61 of 65
0.06
Global Deformations Phi-Z 0.07
Result Combinations: Max and Min Values -0.01
0.01 -0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
W9
0.14
0.12 0.14
0.08 -0.04
0.01 -0.03 -0.12
0.12 0.03 -0.01 -0.08 -0.03
0.08 0.01
0.13 -0.01 -0.12 -0.08 -0.13
0.03 W10
0.05
-0.15
-0.15
-0.01
W11
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
W12
-0.01
W13
Max Phi-Z: 0.14, Min Phi-Z: -0.15 [°]

Figure 41: Rail Support Truss Maximum ULS Rotations, z
Maximum ULS rotation in x direction for overall curb structure = 0.52˚

Maximum ULS rotation in y direction for overall curb structure = 0.45˚
Maximum ULS rotation in z direction for overall curb structure = 0.47˚
Refer to Mechanical drawings for bogie assembly design movements and rotations. Per the
Structural drawings, any deflections or rotations from the bogie assembly that affect the
skylight structure are to be cambered out.

Page 62 of 65
Appendix A
Reference Documents

Page 63 of 65
AISC 360-10 TABLE B4.1A

Page 64 of 65
AISC 360-10 TABLE B4.1B

Page 65 of 65

TEC-0870R02 - Curb Calculation Package Final PDF

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Deira Mall –

02 Revised January 17, 2020 K. Bassan A. Crosby

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.1 MODEL CONFIGURATION

Figure 1: Partial layout – single beam portion of curb*

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Figure 4: Sample truss segment overall geometry from analytical model

Table 1: Member terminology

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.3 LOADING APPLICATION

2.3.1 Load Case Summary

Table 2: Load Case Legend

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.3.2 Dead Load (D) application

Figure 5: Sample Dead Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.3.3 Wind Load (W) application

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Figure 7: Sample Wind Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration

2.3.4 Live Load (L) application

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Figure 9: Sample Live Load application at long-span trusses in closed configuration

2.3.5 Thermal Load (T) application

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.3.6 Skylight Reactions by Load Case

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

Load Load Combination LC.1 LC.2 LC.3 LC.4

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.6 CROSS-SECTION TYPE CLASSIFICATION

2.6.1 Truss Top Chord (Built-Up Beam)

Top flange thickness; tT = 65 mm

Top flange b/t; bT/tT = 4.23

Bottom flange b/t; bB/tB = 5.00

Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 21.85

2.6.2 Truss Bottom Chord (W310x226)

Top flange thickness; tT = 35.6 mm

Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 10.52

Flange b/t; b/tT = 4.45

2.6.3 Truss Web Verticals and Diagonals (W310x158)

Top flange thickness; tT = 25.1 mm

Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 15.86

Flange b/t; b/tT = 6.18

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.6.4 Truss Horizontal Brace (W360x196)

Top flange thickness; tT = 26.2 mm

Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 17.49

Flange b/t; b/tT = 7.14

2.6.5 Truss Interior Brace (W200x46)

Top flange thickness; tT = 11.0 mm

Web h/tw; hweb/tw = 23.14

Flange b/t; b/tT = 9.23

Deira Mall Retractable Roof File No.: 120840.0001

2.6.6 Single Beam: Rail Support Beam (Built-Up Beam)

Top flange thickness; tT = 65 mm

Top flange b/t; bT/tT = 4.23

Bottom flange b/t; bB/tB = 4.44

Web hc/tw; hc/tw = 27.84