Statistics Chapter 5 Project- Sierra Watts and Sadie Weber

Choosing 2 starbursts from a pack

1. Sample Space: red and pink, red and orange, red and yellow, red and red, pink and pink,
yellow and yellow, orange and orange, pink and red, pink and yellow, pink and orange,
orange and red, orange and yellow, orange and pink, yellow and pink, yellow and red,
yellow and orange.
2. A= red
a. P(red) = ¼ or 25%
b. P(A) tells us what we are measuring in our data, in this case we are finding the
number of red starbursts from a package.
c. 𝐴𝐴 = drawing any color except red
d. P(𝐴𝐴 )= 75% or 3/4
e. What is true about P(A) and P(𝐴𝐴 ) is that both of these data sets will add up to
100%
3. B= yellow
a. P(yellow)= ¼ or 25%
b. P(B) tells us what we are measuring in our data, this time we are measuring the
number of yellow starbursts in the package.
c. 𝐴𝐴 = drawing any color except yellow
d. P(𝐴𝐴 )= ¾ or 75%
e. What is true about P(B) and P(𝐴𝐴 ) is that both of these will add up to 100%
4. A and B
a. For events to be independent means they do not rely on the previous statistics. But
dependent means that the odds of getting one event relies on the previous events.
An example would be drawing a card from an ordinary deck of 52. If you are
placing the card back in the deck after drawing the next person to draw still has a
1/52 chance, so it is independent. But if the preceding drawer kept their card the
person after them has a smaller amount of cards to choose from, making the event
dependent.
b. Our event of drawing two starburst in a row is dependent.
c. We know this because the first starburst drawn will affect the second draw. For
instance, say we draw a pink the first round. Then the odds of selecting another
pink are lower because we just selected one and the pack is only 12 starburst,
making the chances even slimmer.
d. P(red and yellow)= 3/44
e. We knew our event was dependent so we went on our compound probability chart
and found the P(A and B) section then went down to dependent. The dependent
formula is P(A) x P(B| A).
f. This value means that there is a smaller chance of getting A and B then just
getting one or the other in our original scenario.
 g. If our two events depended on each other P(B|A) or P(A|B) means that in the first
one, a yellow starbursts was pulled out and it’s given that a red one was also
chosen from the bag. While the second one means a red starbursts was drawn
from the package and because of this it’s given that a yellow one was too.
5. A or B
a. For two events to be mutually exclusive means the events can coincide. This
means you can either get A, B, or A and B. Meaning you meet the criteria for both
events.
b. Our event is mutually exclusive.
c. We know our event of drawing two starburst is mutually exclusive because you
cannot overlap when it comes to choosing starbursts.
d. P(A or B) = ½
e. To decide which formula to use you have to determine if your data is mutually
exclusive or not. Since our data set isn’t we would use the formula P(A) + P(B) -
P(A and B).
f. This value means that you have a higher chance of getting red or yellow than
getting red and yellow.
g. The significance of P(A and B) when not mutually exclusive is that the two
datasets cannot overlap. You can get one or the other, but not both. Leaving no
overlap and a simple probability of A and B.

Part two
The multiplication rule of counting
a. The multiplication rule of counting is a formula used to find the total number of
outcomes/possibilities for a topic.
b. It’s used to find the total number of possibilities.
c. For example, if someone had 5 shirts 3 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes you
would multiple 5x3x2 to find the total number of outfits that could be created.
The answer would be 30.
Permutation
a. Permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard to the
order of the arrangement.
b. What makes it different from combination is the order in permutation matters.
c. It’s used to find the number of possibilities for a specific arrangement of data.
𝐴!
d. Different ways to calculate it is to use the formula 𝐴(𝐴, 𝐴) = (𝐴−𝐴)!or you could
use your calculator. To do this you type the n, go to math probability then nPr, hit
enter, then type in the r value and you’ll get an answer.
 e. Find the number of words that can be formed, with or without meaning, from the
word CHAIR. You would us 5! To solve this. 5x4x3x2x1= 120. Therefore, 120
different words can be formed from the word chair.

Combination
a. Combination is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects where the order
does not matter.
b. What makes it different from permutation is the order does not matter with
combination.
c. It’s used to find the total number of different arrangements in a data set.
d. Different methods used to find this is the combination formula which is
𝐴!
𝐴(𝐴, 𝐴) = or you could use the same steps you used to find
𝐴!(𝐴−𝐴)!
permutations on a calculator but instead of clicking nPr you would select nCr.
e. Picking a team of 3 people from a group of 10. The equation set up would look
10!
like 𝐴(10,3) = (7!𝐴3!) the answer is 120 different ways to make a group of 3
people choosing from a group of 10.

Summary
The simple event A in our project was the first color we wanted to draw from a pack of
starbursts. Our simple event A was red with a probability of 25%. Therefore, making the
complement of A = 75%. While our simple event B, the second color we wanted to draw from
the pack, was yellow. The probability for event B was the exact same as event A due to the
starburst pack of 12 containing three of each color. Nonetheless, our event B probability was ¼
and the complement was ¾.
Our compound event A and B was dependent. It was dependent because when we draw
the first starburst we keep it out of the package so there is a greater chance of the other colors
being drawn and a less chance that the one color will be drawn again. In our situation P(A and B)
was P(red and yellow)= 3/44 or 6.8%. This means that there is a 50% chance that yellow and red
will be drawn. If our two events depended on each other P(B|A) or P(A|B) means that in the first
one, a yellow starbursts was pulled out and it’s given that a red one was also chosen from the
bag. While the second one means a red starbursts was drawn from the package and because of
this it’s given that a yellow one was too. P or B as a compound event was mutually exclusive.
When we found P(A or B) we found that there was a 3/44 or 6.8% chance of either a red or
yellow being drawn from the package.
The multiplication rule of counting is a formula used to find the total number of
outcomes/possibilities for a topic. The multiplication rule of counting is used to find the total
number of possibilities in a situation.An example of this would be if someone had 5 shirts 3 pairs
of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes you would multiple 5x3x2 to find the total number of outfits that
could be created. The answer would be 30.
Permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard to the order
of the arrangement. The major difference between permutation and combination is the order
given in each dataset. Permutation is used to find the number of possibilities for a specific
arrangement of data. While combination is used to find the total number of different
arrangements in a data set. We defined combination as an arrangement of all or part of a set of
objects where the order does not matter. Permutation and combination obtain a few similarities
and differences especially when it comes to equations. To calculate permutation use the formula
𝐴!
𝐴(𝐴, 𝐴) = (𝐴−𝐴)!or go to math probability on your calculator and press nPr, hit enter, then type
in the r value and you’ll get an answer. However, to calculate combination you use𝐴(𝐴, 𝐴) =
𝐴!
or the calculator again, but instead of nPr you select nCr. Lastly, examples of each
𝐴!(𝐴−𝐴)!
method are as follows. Find the number of words that can be formed, with or without meaning,
from the word CHAIR. Since chair has 5 letters you use 5! to solve. Which is 5x4x3x2x1= 120.
Therefore, 120 different words can be formed from the word chair. Next, an example of
combination would be selecting a team of 3 people from a group of 10. The equation set up
10!
would look like 𝐴(10,3) = (7!𝐴3!) the answer is 120 different ways to make a group of 3 people
choosing from a group of 10.
In conclusion, the odds of selecting a certain color starbursts from the original pack of 12
would be equally likely for every color, since there are three of each color inside a package. But
once one color is taken out and kept the probability of drawing the next color is higher. This is
due to independent and dependent events. Each color obtains the same chances unless starbursts
are removed. We also found that you are more likely to draw A or B other than A and B. This is
because A and B has a specific order to it compared to A or B.