lm¡¡¡-r,c IEEE STD

OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS

L42-L972

Table 10
Formulas for Calculation of Besistances to Ground*f

Hemisphere
v radius o
_p
Zra

One ground rod

a
length Z, radius a R= # ( ' "*- ,
aa
Two ground rods
s > Z;'ípacing s *=#("?-').,*'('
-#.# )
aa
TVo ground rods
s < ¿; spacing s r=#(.T.^*-2,h-*,-#F )
[umrg Buried horizontal wire
R =J-(h!L *¡!L -2+ s s2
€u]c- length 2 L, depth s12 - * "n, ...\
4rL \ a s ZL I6L2 572L4 /
@mffi
oa Right-angle turn of wire
L length of arm L, depth s12
= * ¡' 3! - 0.23?3
+ o.2146!+ 0.r03b
'; -r . r ^r ^*
]IÚ E hF+ )
-
ruh Three-point star p l ,2L.,2L s
., = + In-+ .^- - *3 *4
length of arm l, depth s/2 -_ u,¿tr; - * g Za8ft
1.071- O.ZO9 0.05 4-
TE )
lfrrr ¡¡-
chff-
+ Four-point star
length of arm L, depth sl2 R = -t-(" ?t nLt 2.s12-1.071 o,unu -. r*
l* É É )
Six-point star
* length of arm ,L, depth s/2 * =#,("? 6.8b1
- B.r28L+
1.7b81_0.4104
¡ril
-^?+ )
fi¡0t

Mrd-
x Eight-point star
length of arm 1,, depth s/2 . =
É*r('" ?
. - 5.r1L+ s.r6s*- r rr*
^?+10.e8 )
md
o Ring of wire
diameter of ring D, diameter
of wire d, depth s/2
*=#(,"#.'"3)
mndr-
Buried horizontal strip
length 2L, section a by b,
deplhs12,b<a18
*=-!-(*?.m.r,g_ | *:__
#. # )
I md Bur ied hor izontal r ound pl ate
(r- 7 o'*¡goo...t
¡
I
@ radius a, depth s/2 R =J*!
8a 4"s \- 12 sz 40 sa )

t
Buried vertical round plate P ( r ,7 a2- 99o4
radius o, depih s/2 n=!+ - SZ O
"
ti Fc 8o 4'" \' U { )
" '-

iSee Ref 1.
¡m o{
fApproximate formulas including effects of images. Dimensions must be in centimeters
i|rre to give resistance in ohms.
p = resistivity of eath in ohms p"" lttIo ¡ms ¡.
"-3
cm be
ú, r$