TLK 409 PLI

How Primary Clarifiers Work

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=bBS2UcYaSOM
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hi John here in this video we're going see these items installed in sewage
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to look at a primary clarifier treatment plants water treatment plants
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specifically we're going to have a look pulp and paper plants mining facilities
00:08 outlet zone the settling zone is where
at a circular primary clarifier I can 01:24
00:11 and anywhere else where there's a large
explain to you how it works we'll look 01:26
00:13 amount of water that needs to be treated
at all of the main components and then 01:29
00:16 prior to being discharged into the
we'll look at some of the factors that 01:31
00:17 environment all been recirculated and
might affect clarifier performance 01:34
00:21 reused again I'm going to now pause the
clarifiers 01:36
00:22 animation and we're going to look at how
are used in a water treatment process 01:40
00:24 it works so let's go all the way down to
known as sedimentation separating solids 01:45
00:28 the bottom we can see here we've got an
from a liquid using only gravity can be 01:47
00:31 influence the influence is where the
done in a sedimentation basin or a 01:51
00:34 liquid the fluid will enter into the
settling tank however if we use 01:54
00:36 primary clarifier so we can think of
mechanical means to assist the 01:57
00:38 this as being a inlet or intake notice
separation of solids from liquid then we 02:01
00:41 it's in the center the primary clarifier
refer to the Associated machine as a 02:03
00:43 sometimes it will be around the
clarifier 02:05
00:48 periphery or will enter from the outside
so let's now have a look at how the 02:09
00:50 circumference of the clarifier to see if
whole thing works we can see now we've 02:13
00:53 we can get in through the center see
got our circular primary clarifier it's 02:16
00:56 we're coming up now and as we come up do
called a primary clarifier because it's 02:19
00:58 a little spin you can see we are now
the first initial stage of treatment we 02:22
01:02 inside the primary clarifier what's
refer to this as primary treatment or a 02:26
01:04 going to happen now is we're going to
primary clarifier and after this stage 02:29
01:07 pass through these channels these ports
the liquid being handled 02:33
01:09 and we're now inside the main body of
we'll go for secondary treatment most 02:35
01:11 the clarifier the main section where the
likely in a secondary clarifier going to
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water would enter we've got here a the velocity of the influent down once
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baffle plate this is actually referred the velocities been slowed down we can
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to as an energy dissipating Inlet I'm split the clarifier into three zones got
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going to zoom out so we can get a higher here unless i'm quite a settling zone
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view I think it's a lot easier to see which is I go to the side here roughly
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what's happening so here you can see we going to be from where our Inlet zone
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came in through the port here we entered ends to the outer wall which is our
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into the clarifier and we hit this wall outlet zone the settling zone is where
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here this baffle which is cool the solids will gradually separate from
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energy dissipating Inlet notice that the liquid due to the force of gravity
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summer of the liquid would flow out this and also because we slowed down the
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way and some of it would flow downwards velocity the solids that are heavier
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the idea with the EDI is simply that we than the liquid will sink to the bottom
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want to slow the velocity of the liquid of a clarifier and these will be
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down because if we can slow the velocity collected by a rake or a plow some
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of the liquid down it's going to settle people you say rakes on people say plow
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out a lot quicker and this means we're we can see the rake arm is here and then
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going to be able to separate these are we've got a scrapers and the scraper
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suspended solids from the liquid so blades are these items here there's one
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essentially if we can slow down the two three and it's the scraper blades
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velocity and let gravity do its work job to scrape the sludge off the bottom
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then we're going to be able to separate of the clarifier
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the solids from the liquid a lot faster the settleable solids that accumulate on
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and this means we can have a higher flow the bottom of the clarifier are referred
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rate through the clarifier which means to as sludge however there are also
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we're getting more use of the clarifier other types of solids and we refer to
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for our money so it's increased these as floatable solids and these will
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efficiency and increased capacity so accumulate on the surface of the water
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let's have a look now at what happens as scum
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after that we can see we've got another so we have the scraper blades on the
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baffle plate here again this is to slow bottom which form part of the plow or
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the rake and these will rotate as going to discharge scum to a scum trough
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they're doing now they will scrape the 07:19
05:43 just zoom in here if I push play we'll
sludge and the sludge will then be 07:23
05:46 be able to see this might take a while
gradually discharged from one scraper to 07:25
05:49 fritz come around see it's coming around
the other into a sludge pit see the 07:29
05:53 you've got to imagine that the water
sludge pit is here it's a hole in the 07:30
05:56 line is about roughly where the scraper
ground and that sludge will come around 07:34
05:58 is or where the scum scraper is just
you can see now the scraper blade zoom 07:36
06:02 pause it will zoom in a bit more and
out so you can see labels scrape the 07:38
06:05 here it comes here comes the scum
glady coming around the sludge is gonna 07:41
06:07 scraper and then when it impacts with
be pushed gradually along and when it 07:47
06:10 the scum trough notice the scrape has
gets to the center sludge he's going to 07:50
06:12 been pushed up slightly now and it's
be discharged into the sludge pit from 07:54
06:15 going to discharge into the scum trough
the sludge pit the sludge is simply 07:58
06:19 you can see there's a little hole here
sucked out and it will be taken for 08:00
06:22 and from there we can then get rid of
further treatment this sludge discharged 08:04
06:26 the scum so we've got rid of the scum
this was our influent through the center 08:07
06:30 which usually just looks like very thin
and if we go to the top we talked about 08:10
06:33 bubbles that you would have in a bath
settleable solids which accumulate to 08:12
06:36 although quite often it smells a little
form sludge but what we also talked 08:14
06:38 bit funky whereas the sludge is far more
about with floatable solids which 08:17
06:40 dense that's why the heavier settleable
accumulate to form scum now we need to 08:19
06:43 solids that sink down and the lighter
get rid of this scum as well so if our 08:22
06:45 floatable solids float up and you will
water line was about here you could see 08:25
06:49 see this because the scum is quite light
that what we have for collecting scum is 08:27
06:52 and fluffy and looks a bit like bubbles
this long piece here and this will push 08:30
06:57 you would have in the bath whereas the
the scum outwards radially to outside 08:32
07:02 sludge is very thick and heavy and
periphery of the clarifier and then we 08:34
07:06 that's because its density is far
have a scum skimmer this is item here 08:37
07:12 greater than the liquid in which it was
we'll come around it rotates and we're
08:39
suspended so by a decrease in the 10:09
08:42 to be notched we're you can see it's the
velocity and using the force of gravity 10:15
08:45 shape here and here
were able to separate not only the 10:20
08:48 we are using the weir to allow a thin
floatable solids which form scum but 10:24
08:51 film of clean water through the weir and
also the settleable solids which form 10:28
08:54 this cleaned water remember we've
sludge now in order to stop any of the 10:31
08:57 removed now approximately 90 to 95
scum going to our clean water outlet 10:34
09:00 percent of the settleable solids and
which we call the effluent we have a 10:36
09:03 approximately forty to sixty percent of
scum baffle scum battle is this item 10:38
09:07 the suspended solids so the water now is
here where my mouse is now now the scum 10:40
09:13 quite clean and this cleaned liquid is
baffle it might not be vertically 10:44
09:14 known as the effluent and we're going to
inclined it may be horizontal inclined 10:47
09:17 pass into this channel here so we've
it may be slightly inclined downwards 10:50
09:19 gone through the weir as a thin film of
there are different designs here we've 10:52
09:22 water so the water level is going to be
used a vertical scum battle and the scum 10:54
09:25 about this high the weir itself can be
will essentially 10:56
09:26 adjusted lowered or raised depending on
accumulator around bow this high here 10:58
09:32 where you want it so the water is
and we're stopping or preventing the 11:01
09:36 flowing through and now we are in our
scum from going the other side of the 11:03
09:38 effluent launder this and launder and
scum baffle and reaching our we're well 11:09
09:42 we're going to need to get the effluent
this is how we're here this is called a 11:10
09:45 out and in order to do that come around
v-notched we're I'll zoom around so you 11:13
09:47 here you can see on zoom in again just
can also see the labels as well as what 11:16
09:49 so you can see the labels there is that
I'm talking about so here we've got a 11:19
09:53 effluent launder so we've gone under the
v-notched we're that's this item 11:22
09:59 scum baffle through the weir we have a
we are also available in different 11:25
10:01 very clean liquid now it's in the
designs although the v-notched is one of 11:27
10:04 launder then it's going to flow around
the most common if not the most common 11:30
10:07 discharged to a pipe here and we're
we zoom in you can see what it's called 11:36
going to send it off for further
11:37 clarifier because we need to
treatment so it will flow out and then 12:55
11:40 separate smaller and smaller solids and
we are out of the clarifier as a clean 12:58
11:43 in order to do this will increase the
liquid I say for further treatment this 13:00
11:47 detention time and increase the cross
depends upon what you're treating and 13:02
11:49 sectional area of the clarifier
how clean it needs to be primary care 13:09
11:52 so let's just do a short recap and then
fires are very very good at separating 13:12
11:54 we can have a look at some of the
solids from a liquid up to specific 13:14
11:58 performance characteristics very briefly
sizes when you have very very small 13:18
12:01 here is our influent so the influent
particles or solids suspended in liquid 13:22
12:05 is entering through the bottom through
then we refer to these as poloidal 13:24
12:07 the center remember we can also have an
solids and these are too small to be 13:26
12:09 influence that enters from the outside
separated out in a primary clarifier so 13:28
12:12 periphery
in order to separate them out we're 13:29
12:15 I'm not going to zoom off through the
going to send the effluent off the 13:31
12:16 part this time we'll just go up you can
further treatment and the most likely 13:33
12:18 see now we're coming up through the
next step is going to be a secondary 13:35
12:20 center pipe and then influent is going
clarifier the secondary clarifier may 13:38
12:24 to come out at the top of the tower and
have a larger diameter and the primary 13:42
12:27 it's going to be discharged to the
clarifier that we're looking at now and 13:45
12:29 energy dissipating Inlet that's going to
it's very likely to have a longer 13:48
12:32 slow the velocity of the influent down
in time the detention time or retention 13:51
12:35 we're also going to use a baffle plate
time is the amount of time the liquid 13:53
12:38 here to slow the velocity down still
spends within the clarifier for a 13:56
12:41 further and then the influence is in a
primary clarifier like the one we're 13:58
12:43 settling zone so we're going to start to
looking at now the detention time is 14:01
12:45 separate out the influent using the
going to be between 1 to 2 hours for a 14:04
12:48 force of gravity and by slowing down its
secondary clarifier we need to have a 14:07
12:50 velocity once we've done that the
longer detention time and we may have a 14:10
12:52 settleable solids are going to fall to
larger 14:12
the bottom and accumulate as sludge and
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this sludge is going to be gathered up pipe and that is essentially how we
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by a rake or plow and it's going to be separate the solids on an industrial
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discharged to a sludge pit a floatable scale from a liquid like I say you'll
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solids are going to accumulate on the see these at water treatment plants
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surface on the surface of the liquid and sewage treatment plants mining
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these are going to be gathered up by a facilities pulp and paper mills anywhere
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scum skimmer this is all the way along where you have a large volume of water
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here and we have a skimmer here and that that you either want to clean before you
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is going to discharge the scum to dis discharge it to the environment or
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come trough as we saw earlier so now recirculate and reuse again in the
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we've continuously removed the scum you process remember water isn't cheap
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can actually see the pipe where it will you'll often be charged for the amount
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be discharged out of the clarifier and of water that you'll draw in from a lake
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we've continuously removed the sludge or a river so in order to cut costs you
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we're going to have the remaining liquid need to reduce the amount of water that
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that flows underneath the scum baffle so you use in from the lake or the river
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under this section here it's going to and if you can recirculate and reuse the
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come up here and then it is going to water even better because remember in a
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flow as a thin film of water through our lot of countries you're not allowed just
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v-notched we're the item machine on the to dump the water back into the river or
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left side now will flow through and then the lake you have to cool it down first
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we are in effluent launder and the you have to slow the velocity down
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effluent there's a lot of environmental factors
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is going to be discharged through a pipe that need to be taken into account
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and that pipe is around this side of the before you can just send the water back
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clarifier and we can see that here that from where you've got it so rather than
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is a effluent outlet as I the effluent have to jump for all these legal hoops
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the clean liquid will flow out of this it's a lot easier just to recirculate
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the water you have save the money and
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not have any environmental legal to be as uniform as possible especially
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liabilities or at least have reduced within the settling zone if we have
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liabilities areas of a clarifier where the velocity
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if we're talking about efficiency or is far greater than other areas then
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performance of the clarifier and we're what we're going to get is a lot more
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going to be talking about the surface flow through this high velocity area and
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overflow rate which is the flow rate this means we're going to get very
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going into the clarifier or the influent little settling we're only going to get
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flow rate divided by the cross sectional settling occurring on the outer
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area of the clarifier we can also look periphery or away from this high
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at the weir overflow rate which is the velocity area and this is known as short
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flow rate going into the clarifier and circuiting so in order to avoid this
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we'll divide that by the length of that short-circuit situation we need to
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weir these are some of the common ratios ensure the clarifier remains clean in
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that are used to measure how well a order that it can operate at its optimal
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clarifier is performing you want to condition
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avoid things like growth on the weir so that's how a primary clarifier works
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which sometimes manifests itself as if you liked this video please do share
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algae almost looks a little bit like or like it on social media it really
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seaweed because any changes to the flow does help us out and allows me to
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characteristics within the clarifier may produce more and more content and if
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cause something which they refer to as you'd like to see many more engineering
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short-circuit this means you get a related tutorials then go to the video
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highly irregular velocity flow path description area and there you'll see a
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through the clarifier now remember we number of links to our online video
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want the velocity to be slowed down as courses and if you click on those links
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much as possible and we want the you'll be able to purchase them for a
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velocity throughout the entire clarifier discount price thanks very much for your
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time
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[Music]