Skeletal System

Prepared By: Nicole Corral, Erik Lavina, and Readz Rugasan

What is a Skeletal System?

The framework of the body, consisting of bones and

other connective tissues, which protects and
supports the body tissues and internal organs. The
human skeleton contains 206 bones, six of which are
the tiny bones of the middle ear (three in each ear)
that function in hearing.
Our bodies are supported by the skeletal system,
which consists of bones that are connected by
tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The skeleton not
only helps us move, but it's also involved in the
production of blood cells and the storage of calcium.
The teeth are also part of the skeletal system, but
they aren't considered bones.
Functions of the Skeletal System

Support - framework that supports body and cradles

its soft organs
Protection - for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain
Movement - bones act as levers for muscles
Mineral storage - calcium & phosphate
Blood cell formation - hematopoiesis
Classification of Bones
 Long Bones - The major bones of the arms (humerus,
radius, and ulna) and the legs (the femur, tibia, and fibula)
are all long bones.
 Short Bones - include all of the metacarpals and phalanges
in the hands, the metatarsals and phalanges in the feet, and
the clavicle (collarbone).
 Flat Bones - scapula (wingbone), the ribs, and the sternum
(breastbone).
 Irregular Bones - bones in the vertebral column, the carpal
bones in the hands, tarsal bones in the feet, and the patella
(kneecap).
Two distinctive parts of the Skeletal
System:
the Axial Skeleton and the Appendicular Skeleton.
Axial Skeleton

with a total of 80 bones

consists of the vertebral column, the rib cage and the
skull.
transmits the weight from the head, the trunk and
the upper extremities down to the lower extremities
at the hip joints, which help humans maintain our
upright posture.
Appendicular Skeleton

has a total of 126 bones

formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the
pelvic girdle and the lower limbs
functions are to make walking, running and other
movement possible and to protect the major organs
responsible for digestion, excretion and
reproduction.
Diseases related to the Skeletal System

The primary skeletal conditions are metabolic bone

diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and a
few other rarer conditions.
Osteoporosis

Means “porous bones”

a medical condition in which the bones become
brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a
result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium
or vitamin D which makes them weak, brittle, and
susceptible to fractures.
Most common parts where fracture occurs are hips,
spine, and wrists.
will develop when bone resorption occurs too quickly
or when replacement occurs too slowly. Osteoporosis
is more likely to develop if you did not reach optimal
peak bone mass during your bone-building years.
Bone Fracture
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Facts:

The skeletal system is also susceptible to breaks,

strains and fractures. While bones are meant to
protect the body’s vital organs, it takes about 10 to
16 pounds of pressure to break an average bone.
Bones such as the skull and femur are much tougher
to break.
Orthopedics is the medical specialty responsible for
treating entire skeletal system.
References:

 http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24396
 http://www.livescience.com/22537-skeletal-system.html
 http://www.slideshare.net/rajkamble/human-skeletal-system-movement-and-
locomotion?qid=46cabd3a-c5f6-4a71-a3cd-
fc431e9bfd0b&v=&b=&from_search=1
 https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/