PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prelims Handout

Communication
- Latin : “Communicare” = to share
- Imparting or exchanging of information/news
- Two-way process: feedback is needed in order to assess the effectiveness of the
communication

I. Components of Communication

6
Context
1 4 3 2
Sender Channel Message Channel Receiver

5
Feedback

1. Sender - a person who initiates the process by sending the message. A sender makes
use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the
required response.

2. Receiver - a person for whom the message is intended / aimed / targeted. The degree to
which the decoder understands the message is dependent upon various factors such as
knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of
encoder on decoder.

3. Message – the pre-requisite of the communication process. It is the key idea that the
sender wants to communicate. It is a sign that elicits the response of recipient.
Communication process begins with deciding about the message to be conveyed. It
must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear.

4. Channel - a means used to exchange / transmit the message. The choice of appropriate
medium of communication is essential for making the message effective and correctly
interpreted by the recipient.

5. Feedback - the main component of communication process as it permits the sender to

analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct
 interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or
non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.).

6. Context - Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This context
may be physical, social, chronological or cultural.

II. Types of Communication

A. According to Mode
1. Verbal – the use of sounds and words to express yourself

2. Non – verbal – the behavior and
elements of speech. It includes
pitch, speed, tone and volume of
voice, gestures and facial
expressions, body posture,
stance, and proximity to the
listener, eye movements and
contact, and dress and
appearance.
3. Visual - the transmission of
information and ideas using
symbols and imagery.
B. According to Context
1. Intrapersonal – a reflective means
of communicating with oneself.
How to read body language tips
Positive body language:
 Moving or leaning closer to you
 Relaxed, uncrossed limbs
 Long periods of eye contact
 Looking down and away out of shyness
 Genuine smiles
Negative body language:
 Moving or leaning away from you
 Crossed arms or legs
 Looking away to the side
 Feet pointed away from you, or towards
and exit
 Rubbing/scratching their nose, eyes, or
the back of their neck

2. Interpersonal – an interactive exchange of messages between two

persons.

3. Group – an expanded communication among three or more involved

persons with common intentions

4. Organizational – a highly structured communication among persons in the

same professional environment with common specialized intentions. The
ff. are the various flows of formal organizational communication:
a. Downward – from superior to subordinate
b. Upward – from subordinate to superior
c. Horizontal – between/among persons belonging to the same level but
from different coordinating departments
d. Crosswise – between/among persons from different levels and
department

5. Mass/Extended – involves the use of electronic media with the intention

of massive coverage in communication
 6. Intercultural – an exchange between/among people from different
linguistic, ethnic, religious, social, and professional backgrounds

C. According to Purpose and Style

1. Formal – A type of verbal presentation or document intended to share
information and which conforms to established professional rules,
standards and processes and avoids using slang terminology.

2. Informal – Also known as “grapevine”. The casual and unofficial form of

communication wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously
between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official
rules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command.

III. General Principles of Effective Communication

1. Know your purpose in communicating

2. Know your topic.
3. Know your audience.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.
5. Work on the feedback given to you. Be specific and timely.
6. Observe the 7C’s of communication:
a. Be clear with your message and intentions.
b. Be concise – use simple and brief statements.
c. Be correct – observe grammatical rules. Ensure your claims are true.
d. Be concrete – support your claims with enough facts.
e. Be coherent – ideas should be connected to one another and related to the
topic.
f. Be complete – include all necessary and relevant information
g. Be courteous – use a friendly tone
7. Be natural. Use appropriate gestures when speaking.

Communication and Globalization

Globalization
- Interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
- The process by which people and goods move easily across borders.
- The integration of markets, trade, and investments with few geographical and cultural
barriers.

Origin of Globalization
- Although globalization boomed at the rise of steam-powered engines and
electronic technologies, intercultural trade was already practiced during the early
 civilizations. Examples are: Silk Road (China and Europe), Barter Trade (South-east
Asian kingdoms), and Galleon Trade (Philippines and Mexico).

Driving Forces of Globalization

1. Technology
2. Internet
3. Bulk transportations

Pros of Globalization Cons of Globalization

- Poverty alleviation because of
expanded livelihood opportunities
- Higher competency standards
- Cooperation between nations in order
to achieve world-wide issues
- Hurts the local businesses
- If done poorly, it will lead to natural,
social and political disaster
- Increases the gap between the
poorest and richest nations
- Operates mostly in the interest of rich
countries.
- World-wide illegal trade