A.

Data
Strap footing for two square columns
axial loads of 900 kN and 1200 kN with a c/c spacing of 6m
Column A = 0.4 X 0.4 =
Column B = 0.5 X 0.6 =
Load on Column A = 900 KN
Load on Column B = 1200 KN
C/c distance between columns = 6m
distance of property line from the left face of column = 0.5 m
Bearing pressure of soil = 140 KN/m2
Assume weight of footing and earth above is 10% of the total loads carried by the columns.
Grade of Concrete = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel = 415 Mpa
Let
Thethe width
values of footings
of B1 and be B1 and B2 respectively.
B2should be such that the C.G of the footing coincides with the C.G of the column loads.
Length of footing under A = B1 and length of footing under B= B2 centrally arranged under A and B(square footings).

= 16.5 m2
Let x distance of C.G of loads from center of column B, as given by

= 2.57 m
If x is also the distance of C.G of areas from the center of column B, we have

Area of footing under column A, B12 = 6.911938 width B1 = 2.4 m

Area of footing under column B, B2 =2
9.588062 width B2 = 3.3 m
or, 2.57 = 2.53056159

Net upward soil pressure intensity is given by

= 190.9091 KN/m2
A. Design of Footing Slab for Column B: Let the width of strap beam = 400 mm
Cantilever projection beyond the beam is a = =1/2 *(3.3 - .5) 1.4 m
Maximum bending moment, M = po*a /2 =2
187.0909

= 143.322651 mm

Keeping the cover to the center of the steel = 60 mm

Overall depth, D = 203.3227 mm
However keep D = 300 mm and d = 240 mm
 Ast = 2298.615 mm2
Use 16 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 201.0619 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required = 12
spacing of long bars = 275 mm
Use 11
As per (IS: 456–2000 (2000)), the 16 mmsteel
HYSD dia. reinforcement
Bars for longitudinal reinforcement
in either direction in @ 275 mm c/c.

footings shall not be less than 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area (B2d).
Therefore distribution reinforcement = 950.4 mm2
Use 10 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 78.53982 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required = 13
spacing of long bars = 253.8462 mm
Use 11 16 mm dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 250 mm c/c.
C. Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams for Strap Beam:
Upward load w per meter run on the strap beams is given by
w1 = 458.1818 KN/m
w2 = 630 KN/m
Downward load of column A = w1 = 3375 KN/m
Downward load of column B = w2 = 3600 KN/m

SF at the inner face of column A, at A =

F1 = 1167 KN
SF at the edge of footing D =
F2 = 250 KN

SF at the edge of footing B2, at E =

F3 = 250 KN
SF at the inner face of column B, at F =
F4 = -632 KN
SF at the outer face of column B, at C =
F5 = 853 KN
or F5 = 882 KN 29
In the range EF shear force is zero at a distance x from F and its value is given by
x= 3m 1.00227026 2.52
2.5 Do goal seek here.
The hogging bending moment is maximum at this section, its value given by
M1 = 405 KNm
Bending moment at the edge D is given by
M2 = -1650.44 KNm
Bending moment at the outer face of column B is given by
M3 = 617.4 KNm
quare footings).
A. Data
Strap footing for two square columns
axial loads of 900 kN and 1200 kN with a c/c spacing of 6m
Column A = 0.3 X 0.3 =
Column B = 0.4 X 0.4 =
Load on Column A = 600 KN
Load on Column B = 900 KN
C/c distance between columns = 5m
distance of property line from the left face of column = 0m
Bearing pressure of soil = 120 KN/m2
Assume weight of footing and earth above is 10% of the total loads carried by the columns.
Grade of Concrete = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel = 415 Mpa
Let the width of footings be L1 and L2 respectively.
The values of L1 and L2 should be such that the C.G of the footing coincides with the C.G of the column loads.
Length of footing under A = L1 and length of footing under B= L2 centrally arranged under A and B(square footings).
B x (L1 +L2) = 13.75 m2
Let the width of both footings be 2.5 m
L1 + L2 = 5.5 m
Let x distance of C.G of loads from center of column B, as given by

= 2.00 m
If x is also the distance of C.G of areas from the center of column B, we have
B x L1 ( l + b1/2 - L2/2)
= B x (L1 + L2)

length of footing under column A L1 = 2.8688004654

Length of footing under column B, L2 = 2.6311995346 length L1 =
or, 2.00 = 2.0000235 length L2 =

Net upward soil pressure intensity is given by

= 109.0909 KN/m2
A. Design of Footing Slab for Column B: Let the width of strap beam = 400 mm
Cantilever projection beyond the beam is a = 1.05 m
Maximum bending moment, M = po*a2/2 = 60.136363636 KNm

= 93.356387 mm

Keeping the cover to the center of the steel = 60 mm

Overall depth, D = 153.3563871396 mm
However keep D = 300 mm and d = 240 mm
 Ast = 711.8710264665 mm2
Use 16 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 201.0619 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required = 5
spacing of long bars = 500 mm
Use 11 16 mm dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement
As per (IS: 456–2000 (2000)), the HYSD steel reinforcement in either direction in @ 500

footings shall not be less than 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area (B2d).
Therefore distribution reinforcement = 720 mm2
Use 10 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 78.53982 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required = 10
spacing of long bars = 250 mm
Use 11 16 mm dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 250
C. Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams for Strap Beam:
Upward load w per meter run on the strap beams is given by
w1 = 272.7272727273 KN/m
w2 = 272.7272727273 KN/m
Downward load of column A = w1 = 2000 KN/m
Downward load of column B = w2 = 2250 KN/m

SF at the inner face of column A, at A =

F1 = 518 KN
SF at the edge of footing D =
F2 = -218 KN

SF at the edge of footing B2, at E =

F3 = -218 KN
SF at the inner face of column B, at F =
F4 = -505 KN
SF at the outer face of column B, at C =
F5 = 286 KN
or F5 = 286 KN 0
In the range CD, shear force is zero at a distance x from inner face of column A and its value is given by
x= m 1.8089712 0.42
0.4 Do goal seek here.
The hogging bending moment is maximum at this section, its value given by
M1 = -569 KNm
Bending moment at the edge D is given by
M2 = -483 KNm
Bending moment at the outer face of column B is given by
M3 = 150 KNm

Let the point of contraflexure occur at x2 from point F, x2 = 1.68

Mx2 = 0 0.00
Shear force at point of contraflxure is given by, F6 = 443 KN
Depth of Strap Beam
uare footings).

3.0 m
2.5 m
mm c/c.

mm c/c.
A. Data
Strap footing for two square columns
axial loads of 900 kN and 1200 kN with a c/c spacing of 6m
Column A = 0.3 X 0.3 =
Column B = 0.3 X 0.3 =
Load on Column A = 650
Load on Column B = 730
C/c distance between columns = 3.96
distance of property line from the left face of column = 0
Bearing pressure of soil = 150
Assume weight of footing and earth above is 10% of the total loads carried by the columns.
Grade of Concrete = 20
Grade of Steel = 500
Let the width of footings be B
The values of L1 and L2 should be such that the C.G of the footing coincides with the C.G of the column loads.
Length of footing under A = L1 and length of footing under B= L2 centrally arranged under A and B(square footings).
B x (L1 +L2) = 10.12 m2
Let the width of both footings be 2m
L1 + L2 = 5.06 m
Let x distance of C.G of loads from center of column B, as given by

= 1.87 m
If x is also the distance of C.G of areas from the center of column B, we have
B x L1 ( l + b1/2 - L2/2)
= B x (L1 + L2)

length of footing under column A L1 = 3.0482722033

Length of footing under column B, L2 = 2.0117277967 length L1 =
or, 1.87 = 1.8700102 length L2 =

Net upward soil pressure intensity is given by

= 136.363636364 KN/m2
A. Design of Footing Slab for Column A/B: Let the width of strap beam = 500
Cantilever projection beyond the beam is a = 0.85
Maximum bending moment, M = po*a2/2 = 49 KNm
d= 134 mm
Keeping cover to centre of steel = 60 mm, D = 194 mm
Keep D = 220 mm so that d = 160 mm
Ast = 811 mm2
Use 16 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 201 mm2

spacing of long bars = 248 mm

Use 16 mm the
As per (IS: 456–2000 (2000)), dia.HYSD
Bars for longitudinal
steel reinforcement
reinforcement @
in either direction in 200 mm c/c.
footings shall not be less than 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area (B2d).
Therefore distribution reinforcement = 192 mm2
Use 10 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 79 mm2
spacing of long bars = 409 mm
Use 10 mm dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 300 mm c/c.

C. Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams for Strap Beam:

Upward load w per meter run on the strap beams is given by
w1 = 273 KN/m
w2 = 273 KN/m
Downward load of column A = w1 = 2167 KN/m
Downward load of column B = w2 = 2433 KN/m

Shear Force Equation, Fx = 324 x - 2167 * x, for X <= 0.3

Shear Force Equation, Fx = 324 x - 2167 * 0.3, for X > 0.3, <= 3.96
Shear Force Equation, Fx = 324 x - 2167 * 0.3 - 2433 * 0.3, for X = 4.26
B.M Equation, Mx = 324 x2/2 - 2167 x 0.3 x (x - 0.3/2)
B.M Equation, Mx = 324 x2/2 - 2167 x 0.3 x (x - 0.3/2) - 2433 x 0.3 x .3/2
SF at the inner face of column A, at A, X = 0.3
F1 = -568 KN
SF at the inner face of column B, at B, X = 3.96
F4 = 430 KN
SF at the outer face of column B, at D, X = 4.26
F5 = -218 KN
SF at the end of footing, at E, X = 5.06
F5 = 0 KN

In the range AB, shear force is zero at a distance x from outer face of column A and its value is given by
x= 2.01 m

The hogging bending moment is maximum at this section, its value given by
M1 = -658 KNm
Bending moment at the edge A is given by, x = 0.3
M2 = -85 KNm
Bending moment at the edge B is given by, x = 3.96
M3 = -338 KNm
Bending moment at the edge D is given by, x = 4.26
M3 = -306 KNm
Bending moment at the edge E is given by, x = 5.06
M3 = -284 KNm

Let the point of contraflexure occur at x2 from point A, x2 = 0.16

Mx2 = 0 -2.6200784E-06
Shear force at point of contraflxure is given by, F6 = -608 KN

Depth of Strap Beam

let width of strap beam = 500 mm
Here the length of footing required under column A and B is 5m > than center to centre dis
hence the footing is provide throught the strap beam and t beam action will be available throughout the length.
for maximum B.M in the strap beam, i.e M1 = -658 KNm

d= 690.36712 mm take d = 700 mm

total depth of t-beam, D = 760 mm

Reinforcement in strap Beam:

For bending moment M1 = -658 KNm
 Ast = 2670.45 mm2
Use 20 mm bars, Ab = 314.2 mm2
No. of bars required = 8.5 9 bars
Use 9 - 20mm Dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 50 mm

Reinforcement in strap Beam:

For bending moment M1 = -338 KNm
 KN
KN
m
m
KN/m2
by the columns.
Mpa
Mpa

square footings).

length L1 = 3.0 m
length L2 = 2.0 m

mm
m
 0
0.3
4.26
7.68
7.98
 568.1818 3.42

> than center to centre distance of column.

ut the length.
A. Data
Strap footing for two square columns
axial loads of 900 kN and 1200 kN with a c/c spacing of 6m
Column A = 0.3 X 0.3 =
Column B = 0.3 X 0.3 =
Load on Column A = 780
Load on Column B = 876
C/c distance between columns = 3.96
distance of property line from the left face of column = 0
Bearing pressure of soil = 150
Assume weight of footing and earth above is 10% of the total loads carried by the columns.
Grade of Concrete = 20
Grade of Steel = 500
Let the width of footings be B
The values of L1 and L2 should be such that the C.G of the footing coincides with the C.G of the column loads.
Length of footing under A = L1 and length of footing under B= L2 centrally arranged under A and B(square footings).
B x (L1 +L2) = 12.144 m2
Let the width of both footings be 2m
L1 + L2 = 6.072 m
Let x distance of C.G of loads from center of column B, as given by

= 1.87 m
If x is also the distance of C.G of areas from the center of column B, we have
B x L1 ( l + b1/2 - L2/2)
= B x (L1 + L2)

length of footing under column A L1 = 3.8109458574

Length of footing under column B, L2 = 2.2610541426 length L1 =
or, 1.87 = 1.8699951 length L2 =

Net upward soil pressure intensity is given by

= 136.363636364 KN/m2
A. Design of Footing Slab for Column A/B: Let the width of strap beam = 500
Cantilever projection beyond the beam is a = 0.85
Maximum bending moment, M = po*a2/2 = 49 KNm
d= 134 mm
Keeping cover to centre of steel = 60 mm, D = 194 mm
Keep D = 220 mm so that d = 160 mm
Ast = 811 mm2
Use 16 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 201 mm2

spacing of long bars = 248 mm

Use 16 mm the
As per (IS: 456–2000 (2000)), dia.HYSD
Bars for longitudinal
steel reinforcement
reinforcement @
in either direction in 200 mm c/c.
footings shall not be less than 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area (B2d).
Therefore distribution reinforcement = 192 mm2
Use 10 mm dia. Bars, Ab = 79 mm2
spacing of long bars = 409 mm
Use 10 mm dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 300 mm c/c.

C. Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams for Strap Beam:

Upward load w per meter run on the strap beams is given by
w1 = 273 KN/m
w2 = 273 KN/m
Downward load of column A = w1 = 2600 KN/m
Downward load of column B = w2 = 2920 KN/m

Shear Force Equation, Fx = 273 x - 2167 * x, for X <= 0.3

Shear Force Equation, Fx = 273 x - 2167 * 0.3, for X > 0.3, <= 3.96
Shear Force Equation, Fx = 273 x - 2167 * 0.3 - 2433 * 0.3, for X = 4.26
B.M Equation, Mx = 273 x2/2 - 2167 x 0.3 x (x - 0.3/2)
B.M Equation, Mx = 273 x2/2 - 2167 x 0.3 x (x - 0.3/2) - 2433 x 0.3 x .3/2
SF at the inner face of column A, at A, X = 0.3
F1 = -698 KN
SF at the inner face of column B, at B, X = 3.96
F4 = 300 KN
SF at the outer face of column B, at D, X = 4.26
F5 = -494 KN
SF at the end of footing, at E, X = 5.06
F5 = -276 KN

In the range AB, shear force is zero at a distance x from outer face of column A and its value is given by
x= 2.86 m

The hogging bending moment is maximum at this section, its value given by
M1 = -998 KNm
Bending moment at the edge A is given by, x = 0.3
M2 = -105 KNm
Bending moment at the edge B is given by, x = 3.96
M3 = -833 KNm
Bending moment at the edge D is given by, x = 4.26
M3 = -863 KNm
Bending moment at the edge E is given by, x = 5.06
M3 = -1039 KNm

Let the point of contraflexure occur at x2 from point A, x2 = 0.15

Mx2 = 0 -8.0201111E-05
Shear force at point of contraflxure is given by, F6 = -738 KN

Depth of Strap Beam

let width of strap beam = 500 mm
Here the length of footing required under column A and B is 5m > than center to centre dis
hence the footing is provide throught the strap beam and t beam action will be available throughout the length.
for maximum B.M in the strap beam, i.e M1 = -998 KNm

d= 850.57525 mm take d = 855 mm

total depth of t-beam, D = 915 mm

Reinforcement in strap Beam:

For bending moment M1 = -998 KNm
 Ast = 3336.93 mm2
Use 20 mm bars, Ab = 314.2 mm2
No. of bars required = 10.62 11 bars
Use 10 - 20mm Dia. Bars for longitudinal reinforcement @ 50 mm

Reinforcement in strap Beam:

For bending moment M1 = -833 KNm
 KN
KN
m
m
KN/m2
by the columns.
Mpa
Mpa

square footings).

length L1 = 3.8 m
length L2 = 2.3 m

mm
m
 0
0.3
4.26
7.68
7.98
 698.1818 3.42

> than center to centre distance of column.

ut the length.