Page # 8 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

 d2 x 
3 4 dt
 dx  – 1 = sint + cost
Sol.1 (i)  2  +   – xt = 0 dx
 dt   dt 
dt
Order = 2 = sint + cost + 1
dx
Degree = 3
dt
= dx
3/2 sin t  cos t  1
  dy 2 
d2 y
(ii) = 1   dx  
dx 2     t
sec 2 dt
2
2 3 t = 2dx
 d2 y    dy  2  1  tan
2
  2  = 1   dx  
 
 dx     
t
Order = 2 n (1 + tan )=x+C
2
Degree = 3
xy
n (1 + tan )=x+C
n(sec x  tan x ) n(sec y  tan y ) 2
Sol.2 dx = dy
cos x cos y

dy xy xy
 sec x n(sec x  tan x) dx =  sec y n(sec y  tan y) dy Sol.5 (a)
dx
+ sin
2
= sin
2
[ln (sec x + tan x)]2 = [n (sec y + tan y)]2 + k
dy x y
= – 2 cos sin
dx 2 2
dy ( x 2  1)( y 2  1)
Sol.3 + =0 y x
dx xy
 cos ec 2 dy =–  2 cos 2 dx
y dy x2  1 y x
+ dx = 0
n tan = C – 2 sin
y2  1 x 4 2

y dy x2  1 dy
(b) sin x = y ny
+ dx = 0 dx
y2  1 x x2  1
dy
ydy x 1 = cosec x dx
y ny
+ dx – dx = 0
y2  1 x2  1 x x2  1
 x
Integrate n (xy) = ln  tan  + C
 2
y2  1 + x 2  1 – sec x = C
–1

 
 , e  C=0
2 
dy
Sol.4 = sin (x + y) + cos (x + y)
dx x
Put x + y = t ny = tan
2
dy dt
1+ = tan
x
dx dx 2
y = e Particular solution.
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Page # 9

Sol.6 edy/dx = x + 1
Sol.9 LN (Length of the normal) = y 1 m 2
dy
= n (x + 1)
dx k2
y 1 m 2 = k 1 + m2 =
y2
dy =
  n( x  1) dx
k 2  y2 k2  y2
y = (x + 1) n(x  1) dx m2 = m = ±
 y2 y
y = (x + 1) [ln (x + 1)] + C
(0, 3)  C = 4 dy y dx
y =± k 2  y2  = ± dx
y = (x + 1) n (x + 1) – x – 1 + 4 dx k 2  y2
y = (x + 1) n (x + 1) – x + 3 Particular soluton
– k2  y2 = ± x + C
dP (0, k) C = 0
Sol.7 (a) = k (P – 1000)
dt
– k2  y2 = ± x
ln (P - 1000) = –kt + c
P = 1000 + c1 e–kt k2 – y2 = x2
t = 0  P = 2500 x2 + y2 = k2 Circle
 c1 = 1500
P = 1000 + 1500 e–kt
y 1  m2 y
(b) t = 10  P = 1900 Sol.10 + = kxy
m m
900 = 1500 e–k(10)

1 5 1  m2  1
k= ln   = kx
10 3 m
P = 1000 + 1500 e–kt
1 m 2 = (kxm – 1)
1500 = 1000 + 1500 e–kt
1 + m2 = k2x2m2 + 1 – 2kxm
 ekt = 3  kt = ln 3
2kx dy  2kx
ln 3 ln 3 m=0; m= 2 2  =
t= = 10 1 k x dx 1  k 2 x2
k 5
ln 
3 2 
1   2k x 

dy = 2 2 dx
= 10. ln5/3 3 k  1  k x 

1
dm y= n |(1 – k2x2)| + nC
Sol.8 = Km k
dt
n m = – kt + nc
x
m
c
= e–kt m = ce–t Sol.11 A =  f ( x) dx = k [f(x)]n+1
0
at t = 0, m = m0 C = m0 Use Leibitz
m = m0e–kt f(x)=k (n + 1) [f(x)]n . f(x)
   1 O x
at t = t0, m = m0 1   = [f(x)]n–1 . f (x)
 100  k(n  1)

   1    x [ f ( x )]n
m0 1   = m ekt 0 k =
0 t n 1  
k(n  1)
= +C
 100  0  100  n
m = m0 e–kt x = 0, f(0) = 0  C=0
Where 1
x = 1, f(1) = 1  k=
1   n 1

K = t n 1   [f(x)]n = x
0  100  f(x) = x1/n

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 10 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Sol.12 Given that After putting value of 't'

C (x – y)2/3 (x2 + xy + y2)1/6
1  m2
y = x2  y2
m  1 x  2y 
= exp  tan 1 
y2 (1 + m2) = m2 (x2 + y2)  3 x 3 
y2 = m2x2 (b) (x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy
y
m=± dy x 3  3 xy 2
x = 3
dx y  3x2 y
dy y dy y
= =
dx x dx x 2
y
dy dy 1 3  
dx dx dy x
= =– =
y x y x dx 3
y y
ny = nx + ek ny = – nx + k  x   3 x 
   
y
= k xy = k
x dy dt
Put y = tx  =t+x
y = kx dx dx

dt 1  3t 2
dy 2 dy 1 y / x t+x = 3
x  xy dx
Sol.13 (a) = 2  = t  3t
dx x  y2 dx 1  (y / x)2

dt 1  3t 2  t 4  3t 2
x =
dy dt dx t( t 2  3 )
Put y = tx  =t+x
dx dx
t (t 2  3) dx
dt 1 t dt 1 t 4 dt =
t+x = = 1 t x
2 x –t
dx 1 t dx 1 t2
After integration
1 t  t  t 3
(1  t )dt 2 y2 – x2 = c (y2 + x2)2
dt dx
x = 2  3 =
dx 1 t (1  t ) x
Sol.14 x = |y 1 m 2 |
t2 1 dx
3 dt + 1  t 3 dt = x y 1 m 2 = ± x
1 t

 1 t2  t2  x x2
t2   dx 2 =±  1 + m2 =
3 dt +  1  t 3  dt = x
1 m y y2
1 t  

 2t 2  x2  y2 dy x2  y2
  (1  t)(1  t)dt dx m2 =  =±
 1  t 3  dt + = y2 dx y2
  (1  t)(1  t 2  t) x

dy dt
2  3 t 2  1  2t  1  1 dt dx Put y=tx  =t+x
3 dt +  2  dt+ 2 = dx dx
3  1  t  2  t  t  1 2 t  t 1 x
Integrate both the side t dt dx
2 2 =
2 1 1 t  t x
– n (1 – t3) + n (t2 + t + 1)
3 2 After integration
1  2t  1 
= n x + C 2
+ tan–1  
y2  y y2  x2
 2 2 c
3  3  = n  ( y  y  x ) 
2.
x2  x 3 
2

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Page # 11

Sol.15 Equation of PN (angle bisector of emanating

xdt t2  1
bx  ay t+ =
y b dx 2t
and reflected ray) =±
1 a2  b2
dt t 2  1  2t 2
x =
dx 2t
(x1, y1) (y=y1)
2t dx
P(a, b) y=b dt =
  t2  1 x

N n (t2 + 1) = – nx + nC
x (t2 + 1) = C
O(0, 0)

 y2  x2 
 
 x  =C
 a  a2  b2   
b
 
x–   y+b=0 C=2 (1, 1) Passes
a2  b2  a2  b2  y2 + x2 = 2x
x2 + y2 – 2x = 0
y dy
=
x  a2  b2 dx
xy
Sol.17 |ym| =
2
ydx  xdy x2  y2
= dx
y2 y2 dy xy
+ve y =
dx 2
d(x / y)
 dy xy
2 dy 2 =
x =  dx y
  1 y
y Put y = tx

 dt  1 t

x x2

 2 t  x  =
 dx  t
ln  y   1  = ln y + c
y2 
 
dt 1 t dt 1  t  2t 2
2t + 2x = 2x =
x+ x2  y2 = ky2 dx t dx t
1 = k2y2 – 2kx (Parabola) 2t
dt = dx
1  t  2t 2
Sol.16 Y – y = m (X – x)
Y – y – m (X – x) = 0 After integrating and then pases thorugh
(1, 0) will get
 y  mx (y – x)2 (x + 2y) = 1
=x
1  m2
(mx – y)2 = x2 (1 + m2) dy
Sol.18 y2 = a – x y3 + x + y2 = 0
m2x2 – 2mxy + y2 = x2 + x2m2 dx
2mxy = y2 – x2
dy da
y2  x2 2y = –1
dx dx
m=
2xy
dy
2
y3 + x + y2 = 0
y dx
1
dy x2
= 2y Put y = tx  dy 
dx y2  2 y  + 2x + 2y2 = 0
x  dx 

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 12 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

y = tx
 da 
(a – x)   1 + 2x + 2(a – x) = 0
 dx  dt t[cos t  t sin t ]
x = –t
dx [t sin t  cos t ]
 da 
(a – x)   1 + 2a = 0
 dx  dt t cos t  t 2 sin t  t 2 sin t  t cos t
x =
dx t sin t  cos t
da 2a da a  x
–1=  =
dx ax dx ax t sin t  cos t dx
dt =
Put a = tx 2t cos t x
da dt –n (t cos t) = 2nx + nC
=t+x n (t cos t) x2 = nk
dx dx
(t cos t) x2 = k
dt 1  a / x
t+x = y y y
dx a/ x 1   cos   x2 = k  xy cos   = k
x
  x x
dt 1  t
x = –t
dx t 1
Sol.20 Y – y = m (X – x)
dt  1 t  t  t 2 A (0, y – mx) A
x = O (0, 0)
dx t 1 P
P (x, y)
t 1 dx 1 t dx OA = PA O
2 dt =  2 dt =
 1 t x 1 t x
|y – mx| = x 2  m2 x 2
 1  1  2t  dx y2 + m2x2 – 2mxy = x2 + m2x2
2  dt =
   
2 –
 1 t  2  1 t  x
y2  x2
=m
1 2xy
tan–1t – n (1 + t2) = nx + nC
2
dy y2  x2
a  x 2 2  =
a 1   dx 2xy
tan–1 – n  2  = nx + nC
x 2  x  Put y = tx

a 1 dy dt
tan–1 n (a2 + x2) = nC =t+x
x
–
2 dx dx

1 a xdt t2  1
n (a2 + x2) – tan–1 =k t+ =
2 x dx 2t
Where a = y2 + x
dt t2  1
x =
dx 2t
 y y  y y  dy
Sol.19  x cos  y sin  y =  y sin  x cos  x 2t dx
 x x  x x  dx
dt =
1 t2 x
 y y 2
n (1 + t ) + nx = nC
 x cos x  y sin x  y (1 + t2) x = C x2 + y2 = Cx
dy  
=  y y
dx  y sin x  x cos x  x
  dy ( x  y  1)
Sol.21 =
dx xy
 y y y y Let x=X+h dx = dX
cos    sin 
dy  x x x x y=Y+k dy = dY
=
dx y y y (X  h)  (Y  k)  1
 x sin x  cos x  dY
  =
dX (X  h)  (Y  k)

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Page # 13

dY (X  Y)  (h  k  1)
=  
dX (X  Y)  (h  k)  3t  1  1 
2  2  dt = dx
h+k+1=0&h–k=0
3  3t  1 
 
1 1
h = – , k= 
2 2
2  1 
dY X Y 1  2(3t  1)  dt = dx
= Put Y = tX 3  
dX X Y
2 1
dt 1 t 1 t dX t+ n (3t + 1) = x + C
X = 3 9
– t  2 dt =
dX 1 t 1 t X (3t + 1) = ke3(x –2y)
1 3(x + y +1) + 1 = ke3(x –2y)
tan–1 t – n (1 + t2) = nx + nC
2 4
x+y+ = ke3(x – 2y)
1 3
tan–1t – n (y2 + x2) = nC
2
Sol.23 tangent Y – y = m (X – x)
y
tan–1 = nC y 2  x 2 1
x Normal Y–y= (X – x)
m
 1 r from origin to tangent = r to Normal
y  2 2
 2  1  1
tan–1 x 1  = n C x  2 y  2  y  mx  y  x /m
     
 2 =
1m 2
1  1 / m2
 2y  1  1 (y – mx)2 = (my + x)2
tan–1   = nC x 2  y 2  x  y 
 2x  1  2 m2 (x2 – y2) – 4m xy + y2 – x2 = 0

dy 2xy  (x2  y2 )
dy x  y 1 m= =
Sol.22 = dx x 2  y2
dx 2 x  2y  3

dy (x  y)2 xy
dy x  y 1 +ve = 2
2 = Put x + y + 1 = t 2 = xy ;
dx 1 dx x y
x  y  1
2
dy (x  y)
–ve =–
 dt dy dt dx xy

 1 = t
2  ; 1+ =
 dx  1 dx dx Homogenous y = tx
t
2
dt 1  t2
x =
dt t dx 1t
–1=
dx 2t  1
1 1  2t  dx
dt 3t  1   dt 
= 1  t2 2  1  t2  x
dx 2t  1
1 1
 2t  1  tan–1 – ln (1 + t2) = ln x + ln k
  dt = dx 1  t2 2
 3t  1 
tan1 y / x
x2  y2 = c e
 3
 3t   Similarly if we take –ve sign
2  2
= dt = dx  tan1 y / x
3  3t  1  x2  y2 = c e
 

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 14 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Sol.24 y = y(t)
2
 dx 1
dy IF = e x 
+ 2yt = t2 x2
dt

2t dt 2
I.F. = e  = et  y 
  = 1
2
 x2    x2 dx
2
t e t dt
t2
ye = 2 y 1
et 2 =± +c
x x
2
2
e t dt t 2 et
2
y = cx2 ± x
lim y lim t = tlim
t t = t 2 2 2
t et

et  2t 2 e t
Sol.27 Y – y = m (X – x)
X = 0, Y = y – mx
t2 1 y – mx = x2
= tlim 2 =

2t  1 2
dy
y–x = x2
dx
dy
Sol.25 (1 – x2) + 2xy = x (1 – x2)1/2
dx ydx  xdy
= dx
dy  2x  x x2
+   y =
dx  1 x2  1  x2 y
d   = – dx
2x x
 1 x 2 dx n(1 x ) 2 1
I.F. = e = e =
1 x2 y
=–x+C
y x
x
1 x2
=  (1  x 2 )3 / 2 dx y = cx – x2

y 1
= +C dy
1 x 2 Sol.28 x – y = 2x2 cosec 2x
1  x2 dx

y = C(1 – x2) + 1 x 2 dy y
– = 2x cosec 2x
dx x
Sol.26 Tangent
1
  dx 1
I.F. = = e  nx =
dy e x x
Y–y= (x – x)
dx
y
 dy  x
=  2 cos ecx dx
put X = 0  Y =  y  x dx 
 
y
= ln tan x + C
1 x
A = x2
2 y = cx + x n tan x

1 dy  1
2y  x  . x  x2 Sol.29 (1 + y2) dx = (tan–1 y – x) dy
2 dx  2
 1 
 
dy Put tan–1y = t   2  dy = dt
2y – x =±x  1  y 
dx

dy 2 dx
y=±1 dx = (t – x) dt  +x=t
dx x dt

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Page # 15

1. dt
I.F. = e  = et x x
Sol.32 f(x) = – f(t) tant dt +
  tan(t  x) dt
x et =  t e t dt 0 0

xet = tet – et + c put t – x = z  dt = dz

x = t – 1 + ce–t
x 0
1
x = tan–1 y – 1 + ce  tan y
f(x) = – f(t) tan t dt +

0 x
 tan z dz
Sol.30 y – Intercept of tangent = y –mx
Now use leibnitz
x(y – mx) = ± a2
f’(x) = –f(x) tanx – tanx
dy
xy – x2 = ± a2 dy
dx + y tanx = –tanx
dx
dy
x2 = xy  a2
dx I.F. = e  tan x dx = sec x

dy y a2
=  2 y(sec x) = – tan x sec x dx   sec x  c

dx x x
y = c cos x – 1
dy y a2 y(0) = 0  c = 1
– = 2
dx x x y = cosx – 1
1
  dx 1 Sol.33 Given that F(x) =
I.F. = e x = e  nx =  f(x)dx  f(x)  F' (x)
x

y a2 sin 2x
= ± 3 dx F’(x) + cosx. F(x) =
x x (1  sin x)2

y a2 dy sin 2x
=± +C + y cosx =
x 2x 2 dx (1  sin x)2

a2 I.F. = e  cos x dx = esinx

y = Cx ±
2x
2 sin cos x
y(esinx) =  (1  sin)2 esinx dx
d
Sol.31 (x f(x))  –k f(x)
dx
put sinx = t
x f’(x) + f(x)  –k f(x)
xf’ (x) + (1 + k) f(x)  0 t
multiply by xk =2  (1  t)2 et dt
xk + 1 f’(x) + (k + 1) xk f(x)  0
d 2esin x
(xk + 1. f(x))  0 y (esinx) = +c
dx 1  sin x
Let F(x) = xk+1 f(x)
F(x) is decreasing for x  2 2
F(x) = + c e–sinx
F(x)  F(2) 1  sin x
F(x)  A
xk+1 f(x)  A 2 cos x
f(x)  A. x–1–k F’(x) = – c e–sinx cosx
(1  sin x)2

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 Page # 16 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Sol.34 Rate at which fertilizer added = 1 × 1=1 gm/min.

volume of solution at time t = 100 + (1 – 3) t dy tan y
Sol.37 – = (1 + x) ex sec y
= 100 – 2t dx 1 x

dy  3y  dy sin y
 =1–  
cos y – = (1 + x) ex
dt  100  2t  dx 1 x

dy  3 
+  y= 1 dy dt
dt  100  2t  sin y = t cos y =
dx dx
 y = (100 – 2t) + c (100 – 2t)3/2
dt t
at t = 0, y = 0  c = –
1 – = (1 + x) ex
10 dx 1 x

1 dx
y = (100 – 2t) – (100 – 2t)3/2   1
10 I.F. = e 1 x =
1 x
dy 7
= 0  t = 27 t x
dt 9
1 x
= e dx

Sol.35 Rate at which salt added = 4 × 1 = 4 gm/min.

volume of solution at time t = 40 + (4–2)t = 40+2t t
= ex + C
1 x
dy  y 
=4–  2
dt  40  2 t  sin y
= ex + C
1 x
dy y
=4–
dt 200  t sin y = (1 + x) (ex + C)

Sol.36 (x – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0

1 dy ey 1
dy y Sol.38 = 2 –
= – ; put y2 = t dx x x
dx 2x 2y

dy y2 1 dy 1 e y
2y = –1 = 2 –
dx x y
e dx x x
dy dt e–y = t
2y =
dx dx
dy dt
dt t e–y =–
= –1 dx dx
dx x
dt t dt 1 t
– =–1 – = 2 –
dx x dx x x
1
  dx 1
I.F. = e x =  dt t 1
x – = 2
dx x x
t 1
=–  x dx
x 1 t 1
t
I.F. =
x

x
=–  x3 dx
= – nx – nC
x
t 1
y2 = +C
+ n (xC) = 0 x 2x 2
x
y2 + x n (xc) = 0 2xe–y = 1 + Cx2

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Page # 17

2 dy
 dy  dy Sol.41 = ex–y (ex – ey)
Sol.39   – (x + y) + xy = 0 dx
 dx  dx
dy e2 x
= y – ex
dx e
dy ( x  y )  ( x  y )2  4 xy
=
dx 2
dy
ey + ex ey = e2x
dx
dy ( x  y)  ( x  y)
=
dx 2 dy dt
ey = t ey =
dx dx
dy x2
+ve = x y = +C dt
dx 2 + ex t = e2x
dx

dy e x dx e x
–ve = y ny = x + C I.F. = e  = e
dx
x
y = kex ex
t ee = . e2x dx
e ex z
e x dx  dz

dy y2  x
Sol.40 = z
dx 2y( x  1) =  ze dz

x
2 t ee = zez – ez + C
dy y x
2y = – x x x
dx ( x  1) ( x  1) t e e = ex e e – e e + C
ey = (ex – 1) + C exp. (– ex)
dy dt
Put y2 = t 2y =
dx dx
dy
Sol.42 y sin x = cosx sin x – y2 cos x
dx
dt t x
from – =
dx ( x  1) ( x  1) dy 1 dt
y2 = t y =
dx 2 dx
1
I.F. = 1 dt
( x  1) sin x = cos x sin x – t cos x
2 dx

t x dt
( x  1)
=–  ( x  1)2 dx dx
+ 2t cot x = 2 cos x

2 cot x dx
dx I.F. = e  = (sin x)2
dx
=–  +  (x  1)2
x 1 t (sin x)2 = 2  cos x(sin x )2 dx

y2 1 2(sin x )3
t (sin x)2 = +C
= – n (x + 1) – + nC 3
( x  1) ( x  1)

2 C
C y2 = (sinx) +
3 (sin x )2
y2 = (x + 1) n –1
( x  1)

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com