EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 1

EEE 103
Introduction to Power Systems

Overview of
Electric Power Systems

Rowaldo D. del Mundo

Revised by Michael A. Pedrasa, Nov. 2013
Revised by Christian A. Yap, Jan. 2019
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
University of the Philippines Diliman
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 2

Lecture Outcomes
at the end of the lecture, the student must be able to …

❑ State the historical milestones leading to the

development of the electric power system

❑ Define the basic sectors of the modern electric

power system.

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 3

History of Electricity

❑ 1752 American scientist Benjamin

Franklin showed that lightning was
electrical by flying a kite, and explained
how Leyden jars work
❑ 1785 French physicist Charles-Augustin
de Coulomb formulated and published
Coulomb's law in his paper Premier
Mémoire sur l’Électricité et le Magnétisme
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 4

History of Electricity

❑ 1800 Italian physicist Alessandro Volta

invented the battery
❑ 1820 Danish physicist Hans Christian
Ørsted accidentally discovered that an
electric field creates a magnetic field
❑ 1821 German scientist Thomas Johann
Seebeck discovered thermoelectricity

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 5

History of Electricity

❑ 1825 English physicist William Sturgeon

developed the first electromagnet
❑ 1827 German physicist Georg Ohm
introduced the concept of electrical
resistance
❑ 1831 English physicist Michael Faraday
published the law of induction (Joseph
Henry developed the same law
independently)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 6

History of Electricity
❑ 1831 American scientist Joseph Henry in
United States developed a prototype DC
motor
❑ 1832 French instrument maker Hippolyte
Pixii in France developed a prototype DC
generator
❑ 1845 German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff
developed two laws now known as
Kirchhoff's Circuit laws
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 7

History of Electricity

❑ 1855 First utilization of AC (in

electrotherapy) by French neurologist
Guillaume Duchenne
❑ 1876 Russian engineer Pavel Yablochkov
invented electric carbon arc lamp
❑ 1879 Thomas Alva Edison introduced a
long lasting filament for the incandescent
lamp.
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 8

Arc Lamps

❑ In 1881, two electricians built the world's

first power system at Godalming in
England. It was powered by two
waterwheels and produced an alternating
current that in turn supplied seven
Siemens arc lamps at 250 volts and 34
incandescent lamps at 40 volts.[

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 9

The Electric Power Industry

The First DC Electric Power System
Pearl Street Station built by Thomas Edison in New
York City in 1882.
❑ Steam engine coupled to a
110-volt Direct Current (DC)
generator
❑ Underground cable system
❑ All loads were incandescent
bulbs
❑ 59 customers within an area
1.5 km in radius
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 10

The First transformer

❑ Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs’s “Secondary

generator”
❑ AC Generator lights up a forty kilometer of
railway.
❑ Mistake in series connection of transformers.
❑ Ottó Titusz Bláthy perfected the secondary
generator and named it the “transformer”

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 11

Alternating Current EPS

The first successful AC system was built by
William Stanley, an associate of George
Westinghouse, at Great Barrington,
Massachusetts in 1886.

❑ First commercial application of

transformers
❑ Loads consisted of 150 lamps
❑ In 1888, Tesla would be hired by
Westinghouse with his Patents for
polyphase AC induction motor and
transformer designs.

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines 11
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 12

“War of the Currents”

❑ Thousands of Electric power systems
were built in the USA and Europe by 1888
❑ Propaganda war to determine which is
superior, DC vs AC ( Edison vs Tesla).
❑ Westinghouse made the first AC power
system that powered a
75KW synchronous
electric motor

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 13

“War of the Currents”

❑ Mikhail Dolivo–Dobrovolsky and Charles

Eugen Lancelot Brown, build the first very
long distance (175km) high-voltage(15kV)
three–phase transmission line to power
lamps in Germany.
❑ In 1895, alternating current was chosen
as the standard.

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems
History: Important Milestones
❑ 1820 (Oersted): Confirmed the
relationship between electricity
and magnetism
❑ 1821 (Faraday): First electric
motor
❑ 1831 (Faraday): Principles of
electromagnetism and induction
❑ 1882 (Edison): Pearl St. electric
station opened
❑ 1883 (Gaulard and Gibbs):
invention of transformer
❑ 1886: Westinghouse Electric
Company formed
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
University of the Philippines
14
❑ 1888 (Tesla): Polyphase systems
❑ 1890: First 1-phase transmission
❑ 1891: First 3-phase transmission
❑ 1903: Gas turbines
❑ 1935: Public Utility Holding
Company Act (Regulation of
electricity and gas companies)
❑ 1962: First nuclear station
(Canada)
❑ 1973: Arab oil embargo
❑ 1986: Chernobyl
❑ 1990: Clean air act (USA)
EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 15

The Electric Power System

The Electric Power System is an interconnected
network of electrical devices that:

❑ converts energy from one of its natural

forms (e.g., mechanical, solar, chemical)
into the electrical form [generation],

❑ transports the electric energy from the

generating plants to power centers
[transmission], and

❑ delivers the electric energy to end-users

[distribution] who convert the energy to
a usable form (e.g., mechanical, light,
heat).
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines 15
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 16

Components of EPS

❑ Generation
Power Plants
❑ Transmission Primary
Distribution
Feeder

Transmission Substations
Distribution
Transmission Lines Transformer

Sub-transmission Lines

❑ Distribution Source: Unknown

Power Substation
Primary Distribution Feeders
Distribution Transformers
Secondary Distribution Feeders and Services
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines 16
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems 17

The Electric Power System

(Embedded Generator)
Coal Plant
Wind Farm

End
Users
Hydro Plant

End
Users

Generation Transmission Distribution

System System System
Small-Hydro

Source of figures: Unknown

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute EEE 103 2nd Sem 2013-14
University of the Philippines
EEE 103 – Introduction to Power Systems

End of Lecture Guide Questions

❑ What device was ❑ What are the three
fundamental to the sectors of the
development of the electric power
AC electric power system?
system?
❑ What sector do
❑ Who was the transformers on the
engineer that built post’s belong to?
the first practical
transformer for
commercial use?
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
18
University of the Philippines