Saturday, June 25, 2011

CHAPTER 3

P.P.3.1 3A 1 i1 6  i1
2 12A
3A i2 i3
12A
2 7

At node 1,

v1  v 2 v1  0
–3 + i 1 + i 2 = 0 or  =3
6 2

or 4v 1 – v 2 = 18 (1)

At node 2,

v1  v 2 v 0
–i 1 + i 3 + 12 = 0 or i 1 = 12 + i 3 or  12  2
6 7

or 7v 1 – 13v 2 = 504 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) gives

v 1 = –6 V, v 2 = –42 V

P.P.3.2 i1 2

4i x
i2 i2 v2
v1 v3
3 ix i3
4A 4 6
At node 1,

v1  v 3 v1  v 2
–4 + i 1 + i 2 = 0 = –4 + 
2 3
or 5v 1 – 2v 2 – 3v 3 = 24 (1)

At node 2,

–i 2 + i x – 4i x = 0 = –i 2 – 3i x = 0 where i x = [(v 2 –0)/4] or

v1  v 2 v
 3 2  0 which leads to 4v 1 + 5v 2 = 0 (2)
3 4

At node 3,

v 3  v1 v 3  0 v
–i 1 + i 3 + 4i x = 0 =  4 2
2 6 4

or –3v 1 + 6v 2 + 4v 3 = 0 (3)

Solving (1) to (3) gives

v 1 = 32 V, v 2 = –25.6 V, v 3 = 62.4 V

P.P.3.3
4 6V
v v1 –+
14V
+ + +
+ 3 v 2 6
v v1
– –
– – –

(a) (b)

At the supernode in Fig. (a),

14  v v v1 v1
  
4 3 2 6

or 42 = 7v + 8v 1 (1)

Applying KVL to the loop in Fig. (b),

– v – 6 + v1 = 0 v1 = v + 6 (2)
Solving (1) and (2),
v = –400 mV

v1
v 1 = v + 6 = 5.6, i 1 =  2.8
2
i 1 = 2.8 A

P.P.3.4
5i
25 V
v1 v2 v3
+– – +
+ + +
v1 v2 v3
– – –

(a) (b)

From Fig. (a),

v1 v 2 v 3
  0 6v 1 + 3v 2 + 4v 3 = 0 (1)
2 4 3

From Fig. (b),

– v 1 + 25 + v 2 = 0 v 1 = v 2 + 25 (2)

– v 2 – 5i + v 3 = 0 v 3 = v 2 + 2.5v 1 (3)

Solving (1) to (3), we obtain

v 1 = 7.608 V, v 2 = –17.39 V, v 3 = 1.6305 V

P.P.3.5 We apply KVL to the two loops and obtain

–45 + 2i 1 + 12( i i – i 2 ) +4i 1 = 0 or

–45 + 18i i – 12i 2 = 0 which leads to 3i i – 2i 2 = 7.5 (1)

12(i 2 – i 1 ) + 9i 2 + 30 + 3i 2 = 0 or

30 + 24i 2 – 12i 1 = 0 which leads to –3i 1 + 6i 2 = –7.5

(2)

From (1) and (2) we get

i 1 = 2.5 A, i 2 = 0A
P.P.3.6 For mesh 1,

–16 + 6i 1 – 2i 2 – 4i 3 = 0 3i 1 – i 2 – 2i 3 = 8 (1)
For mesh 2,

10i 2 – 2i 1 – 8i 3 – 10i 0 = 0 = –i 1 + 5i 2 – 9i 3 (2)

But i 0 = i 3 ,

18i 3 – 4i 1 – 8i 2 = 0 –2i 1 – 4i 2 + 9i 3 = 0 (3)

From (1) to (3),

 3  1  2  i1  8
  1 5  9 i  = 0
   2  
 2  4 9  i 3  0

3 1  2
1 5  9
   2  4 9 = 135 – 8 – 18 – 20 – 108 – 9 = –28
3 1  2
1 5  9

8 1  2
0 5 9
1  0  4 9  360  288  72
8 1  2
0 5 9

3 8 2
1 0 9
2   2 0 9  144  72  216
3 8 2
1 0 9
 3 1 8
1 5 0
 3   2  4 0  32  80  112
3 1 8
1 5 0

1 72  2 216  112
i1 =   2.571, i 2 =   7.714 , i 3 = 3   4A
  28   28   28

I o = i 3 = –4 A

P.P.3.7

2
i3 2
i3
i1 i1 2 2
8V + 4
–
4
+
4A –
3A i2 8
i2
8
1

i1 0 i2
(a) (b)

For the supermesh,

–8 + 2i 1 – 2i 3 + 12i 2 – 4i 3 = 0 or i 1 + 6i 2 – 3i 3 = 4 (1)

For mesh 3,

8i 3 – 2i 1 – 4i 2 = 0 or –i 1 – 2i 2 + 4i 3 = 0 (2)

At node 0 in Fig. (a),

i1 = 4 + i2 i1 – i2 = 4

Solving (1) to (3) yields

i 1 = 4.632 A, i 2 = 631.6 mA, i 3 = 1.4736 A

P.P.3.8 G 11 = 1/(1) + 1/(20) + 1/(5) = 1.25, G 12 = –1/(5) = –0.2,
G 33 = 1/(4) + 1 = 1.25, G 44 = 1/(1) + 1/(4) = 1.25,
G 12 = –1/(5) = –0.2, G 13 = –1, G 14 = 0,
G 21 = –0.2, G 23 = 0 = G 26 ,
G 31 = –1, G 32 = 0, G 34 = –1/4 = –0.25,
G 41 = 0, G 42 = 0, G 43 = 0.25,
i 1 = 0, i 2 = 3+2 = 5, i 3 = –3, i 4 = 2.

Hence,

 1.25  0.2 1 0   v1   0 
  0 .2 0 .2 v   5 
 0 0   2   
 1 0 1.25  0.25 v3   3
     
 0 0  0.25 1.25   v4   2 

P.P.3.9 R 11 = 50 + 20 + 80 = 150, R 22 = 20 + 30 + 15 = 65,

R 33 = 30 + 20 = 50, R 44 = 15 + 80 = 95,
R 55 = 20 + 60 = 80, R 12 = –40, R 13 = 0, R 14 = –80,
R 15 = 0, R 21 = –40, R 23 = –30, R 24 = –15, R 25 = 0,
R 31 = 0, R 32 = –30, R 34 = 0, R 35 = –20,
R 41 = –80, R 42 = –15, R 43 = 0, R 45 = 0,
R 51 = 0, R 52 = 0, R 53 = –20, R 54 = 0,
v 1 = 30, v 2 = 0, v 3 = –12, v 4 = 20, v 5 = –20

Hence the mesh-current equations are

 150  40 0  80 0   i1   30 
  40 65  30  15  
0  i 2    0 
  
 0  30 50 0  20  i 3  =   12 
     
  80  15 0 95 0  i 4   20 
 0 0  20 0 80   i 5    20

P.P.3.10 The schematic is shown below. It is saved and simulated by selecting

Analysis/Simulate. The results are shown on the viewpoints:

v 1 = –10 V, v 2 = 14.286 V, v 3 = 50 V
 -10.0000 500 mA 14.2858 50.0000

50 V

P.P.3.11 The schematic is shown below. After saving it, it is simulated by choosing
Analysis/Simulate. The results are shown on the IPROBES.

i 1 = –428.6 mA, i 2 = 2.286 A, i 3 = 2 A

-4.286E-01

2.286E+00
2.000E+00
P.P.3.12 For the input loop,

-5 + 10 x 103 I B + V BE + V 0 = 0 (1)

For the outer loop,

-V 0 - V CE - 500 I 0 + 12 = 0 (2)

But V 0 = 200 I E (3)

Also I C = I B = 100 I B ,  = /(1 + ) = 100/(101)

I C = I E I E = I C /() = I B /()

I E = 100 (101/(100)) I R = 101 I B (4)

From (1), (3) and (4),

10,000 I B + 200(101) I R = 5 - V BE

5  0. 7
IB =  142.38A
10,000  20,000

V 0 = 200 I E = 20,000 I B = 2.876 V

From (2),

V CE = 12 - V 0 - 500 I C = 9.124 - 500 x 100 x 142.38 x 10-6

V CE = 1.984 V {often, this is rounded to 2.0 volts}

P.P.3.13 10 k

i1

i0
iC
30 k iB + + 20V
+ 10 k -
+ V BE –
1V –
-
 1  0.7
iB =  10A, i C = i B = 0.8 mA
30k

i1 = iC + i0 (1)

Also, –10ki 0 – 10ki 1 + 20 = 0 i 1 = 2 mA – i 0 (2)

Equating (1) and (2),

2 mA – i 0 = 0.8 mA + i 0 i 0 = 600 A
3 –6
v 0 = 20 ki 0 = 20x10 x600x10 = 12 V