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Oct 2019
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Mock Test Topics for Mains
Series
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
Companies with a minimum net worth of Rs 500 crore, turnover of Rs 1000
crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore are required to spend at least 2% of their
average profit for the previous three years on CSR activities.
Illustrious business families like Tata, Birla and Bajaj and many others
associated with our freedom struggle were sensitive to their social
responsibilities. Mahatma Gandhi developed the principle of trusteeship, not
only from his deep understanding of our various religious traditions but also
based on the generosity of industrialists associated with him.
CSR has also been in the news due to recent amendments to the Companies
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Act, 2013 which provides for penalties for violation of CSR norms.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1589427
Ans:(A)
Learning Zone:
In line with Government’s focus on programmes like Start-up India and Stand-
up India aimed at young entrepreneurs with new and innovative ideas,
National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) has formulated Yuva
Sahakar -Cooperative Enterprise Support and Innovation Scheme 2019. The
Scheme has an annual outlay of 100 crores. The Scheme is liberal to
cooperatives in the North Eastern Region, cooperatives registered and operating
in Aspirational Districts as identified by NITI Aayog, cooperatives with 100 %
women/SC/ST/ PwD members.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1587512
Q3) The School Education Quality Index 2019 was published by the
Ans:(B)
Learning Zone:
3
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Category 1: Outcomes
Source:http://epaper.indianexpress.com/2354223/Delhi/October-02-
2019#page/16/2
https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-09/seqi_document_0.pdf
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans:(B)
Learning Zone:
The Drone Innovators Network Summit 2019 organised by the World Economic
Forum under the aegis of the Ministry of Civil Aviation saw participation from
National & International Aviation Regulatory bodies, Drone Industry and senior
Civil Aviation Ministry officials.
India is one of the few countries to come out with drone regulations. India's
Directorate General of Civil Aviation issued Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR),
effective 1 December 2018 for drones. As per the regulations, manufacturers of
the drone are required to comply with the requirements of No Permission, No
Take-off (NPNT) on the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). These
regulations (CAR Version 1.0) only permit operations of drones during daytime
Visual Line of Sight.
NPNT is a software programme that enables every Remotely Piloted Aircraft
System (RPAS) (except Nano) to obtain valid permission through the DigiSky
platform before operating in India. OEMs/Manufacturers are to comply with
this requirement. The DigiSky is a portal for registration and flying of civil
drones in India. The purpose of DigiSky is to create a digital, paperless
process, thus providing on-demand seamless permissions for UAS/RPAS,
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operators, and pilots. The RPAS are embedded with encrypted firmware by the
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Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1586866
a) Ministry of Culture
b) Ministry of Human Resource Development
c) Niti Aayog
d) Ministry of Rural Development
Ans:(C)
Learning Zone:
The winners of The Gandhian Challenge will be awarded in New Delhi by NITI
Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission and UNICEF on the occasion of Children’s Day
in November. The contest – open for every child in India from 2 October to 20
October – also celebrates 70 years of partnership between Government of India
and UNICEF India to enable Every Right for Every Child.
The problem statement for the Gandhian Challenge is: “Share your innovative
solutions/ideas to create a futuristic and sustainable world of your dreams,
following Gandhi's principles.”
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Source:https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=193560
https://innovate.mygov.in/the-gandhian-challenge/
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1 only
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
Bharat 22, which is an open-ended ETF, allows investors to invest in a basket
of government-owned and private sector entities like NTPC, Power Grid
Corporation, ONGC, Indian Oil Company, State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda,
L&T, ITC, Axis Bank and BPCL, among others.
Although mutual funds and ETFs are quite similar in structure, they are
dissimilar in terms of many factors such as operational expenses, tax
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a) An observatory located deep inside the earth that monitors the carbon
cycle deep in the earth’s crust.
b) An observatory that monitors the possibility of the presence of carbon-
based life forms in distant planets.
c) An international team of scientists which is trying to develop the new,
integrative field of deep carbon science.
d) An affiliate of IPCC which monitors carbon dioxide emissions into the
atmosphere.
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a global community of more than 1000
scientists on a ten-year quest to understand the quantities, movements, forms,
and origins of carbon in Earth.
DCO brings together a multidisciplinary group of scientists, including
geologists, chemists, physicists, and biologists.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
These fats are mostly produced artificially but can also occur naturally. Thus in
our diet, these may be present as Artificial Trans-Fats or Natural Trans-Fats.
Trans-Fats pose a higher risk of heart disease than saturated fats, as saturated
fats raise total cholesterol levels, Trans-Fats not only raise total cholesterol
levels but also reduce the good cholesterol (HDL), which helps to protect us
against heart disease.
Source:https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=193624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#Health_risks
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https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/why-trans-fats-are-bad#heart-
health
Q9) India’s first e-waste clinic that would enable segregation, processing
and disposal of waste from both household and commercial units is
planned to be set up in :
a) Lucknow
b) Kozhikode
c) Bengaluru
d) Bhopal
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
An MoU was signed between CPCB and Bhopal Municipal Corporation to set
up the e-waste clinic as a three-month pilot project. Electronic waste will be
collected door-to-door or could be deposited directly at the clinic in exchange
for a fee. The CPCB will provide technical support at the unit. Hazardous waste
will be sent to Bengaluru for recycling. The clinic is being conceived in
compliance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.
Source:https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/indias-
first-e-waste-clinic-to-be-set-up-in-bhopal/article29598165.ece 10
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Q10) Consider the following pairs :
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 3
d) 1,2 and 3
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
Source:http://epaper.indianexpress.com/2363031/Delhi/October-08-
2019#page/16
Q11) Consider the following facts about the Financial Action Task Force
(FATF) :
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 3
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d) 1, 2 and 3
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Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body
established in 1989 by the Ministers of its Member jurisdictions. The
objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective
implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating
money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity
of the international financial system. The FATF is, therefore, a "policy-making
body" which works to generate the necessary political will to bring about
national legislative and regulatory reforms in these areas. The FATF's decision-
making body, the FATF Plenary, meets three times per year.
Presently, FATF has 39 members. India is a member of FATF, but Pakistan is
not a member.
Source:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-
news/pakistan-to-remain-on-fatf-grey-list-till-
february/articleshow/71610706.cms?from=mdr
Q12) Recently, stubble burning in areas around Delhi has been blamed for
the smog and air pollution crisis in the capital. In this context, consider
the following statements :
Which of the above are the reasons for farmers opting for stubble burning
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Ans:(D)
Learning Zone:
Farmers prefer to burn stubble and pay penalty rather than weed out the
stubbles. And the reason for this is that the cost of stubble burning is cheaper
as penalty works out to be around Rs 2,500 per acre. But if they don't burn it
then the stubble processing cost comes around Rs 6,000-7,000 per acre. The
cost of stubble processing includes rent of machinery, diesel charge, labourer
charge.
Farmers contend that access to straw management equipment comes at a
higher cost than environmental compensation. Straw management equipment
is beyond the means of small and marginal farmers.
Farmers also prefer stubble burning because the duration between Kharif and
rabi crops is small, and stubble burning also helps to clear weeds, including
some that are resistant to herbicides and weedicides.
Source:https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rise-in-
stubble-burning-cases-in-punjab/article29772360.ece
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Q13) Consider the following statements about the India Innovation Index-
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Recognizing the role of innovation as a key driver of growth and prosperity for
India, NITI Aayog with Institute for Competitiveness as the knowledge partner
has released the India Innovation Index 2019. The study is an outcome of
extensive research and analysis, which looks holistically at the innovation
landscape of India by examining the innovation capabilities and performance of
Indian states and union territories. The aim is to create a holistic tool which
can be used by policymakers across the country to identify the challenges to be
addressed and strengths to build on when designing the economic growth
policies for their regions.
The index attempts to create an extensive framework for the continual
evaluation of the innovation environment of 29 states and seven union
territories in India and intends to perform the following three functions- 1)
ranking of states and UTs based on their index scores, 2) recognizing
opportunities and challenges, and 3) assisting in tailoring governmental
policies to foster innovation.
The India Innovation Index 2019 is calculated as the average of the scores of its
two dimensions - Enablers and Performance. The Enablers are the factors that
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underpin innovative capacities, grouped in five pillars: (1) Human Capital, (2)
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Investment, (3) Knowledge Workers, (4) Business Environment, and (5) Safety
and Legal Environment. The Performance dimension captures benefits that a
nation derives from the inputs, divided into two pillars: (6) Knowledge Output
and (7) Knowledge Diffusion.
Source:https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1588392
a) Bermuda
b) Switzerland
c) Mauritius
d) Singapore
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
This is the first time that India has received details from Switzerland under the
AEOI framework, which provides for exchange of information on financial
accounts that currently active as well as those accounts that were closed
during 2018.
India has received the first tranche of details about financial accounts of its
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Source:https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-gets-first-
tranche-of-swiss-account-details-under-automatic-exchange-
framework/article29615093.ece
Q15) The planet with the highest number of discovered moons so far is :
a) Jupiter
b) Saturn
c) Neptune
d) Uranus
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Until the latest discovery, Jupiter (79 discovered moons) had the highest
number of planets.
A count of the moons listed on the NASA website shows that our Solar
System’s planets together have 205 confirmed moons now. Saturn and Jupiter,
with 161 between them, account for nearly 80% of these. Another 20% are
orbiting Uranus (27) and Neptune (14). Of the remaining three moons, one is
Earth’s own while the other two are with Mars.
Source:https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-which-
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planet-has-how-many-moons-saturn-6061404/
Q16) Which of the following was the subject of the C40 Cities World
Mayors Summit, recently held in Copenhagen?
a) Urban Mobility
b) Climate Change
c) Urban Governance
d) Urban Transformation
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
C40 is a network of the world’s megacities committed to addressing climate
change. C40 supports cities to collaborate effectively, share knowledge and
drive meaningful, measurable and sustainable action on climate change.
Around the world, C40 Cities connects 94 of the world's greatest cities to take
bold climate action, leading the way towards a healthier and more sustainable
future. Representing 700+ million citizens and one-quarter of the global
economy, mayors of the C40 cities are committed to delivering on the most
ambitious goals of the Paris Agreement at the local level, as well as to cleaning
the air we breathe.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/cm-to-endorse-
clean-air-declaration-at-c40-summit/article29578894.ece
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Aiming zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths in India, the central
government launched the Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) scheme,
under which pregnant women, mothers up to 6 months after delivery, and all
sick newborns will be able to avail free healthcare benefits.
The scheme will largely help in bringing down maternal and infant mortality
rates in the country. Under the scheme, the beneficiaries visiting public health
facilities are entitled to several free services. These include at least four
antenatal check-ups that also includes one checkup during the 1st trimester,
at least one checkup under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, Iron
Folic Acid supplementation, Tetanus diphtheria injection and other
components of comprehensive ANC package and six home-based newborn care
visits.
Source: https://www.livemint.com/news/india/government-launches-
suman-scheme-assures-free-medicines-for-pregnant-women-
11570704991082.html
Q18) Consider the following statements about the “Green Wall of India” :
Delhi-Haryana border.
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a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3
c) 2 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
The centre is planning to create a 1400 km and 5 km wide green belt from
Gujarat to Delhi-Haryana border, Porbandar to Panipat to be precise. The
project seems inspired by the 'Great Green Wall' in Africa built to combat
climate change and desertification. India seeks to replicate the idea as a
national priority under its goal to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land
by 2030.
Although the project is still in its nascent stage, it's gathering a lot of media
attention for if approved this might turn out as a legacy program of India
against land degradation. The afforestation will benefit multiple states and also
act as a barrier against incoming dust from the Thar desert.
The idea was part of the agenda of the recently held conference (COP14) of the
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in India. A final
clearance is still awaited for the idea to get a green flag.
The Green Belt would be able to cover the entire degraded Aravali range
through a massive afforestation exercise. The Aravali has been identified as one
of the key degraded zones in India. Moreover, a report by ISRO in 2016,
revealed that Gujarat, Rajasthan and Delhi were among states/UT where more
than 50% of the total area was degraded land and those under the threat of
desertification.
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Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/government-plans-
1400km-long-great-green-wall-of-india/articleshow/71496260.cms
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-a-green-wall-of-
india-is-a-truly-well-inspired-idea-11570638911747.html
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
The ionosphere is charged a part of the upper atmosphere extending several
hundred miles (kilometres) up. It's in constant flux as space weather bombards
it from above and Earth weather from below, sometimes disrupting radio
communications.
Source:https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/nasa-launches-
satellite-to-explore-where-air-meets-space/article29654298.ece
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 2 only
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_exercises_of_the_Indian_Army
Source:https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indo-japan-joint-military-
exercise-dharma-guardian-in-mizoram-1611100-2019-10-19
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
‘Plogging’ is a combination word formed from ‘jogging’ and ‘plocka upp’, which
is Swedish for ‘pick up’. It refers to an emerging international trend, in which
someone picks up trash while jogging or brisk walking as a way of cleaning up
litter while also taking care of fitness.
The trend was started in Sweden by Erik Ahlström in 2016. During his
commute to work, Ahlström would frequently come across a litter that would
remain on the streets for weeks without anyone picking it up. This prompted
him to pick up the trash during his commute and dispose of it. Eventually, he
included the clean-up in his daily running and exercise routine.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/this-word-means-
plogging-6067539/
Q22) Consider the following statements about the 2019 Nobel Prize in
Economics :
2. The new approach calls for the use of “Randomised Control Trials” before
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a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
The “new, powerful tool” employed by the Laureates is the use of Randomised
Control Trials (or RCTs). So if one wanted to understand whether providing a
mobile vaccination van and/or a sack of grains would incentivise villagers to
vaccinate their kids, then under an RCT, village households would be divided
into four groups.
Group A would be provided with a mobile vaccination van facility, Group B
would be given a sack of foodgrains, Group C would get both, and Group D
would get neither. Households would be chosen at random to ensure there was
no bias, and that any difference in vaccination levels was essential because of
the "intervention".
Group D is called the "control" group while others are called "treatment"
groups. Such an experiment would not only show whether a policy initiative
works but would also provide a measure of the difference it brings about.
It would also show what happens when more than one initiatives are
combined. This would help policymakers to have the evidence before they
choose a policy.
1. Microbial fuel cells are devices that use bacteria as the catalysts to
oxidise organic and inorganic matter and generate current.
2. They have been successfully tested for the first time in a CSIR lab.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
Microbial fuel cells are devices that use bacteria as the catalysts to oxidise
organic and inorganic matter and generate current. A research paper from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology earlier this year explained that electrons
produced by the bacteria are transferred to the negative terminal and flow to
the positive terminal.
Among conventional power sources, batteries must be replaced while solar
panels rely on a source of sunlight. On the other hand, plants can survive in
the shade, naturally moving into position to maximise the potential of
absorbing sunlight.
a) Amazon
b) Facebook
c) Alphabet
d) Apple
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Libra will use the same security and record-keeping principles as Bitcoin, the
most popular digital currency system today. But unlike Bitcoin, Libra is backed
by several traditional financial companies, including PayPal, Visa and
Mastercard, and will base its value on multiple real-world currencies such as
the US dollar and the euro. Libra also faces additional scrutiny over privacy,
given Facebook’s poor record on the matter.
Source:https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-behind-
libra-facebooks-new-digital-currency-5788341/
1. India ranks lower than all its neighbours except Pakistan and
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Afghanistan.
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2. India’s ranking has improved from 2018 even as its GHI score worsened.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
India is ranked 102 of 117 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2019, behind
its neighbours Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Seventeen countries, including Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey, Cuba and Kuwait,
shared the top rank with GHI scores of less than five, the website of the Global
Hunger Index that tracks hunger and malnutrition said. The report prepared
jointly by Irish aid agency Concern Worldwide and German organisation Welt
Hunger Hilfe termed the level of hunger in India "serious".
In 2018, it was ranked 103 out of 119 countries. In 2000, the country was
ranked 83 out of 113 countries. Now, with 117 countries in the fray, it has
dropped to 102.
Its GHI score has also decelerated — from 38.9 in 2005 to 32 in 2010 and then
from 32 to 30.3 between 2010 and 2019. The GHI score is calculated on four
indicators — undernourishment; child wasting, the share of children under the
age of five who are wasted (that is, who have low weight for their height,
reflecting acute undernutrition); child stunting, children under the age of five
who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition; and child
mortality, the mortality rate of children under the age of five.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/global-hunger-index-
27
2019-india-ranked-lower-than-nepal-pakistan-
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bangladesh/article29714429.ece
Q26) Which of the following statements are correct about the “Eat Right
Movement” in India?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
To improve public health in India and combat negative nutritional trends to
fight lifestyle diseases, FSSAI launched 'The Eat Right Movement' on 10th July
2018. The food industry, public health professionals, civil society and
consumer organizations, influencers and celebrities came together on a
common platform and pledged to take concrete steps to amplify 'The Eat Right
Movement' in the country.
The strength of the ‘The Eat Right Movement’ lies in its holistic and
collaborative approach, with stakeholders on both the demand and supply-side
joining to make a difference through some clearly identified steps.
On the demand side, the Eat Right Movement focuses on empowering citizens
to make the right food choices.
On the supply side, it nudges food businesses to reformulate their products,
provide better nutritional information to consumers and make investments in
healthy food as responsible food businesses.
The movement aims to cut down salt/sugar and oil consumption by 30% in
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three years.
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Why is this question important?
Recently, the Food Safety Mitra (FSM) scheme was launched for strengthening
and scaling up ‘Eat Right India’ movement.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/eat-right-india-
campaign-to-pitch-for-healthy-food-5970588/
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
Project Soli, driven by Google’s Advanced Technology and Projects (ATAP) team,
was first showcased back in 2015. The idea is that a radar chip can be used to
detect hand movements and gestures to interpret what they could mean. It’s
only recently that Google figured out how to reduce the size of this radar chip
and fit it on the front of the smartphone, still ensuring accuracy.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/project-soli-
keeping-google-pixel-4-out-of-india-6072023/
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Under the livestock census, various species of animals possessed by
households, household enterprises or non-household enterprises and
institutions are counted at the site — both in rural and urban areas. In other
words, it covers all domesticated animals in a given period of time. India has
been conducting livestock censuses periodically since 1919-20. This is the 20th
one, started in October 2018. The last livestock census was conducted in 2012.
The census tracks the population of various species of domesticated animals
such as cattle, buffalo, Mithun, yak, sheep, goat, pig, horse, pony, mule,
donkey camel, dog, rabbit and elephant and poultry birds (fowl, duck, emu,
turkeys, quail and other poultry birds). The breed-wise headcount of animals
and poultry birds has been carried out in about 6.6 lakh villages and 89,000
urban wards across the country covering more than 27 crore households and
non-households.
There is a decline of 6 % in the total Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle
population over the previous census.
Source:https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/reading-the-
livestock-census-2019-india-6075270/
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Q29) Consider the following statements about the contributions of Dr
Vikram Sarabhai :
1. He was the 1st chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space
Research ( INCOSPAR), which was the precursor of ISRO.
2. Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 was named after him.
3. He was one of the founding members of IIM Ahmedabad.
4. He received the Bharat Ratna award for contributions to India’s progress.
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 2, 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans:(A)
Learning Zone:
Some of the most well-known institutions established by Dr Sarabhai are:
1. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
2. Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
3. Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad
4. Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad (along with his wife)
5. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
6. Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad (This institution came into existence
after merging six institutions/centres established by Sarabhai)
7. Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam
8. Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta
9. Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad
10. Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar
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The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was one
of his greatest achievements. He successfully convinced the government of the
importance of a space programme for a developing country like India after the
Russian Sputnik launch.
He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and Padma Vibhushan
(posthumously) in 1972.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1585211
https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai-1963-
1971
a) Cambodia
b) Tanzania
c) North Korea
d) Syria
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
Mount Paektu or Changbai (in Chinese) is a volcanic mountain that last
erupted over 1,000 years ago. It is situated at the border between DPRK and
China and for centuries has been considered sacred by the Koreans since they
treat it to be the spiritual origin of the Korean kingdom, where the founder was
born. At a height of about 9,000 feet, it is also the highest peak in the Korean
peninsula. According to a report in the Straits Times, Kim Il Sung fought
against the Japanese occupation forces here and North Koreans are led to
32
believe that Kim Jong Il was born here (Jong-Un’s father). The Kim family
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legitimises their rule over DPRK by referring to the “Mount Baekdu Bloodline”
(the mountain is also referred to as Baekdusan). A reference to the mountain is
made in the South Korean national anthem as well.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-the-
significance-of-mt-paektu-for-kim-jong-un-6074334/
Q31) Consider the following statements about the “Shirui Lily Festival” :
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Although the lily has been around since time immemorial, it was English
botanist Frank Kingdon-Ward who discovered the three-feet tall, bluish-pink
bell-shaped lily when he and his wife were visiting Manipur for research in
1946. He named the lily Lilium Mackliniae (botanical name) after his wife Jean
Macklin. The Lily won the merit prize from the 1948 Royal Horticultural Society
(RHS) at a flower show in London because of how unique it was.
It is special because it is a species of ground lily found exclusively in the Shirui
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Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/shirui-
lily-festival-of-manipur-kicks-off-on-october-16-rock-bands-nazareth-and-
extreme-to-perform/as71479629.cms
http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=373064
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
Spanning over a period of five days, components of the Indian Army, Navy, Air
Force and Coast Guard carried out mobilisation and field manoeuvres to
validate defensive plans of Headquarters ANC towards pursuance of the
Command's responsibility, namely ensuring the territorial integrity of the A&N
Islands.
In addition to internal forces from ANC, accretional forces from Mainland
34
comprising ships and aircraft, Special Forces from the newly formed Armed
Page
Forces Special Operations Division (AFSOD), also participated in this edition
(2019).
Source: https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=193871
1. The size of the ozone hole is the smallest it has been since 1962.
2. Ozone layer depletion over Antarctica occurs majorly in the Antarctic
autumn.
3. Ozone layer thickness is measured in Dobson units.
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
Recently (in October 2019) NASA declared that the size of the ozone hole has
been observed to be the smallest since 1982. The ozone hole has been observed
since the late 1970s, due to the effect of the proliferation of ozone-depleting
substances.
Ozone depletion occurs during the springtime (after winter in either
hemisphere).
35
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-to-
read-in-ozone-hole-size-6110708/
Q34) Bhashan Char Island has been in the news in the context of :
Ans: (B)
Learning Zone:
Thousands of Rohingya living in Bangladesh refugee camps have agreed to
move to an island in the Bay of Bengal, despite fears the site is prone to
flooding.
Dhaka has long wanted to move 100,000 refugees to the muddy silt islet,
saying it would take the pressure off the overcrowded border camps where
almost a million Rohingya live.
Some 740,000 Rohingya fled Myanmar in August 2017 in the face of a military
crackdown, joining 200,000 refugees already in makeshift tent settlements at
Cox’s Bazar.
36
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/rohingya-
refugees-agree-to-move-to-island/article29752080.ece
a) 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3
d) None of the above
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
Siachen glacier is part of the Karakoram range system. It is the longest glacier
in the Karakoram range and the second-longest in the world's non-polar areas.
It is the source of many rivers such as Nubra, which is a tributary of Shyok
river ( it rises from the Rimo glacier, which itself is a tongue of the Siachen
glacier ), which in turn is part of the Indus River System.
It is the highest battlefield in the world and lies on LoC between India and
Pakistan. It has been continuously contested, which has led to the
37
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-siachen-
glacier-now-open-to-tourists-how-far-what-facilities-6088435/
a) World bank
b) WEF
c) Credit Suisse Group
d) Goldman Sachs
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
Global Wealth Report 2019-Wealth is defined in terms of “net worth” of an
individual. This, in turn, is calculated by adding up the value of financial
assets (such as money) and real assets (such as houses) and then subtracting
any debts an individual may have.
The Credit Suisse Group, a Switzerland-based multinational investment bank,
has released the 10th edition of its annual Global Wealth Report. The report
typically tracks both the growth and distribution of wealth – in terms of the
numbers of millionaires and billionaires and the proportion of wealth that they
hold – as well as the status of inequality around the world.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-
38
determines-the-wealth-of-a-nation-global-wealth-report-china-overtakes-
Page
us-6082173/
Q37) World Bank recently released “Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Report
2019”. Consider the following criteria for calculating EoDB:
1. Registering property
2. Enforcing contracts
3. Employing workers
4. Getting credit
a) 1 and 2
b) 3 and 4
c) 2 and 3
d) 1 and 4
Ans: (A)
Learning Zone:
The country still lags in areas like enforcing contracts and registering property.
It takes 58 days and costs on average 7.8 per cent of a property's value to
register it, longer and at a greater cost than among OECD high-income
economies. And it takes 1,445 days for a company to resolve a commercial
dispute through a local first-instance court, almost three times the average
time in OECD high-income economies.
India has improved its score in the World Bank’s global Ease of Doing Business
rankings, rising 14 notches to be placed 63rd out of 190 countries on the back
of “sustained business reforms”.
India, along with other top improvers, implemented a total of 59 regulatory
reforms in 2018-19, accounting for a fifth of all reforms recorded worldwide.
Q38) Consider the following facts about Universal Postal Union (UPU):
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
Established in 1874, the Universal Postal Union (UPU), with its headquarters
in the Swiss capital Berne, is the second oldest international organization
worldwide.
With its 192 member countries, the UPU is the primary forum for cooperation
between postal sector players. It helps to ensure a truly universal network of
up-to-date products and services.
In this way, the organization fulfils an advisory, mediating and liaison role, and
provides technical assistance where needed. It sets the rules for international
mail exchanges and makes recommendations to stimulate growth in mail,
parcel and financial services volumes and improve the quality of service for
customers.
UPU is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal
policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system.
India joined the UPU on July 1, 1876, and Pakistan on November 10, 1947.
40
Page
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-rules-
for-global-post-and-how-pak-stopped-mail-to-and-from-india-6090658/
a) 5G
b) Cloud computing
c) Edge computing
d) Blockchain
Ans: (C)
Learning Zone:
Edge computing enables data to be analysed, processed and transferred at the
edge of a network. The idea is to analyse data locally, closer to where it is
stored, in real-time without latency, rather than send it far away to a
centralised data centre. So whether you are streaming a video on Netflix or
accessing a library of video games in the cloud, edge computing allows for
quicker data processing and content delivery.
The basic difference between edge computing and cloud computing lies in
where the data processing takes place.
At the moment, the existing Internet of Things (IoT) systems perform all of their
computations in the cloud using data centres. Edge computing, on the other
hand, essentially manages the massive amounts of data generated by IoT
devices by storing and processing data locally. That data doesn't need to be
sent over a network as soon as it processed; only important data is sent —
therefore, an edge computing network reduces the amount of data that travels
41
Q40) Consider the following statements about the Global Monitoring for
Environment and Security (GMES) programme:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (D)
Learning Zone:
The ESA’s Copernicus Sentinel-3 mission recorded 79,000 fires in August this
year, compared to just over 16,000 fires detected during the same period last
42
year. These figures were achieved by using data from the Sentinel-3 World Fire
Page
Atlas Prototype, which also provided a breakdown of these fires per continent.
The data revealed that 49% of the fires were detected in Asia, around 28% were
detected in South America, 16% in Africa, and the remaining were recorded in
North America, Europe and Oceania.
Copernicus is the European Union's Earth observation programme coordinated
and managed by the European Commission in partnership with the European
Space Agency (ESA), the EU Member States and EU Agencies.
43
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