Questions #1

- First, we calculate the mass of the sample:

𝑚 = %𝐶 × 𝑉 × 𝐷

𝑚 = 0.38 𝑥 1.19 𝑥 1000 𝑚𝐿 = 452.2 𝑔

Then, the molarity

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
452.2 𝑔 × = 12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
36.5 𝑔

𝑛 12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐶= = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟖 𝑴
𝑉 1𝐿

Then, the molality

𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (1.19 × 1000 𝑚𝐿) − 452.2 𝑔 = 737.8 𝑔 = 737.8 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔

𝑛 12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑏= = = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒍
𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 737.8 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔

Finally, the mole fraction

𝑛𝐻𝐶𝑙
𝑋𝐻𝐶𝑙 =
𝑛𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑛𝐻2𝑂

12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑋𝐻𝐶𝑙 =
1190 𝑔 − 452.2 𝑔
12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 + 𝑔
18
𝑚𝑜𝑙

12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑋𝐻𝐶𝑙 =
12.38 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 + 53.37 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑿𝑯𝑪𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟐

Questions #2

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
- (a) i. 𝑃𝐻2𝑂 = (35.7 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) × (760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟)
𝑃𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑒 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 – 𝑃𝐻2𝑂 = 0.822 𝑎𝑡𝑚 – 0.0470 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 0.775 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃𝑉 0.775 𝑎𝑡𝑚 × 0.0854 𝐿
𝑛 = = = 0.0264 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4
𝑅𝑇 0.0821 𝐿. 𝑎𝑡𝑚 × 305 𝐾
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4
ii. (0.200 𝑔 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻) × (46.08 𝑔) × 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 = 0.00434 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4
2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻

0.0264 𝑚𝑜𝑙
(b) % 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = × 100% = 60.8%
0.00434 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Questions #3

- A sulfur oxide is 50.0% by mass sulfur. This molecular formula could be?
Answer:
The molar mass of sulfur is 32 g and the molar mass of oxygen is 16 g.

In SO2 the amount of sulfur equals to 32 g and the amount of oxygen is (16 g x 2) or 32 g. So
the percentage of sulfur equals to 32/64 or 50%.

While for S2O4, the amount of sulfur is 64 g (32g x 2) and the amount of oxygen is 64g (16g x
4). Thus, the percentage of sulfur equals to 64/128 or 50%.

So the answer is either SO2 or S2O4.

- Combustion of a 1.031g sample of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen produced 2.265g of CO2 and 1.236g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?
Answer:
12 𝑔 𝐶
(2.265 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 × 44 𝑔 𝐶𝑂 ) 2.265 × 0.272
2
𝐶= = = 0.60 = 60 𝑔
1.031 𝑔 1.031

2 𝑔 𝐻2
(1.236 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 × ) 1.236 × 0.11
18 𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻= = = 0.133 = 13.3 𝑔
1.031 𝑔 1.031
𝑂 = 1 − 0.60 − 0.133 = 0.267 = 26.7 𝑔
Now we find the moles of all these elements:

1𝑚𝑜𝑙
60 𝑔 𝐶 × = 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
12𝑔
1𝑚𝑜𝑙
13.3 𝑔 𝐻 × = 13.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
1𝑔
1𝑚𝑜𝑙
26.7 𝑔 𝑂 × = 1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙
16𝑔

Next, divide each values with the smallest mole, 1.66 mol O
5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶= = 3
1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙
13.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐻= = 8
1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙

1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑂= = 1
1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙
So the final answer is C3H8O.

- What are the respective concentrations (M) of Fe3+ and I- afforded by dissolving 0.200 mol
FeI3 in water and diluting to 725 ml?
 Answer:
𝑛
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝐶 =
𝑉

Given, Moles of Fe³⁺ = 0.200 and the volume of solution = 725 ml = 0.725 L

0.200 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶 = = 0.276 𝑀
0.725 𝐿

The dissociation of Fel₃ in water equals to:

𝐹𝑒𝑙₃ → 𝐹𝑒³⁺ + 3𝑙⁻

1 mole of Fel₃ gives 1 mole of Fe³⁺ ions and 3 moles of l⁻

Since the solution is 0.276 M of Fel₃, so there are 0.276 M of Fe³⁺ ions, and

0.276 𝑀 × 3 = 0.828 𝑀 of l⁻ ions.

So the answer is 0.276 M and 0.828 M.

- How many kJ of heat are released when 15.75 g of Ba (s) reacts completely with oxygen to
form BaO (s)?
Answer:
Molar mass of Ba = 137.33 g/mol given that 2𝐵𝑎(𝑠) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 2𝐵𝑎𝑂(𝑠) equals to
2 𝑥 137.33 = 274.66 𝑔
For 15.75 g of Ba, heat released can be calculated:
−1107 𝑘𝐽 × 15.75 𝑔
= 63.5 𝑘𝐽
274.66 𝑔

Questions #4

- Calculate the freezing point (0°C) of a 0.05500m aqueous solution of NaNO3. The molal
freezing-point-depression constant of water is 1.86°C/m.
Answer:
To find the value of the freezing point, we can use this formula:
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝐾𝑓 × 𝑚 × 𝑖
and
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑓𝑜 − 𝑇𝑓
Where:
Kf = Freezing point constant (1.86°C/m)
m = Molality/molal concentration (0.05500m)
i = Van’t Hoff factor
∆𝑇𝑓 = Change in freezing point
𝑇𝑓𝑜 = Temperature of solvent/pure water (0°C)
𝑇𝑓 = Temperature of solution

First, we calculate the value of i for 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 , where the dissociation of 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 is:
 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 → 𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑁𝑂3−
The Van’t Hoff factor (i) equals to the number of solute particles, which means
𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑁𝑂3− = 1 + 1 = 2
Now, we can put all the values into the formula above:
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝐾𝑓 × 𝑚 × 𝑖
∆𝑇𝑓 = 1.86°𝐶/𝑚 × 0.05500𝑚 × 2
∆𝑇𝑓 = 0.2046°𝐶

∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑓𝑜 − 𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑓 = 0°𝐶 − 0.2046°𝐶
𝑇𝑓 = −0.2046°𝐶
Therefore, the freezing point of the given aqueous solution is -0.2046°𝑪.

- A sample of H2 gas (2.0 L) at 3.5 atm was combined with 1.5 L of N2 gas at 2.6 atm pressure
at a constant temperature of 25 °C into a 7.0 L flask. The total pressure in the flask is
__________ atm. Assume the initial pressure in the flask was 0.00 atm.
Answer:
We know that both gases have an end volume of 7.0 L, and since the temperature is
constant we will use:
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

Where
P1 and V1 are inital pressure and initial volume.
P2 and V2 are final pressure and final volume.

For H2 gas:
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
3.5 × 2 = 𝑃2 × 7
𝑃2 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
For N2 gas:
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
2.6 × 1.5 = 𝑃2 × 7
𝑃2 = 0.56 𝑎𝑡𝑚
Using Dalton’s law of partial pressures, in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure
exerted is said to be equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases. We can find the
total pressure as:
𝑃 = 𝑃𝐻2 + 𝑃𝑁2
𝑃 = 1 + 0.56
𝑷 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝒂𝒕𝒎 ≈ 𝟏, 𝟔 𝒂𝒕𝒎