908319position PDF

May, 2004
Understanding
“Position” in Welding
Walter J. Sperko, P. E.
Sperko Engineering Services, Inc.
4803 Archwood Dr.
Greensboro, NC 27406
www.sperkoengineering.com
sperko@asme.org
336-674-0600
FAX 336-674-0202
© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C
2005 OM
This presentation is copyrighted

by Sperko Engineering
• General permission is granted for use of this
presentation including printing thereof for
educational purposes provided credit is
given to Sperko Engineering.
• Use of the figures herein in any other
publication without specific written
permission is prohibited.

2005 OM
© Sperko Engineering 2004 1

May, 2004
This presentation is copyrighted

by Sperko Engineering
• The primary purpose of this presentation is
twofold:
– Make sure that code users understand the
difference between testing positions and
production welding positions
– Help users understand how to read the figures
that define production welding positions shown
on the next page.

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Production Welding Positions

Groove Welds Fillet Welds

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May, 2004
Standard Test Positions

Positions 1G, 3G, 6G, 2F, 5F, etc. are
specially defined standard positions
used for testing. They are properly
referred to as Test Positions. Similar
positions are found in ISO 6947
identified as PA, PC, PG, etc.

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Standard Testing Positions

Test positions are discreetly defined
positions of test coupons that are used
when mostly when testing welders.
These positions have tolerance of ±15°
from the defined horizontal planes and
±5° from a defined vertical or inclined
plane. See QW-120
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May, 2004
Testing Position 1G/PA

±5°
Weld Axis Horizontal
±15° Plate Horizontal

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Test Position 2G/PC

Weld Axis
Horizontal
±5°
±15°
Plates Vertical

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May, 2004
Test Position 3F/PF or PG
±5°
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Test Position 6G/HL045 or JL045
45°±5°
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May, 2004
Test Positions are Discreetly

Defined
• Because of tolerance limits on test positions,
positions in between test positions are undefined!
• That is, a weld that is inclined 22° uphill and
rotated 36° about its axis has no “G” or “F”
position. Such a position, however, may be
encountered during production welding.
• Production welding positions, therefore, need to
be defined contiguously.

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Test Positions Qualify Welders

for Specific Welding Positions
Test Positions Ä Welding Positions

Translations from test positions to welding positions are
made in the construction codes. QW-461.9 is typical.

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May, 2004
Test Positions Ä Welding Positions

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Welding Positions
Note to table:
(1) Positions of welding as shown in QW-461.1 and QW-461.2
F = Flat
H = Horizontal
V = Vertical
O = Overhead
(2) Pipe 2-7/8 in outside diameter and over.

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May, 2004
Welding positions for groove

welds are defined by the
following diagram.
NOTE
Welding Position Diagrams are
contiguous.

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Welding Positions for Groove Welds

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May, 2004
Tabulation showing transition

points between welding positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
HorizontalB 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°
210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the
following diagrams

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Let’s start with the

Flat Position

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May, 2004
Welding Positions

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
210 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
following diagrams

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Flat Positions Axis Inclination
15°

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May, 2004
Start at Nominal Flat Position
Face of weld is up

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Flat Upward Inclined Limit
Weld may
incline upward
to a limit of 15°
15°

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May, 2004
Flat Upward Inclined Limit

But the welder
could be traveling
down the incline. . .
15°

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Flat Downward Limit Is Implied
© Sperko Engineering 15°WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

2005 OM

May, 2004
Welding Positions

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
210 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
following diagrams

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Flat Position --Rotation About Axis

150° 180°
210°
30°
30°
© Sperko Engineering 0°
WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C
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May, 2004
Flat Rolled Limit Clockwise

180° 210°
30°

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Flat Rolled Limit Clockwise

30° 210°
Equivalent to
rotating
The plate 30° 180°

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May, 2004
Flat Rolled Limit Counterclockwise

150° 180°
30°

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Flat Rotated Limits Not

Considering Inclination
60°
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May, 2004
Welding Positions

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°
210 to 280°
210 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
following diagrams

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Flat Uphill Limit Rotated
15°
60°

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May, 2004
Flat Downhill Limit Rotated
15°
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Composite Flat Position Ranges
60°
30°

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May, 2004
Compare this range to 1G/PA. . .

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Testing Position 1G/PA

±5°
Weld Axis Horizontal
±15° Plate Horizontal

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May, 2004
Flat ≠ 1G !!!!

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Welding Positions

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
210 to 280°
210 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
following diagrams

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May, 2004
Horizontal Position Axis Inclined
15°

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Basic Horizontal Position

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May, 2004
Horizontal Position Uphill

Inclined Limit
15°

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Horizontal Position Downhill

Inclined Limit
15°
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May, 2004
Welding Positions

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
210 to 280°
210 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
following diagrams

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Horizontal Position Rotated

150° 210°
70° range
70° Range
80°

2005 OM 280°

May, 2004
Start at the Flat Rolled Limits

180° 210°
30°
Let’s go to an
end view. . . .
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Horizontal End View

Horizontal starts where 210°
Flat ends. . . .
30°

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May, 2004
Horizontal Rotates to where the

plate is perpendicular to the ground
Horizontal rotates
clockwise . .
30°

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Horizontal Position Rotated

Limit Horizontal ends
90° here. . . .
10°
30°
280°
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May, 2004
Non-inclined Horizontal Position

Limits
Starts with plate
Rotated 30°
70°

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Non-inclined Horizontal Position

Limits
Finishes with plate
Rotated 10° beyond
perpendicular
70°

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May, 2004
Composite Horizontal Position

Limits
15°
15°
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Compare Horizontal to 2G/PC

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May, 2004
Test Position 2G/PC

Weld Axis
Horizontal
±5°
±15°
Plates Vertical

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Horizontal ≠ 2G/PC !!!!

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May, 2004
Overhead Position
80°
280°
© Sperko Engineering
160° range
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Basic Overhead
Face of weld
is overhead!!!
0°
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May, 2004
Basic Overhead End View
Face of weld
© Sperkois overhead
Engineering
0°
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Overhead Partial Rotation

End View
Face of weld
is overhead
0°
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May, 2004
Overhead Maximum Rotation

End View
Face of weld on
This side
280°

2005 OM 0°
Overhead Maximum Opposite

Rotation End View
Face of weld on
This side
80° 280°

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May, 2004
Same Rotation in Isometric View

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Basic Overhead
Face of weld
is overhead
0°
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May, 2004
Overhead Partial Rotation

Isometric View
Face of weld
0° is overhead
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Overhead Maximum Rotation

Isometric View
Face of weld
On this side
280°

2005 OM 0°

May, 2004
Overhead Maximum Opposite

Rotation Isometric View
Face of weld
is on this side
80° 280°
© Sperko Engineering 0°
2005 OM
Overhead Position
Axis Inclination
80° range
80°
280°
160° range
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May, 2004
Basic Overhead for Inclined Axis
Face of weld
is overhead
0°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Rotation
0°
0°
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May, 2004
Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
80°
0°

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Weld can rotate 360°
about vertical axis
while inclined 10°
forward tilt. 80°
© Sperko Engineering 0° WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

2005 OM

May, 2004

10°
Weld can rotate about

The vertical axis
0°
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10°

The vertical axis
0°
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May, 2004

10°

The vertical axis
0°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit 10°

The vertical axis
0°
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May, 2004
10°

The vertical axis
0°
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10°

The vertical axis
0°
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May, 2004
Overhead Inclined Axis Limit10°
Weld ends up back

Where it started!
0°
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Composite Overhead Position Limits

360° 10°
80°
80°
© Sperko Engineering 0° 0°
WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C 280°
2005 OM

May, 2004
Overhead ≠ 4G/PE !!!!

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80°
Vertical Position Part 1
65° Range of Inclination
From 15 to 80°.
Face of weld is up
15°

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May, 2004

Range of inclination
Starts at 15°
Face of weld is up
15°

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Range of inclination
continues upward. . .
Greater than 15°

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May, 2004

Until reaching 80°
80°

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When the “E” portion
of the
diagram is reached
80°

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May, 2004
80°
The “E” portion
of the diagram --
360° Rotation
About vertical axis

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The “E” portion of the
diagram begins here. .
80°

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May, 2004

Partial rotation about
Vertical axis

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More rotation about
Vertical axis

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May, 2004

Even more rotation about
Vertical axis

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Rotated 180° about
Vertical axis

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May, 2004

Continuing Rotation about
Vertical axis

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Vertical axis

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May, 2004

Vertical axis

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360° of Rotation about
Vertical axis completed

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May, 2004

200° Range
of Rotation
80°
280°

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Start here with inclination

Uphill or Downhill 15°
Face of weld upward
15°

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May, 2004
Rotate face while holding

Inclination constant
15°

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Continue rotating with

15°

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May, 2004
Rotated to vertical limit

15°
280°
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Return to starting position

Face of weld upward
15°

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May, 2004
Rotate face of weld

Opposite direction
Inclination Constant 15°
15°

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Continue rotating
Opposite direction
15°

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May, 2004
Plate near vertical

15°

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Plate at vertical limit

of rotation.
80°
15°

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May, 2004

200° Range of
Rotation inclined
80°
15°
280°
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80°
200° Range of Rotation

Inclination angle
Increases 280°

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May, 2004

80°
200° Range of Rotation
Inclination angle
Increases more. . .
280°

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Vertical Position 360°
Composite
65°
200°
80°
© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C 280°

2005 160° range
OM

May, 2004
Welding Positions for Fillet Welds

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Flat Fillet Weld

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May, 2004
Horizontal Fillet Weld

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May, 2004

Tabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds

Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
HorizontalB 0 to 15° 125 t0 150°
210 to 235°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to125°
235 to 360°
E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°

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The Horizontal Range
Is smaller for fillet welds
Than it is for groove welds

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May, 2004
Welding Positions for Groove Welds

2005 OM
Questions?
Feedback?
Can you explain the diagrams to
your friends?
Send e-mail to:

Sperko@asme.org

2005 OM

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May, 2004

This presentation is copyrighted

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 1

This presentation is copyrighted

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Production Welding Positions

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 2

Standard Test Positions

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Standard Testing Positions

© Sperko Engineering 2004 3

Testing Position 1G/PA

±15° Plate Horizontal

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Test Position 2G/PC

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 4

Test Position 3F/PF or PG

Test Position 6G/HL045 or JL045

© Sperko Engineering 2004 5

Test Positions are Discreetly

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Test Positions Qualify Welders

Test Positions Ä Welding Positions

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 6

Test Positions Ä Welding Positions

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 7

Welding positions for groove

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Welding Positions for Groove Welds

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 8

Tabulation showing transition

Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Let’s start with the

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 9

Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Flat Positions Axis Inclination

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 10

Start at Nominal Flat Position

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Flat Upward Inclined Limit

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 11

Flat Upward Inclined Limit

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Flat Downward Limit Is Implied

© Sperko Engineering 15°WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

© Sperko Engineering 2004 12

Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face

© Sperko Engineering WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.C

Flat Position --Rotation About Axis

© Sperko Engineering 2004 13

Flat Rolled Limit Clockwise