1

LOW COST HOUSING

Parmar Shubhamkumar Nareshbhai (186058306003)

Patel Neelkumar Shaileshbhai (186058306004)
Patel Rushil Alkeshbhai (186058306005)
Suthar Pravin Dhanaram (186058306007)
Vahora Ahesan Nazirbhai (186058306008)

GUIDED BY :
Prof. PANKAJ N. PRAJAPATI

DIPLOMA CIVIL ENGINEERING.(SFI)

BHAILALBHAI BHIKHABHAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
2
 CONTENTS
3

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Aim and Objectives
4. Materials and Methodology
5. Scope of Work
6. Layout of Building Plan
7. Result and Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. References
 1. INTRODUCTION
4

LOW COST HOUSING

 Low cost housing can be considered affordable for low and moderate-
income earner if household can acquire a housing unit for an amount up to
30% of its household income.

 In developing countries such as India, only 20% of total populations are

high income earners, who are able to afford normal housing units.

 The low-income groups in developing countries are generally unable to

access the housing market.
5

LOW COST HOUSING

 Low cost housing is an new concept which deals with effective budgeting
and following if technique which help in reducing construction cost
through use of locally available materials along with improved skill and
technologies without sacrificing strength, performance and life of structure
(Kumar,1999; Civil Engineering portal, 2008).

 Like any other developing country, India too is presently passing through a
phase of acute housing shortage.
6

LOW COST HOUSING

 As per National Buildings Organization (NBO) estimates, in 2015, there
was a shortage of 31 million dwelling units in the country out of which
shortage of 10.4 million units existed in the urban sector and the remaining
20.6 million units in the rural sector.

 The backlog of housing is expected to mount up to 41 million by the turn

of century.

 The picture is abysmally dismal at the lower end of the economic ladder.
7

SITE SELECTION
 Cost of site plays an important role in overall construction cost as total cost
generally depends upon land.

 if the cost of land on which construction need to be carried out is high

then the total cost of construction will also high.
8

FOUNDATION
 It is lowest part of the structure on which entire
structure rest.

 The main function of foundation is to transfer

complete load of structure uniformly to the soil bellow
it.

 About 10% to 15% of total cost is spend in foundation.

 Therefore, alternative methods like micro piles instead

of H piles are generally used to lower the cost.
9

COLUMN
 Columns are generally
compression member.

 They are structural element that

transmit through compression,
the weight of structure above to
other structural element below.
10

FLEXTURAL MEMBERS
 A flexural member are the members which
are subjected to tension and compression.

 The beam is an flexural members.

 It is the most important part of structure in

which cost is reduced by using alternative
material rather than conventional steel
reinforcement.

 It is used in high rise building to reduce

cost.
11

PLASTERING
 This generally first consist of
construction of wall by using fly
ash brick or other low cost brick
and then providing it finishing
by application of plaster on the
wall surface.
12

GFRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum)

 GFRG Panels are pre-fabricated load bearing
wall panels. In other words, GFRG Panels are
prefabricated Gypsum Boards reinforced with
Glass Fibre

 Use of GFRG panels eliminates the use of

blocks/bricks for constructing of the structure

 GFRG Walls doesn’t require any plastering.

 2. Literature Review
13

1.LOW COST HOUSING

Authors:-Inku Taur and Vidya devi

Published in:-TCE Consulting Engineers Ltd, New Delhi, India.

Year of Publication:-AUG-2009

 various aspects of prefabricated building methodologies for low cost housing by

highlighting the different prefabrication techniques, and the economical advantages
achieved by its adoption.
 In a building the foundation, walls, doors and windows, floors and roofs are the
most important components, which can be analyzed individually based on the
needs thus, improving the speed of construction and reducing the construction cost.
 The major current methods of construction systems considered here are namely, structural
block walls, mortar less block walls, prefabricated roofing components like precast RC
planks, precast hollow concrete panels, precast concrete/Ferro cement panels are considered.
14

2.LOW COST HOUSING

Authors:-Shaikh Ajim and Badhe Ajinkya

Published in:-International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Year of Publication:-Mar-2017

Before considering the designing of house it is described to study the basic

requirement in house designing.
1.Strength and stability
2.Comfort and convenience
3.Protection
4.Resistance to moisture penetration
5.Thermal insulation
6. Durability
15

3. Study of Low Cost Housing : A Review

Authors:- Akhildeep Kurup

Published in:- International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering

Year of Publication:- January 2018

 There should be optimal space in the design considering efficiency of space,

minimum circulation space.

 While preparing the specifications it should be kept in mind that, cost effective
construction systems are adopted.

 Energy efficiency has gained considerable importance due to energy crisis

especially in developing countries. Orientation, built–form, openings & materials
play a vital role besides landscaping / outdoor environment.

 `
16

4. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna An assessment from Housing Adequacy Perspective

Authors:- Dr. Nisar Khan
Published in:-International Journal of Research and analytical Reviews (IJRAR)
Year of Publication:-May-2019

 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY) is the current national housing program of the
Government of India. It was launched on 15April 2015 as an iteration to the
erstwhile and now subsumed Rajiv Awas Yojna (RAY) and Indira Awas Yojna
(IAY). It has to be implemented in three phases wise 2015 to 2017 (completed);
2017 to 2019; 2019 to 2022 covering 100, 200 and rest of the cities respectively.
17

 PMAY is one of the most ambitious national program with the funding outlay of
USD 28 Billion from the central government. It has four component schemes
targeting cross sections of socio-economic groups from Economically Weaker
Section(EWS) to Middle Income Group (MIG). The first scheme is aimed at slum
eradication by In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) with private partnership. In
this scheme Private developer will develop and provide housing to slum dwellers
in exchange of 40% of the land for commercial or residential development. Second
Scheme is about making housing affordable by providing Credit Linked Subsidy
(CLSS) to the cross section of income groups on a credit term of 20 years. The
beneficiaries can avail the benefits of this scheme through the crediting banks or
online applications.
18

 Third scheme is Affordable Housing (AHP) in partnership with private land public
sectors. Fourth scheme is Beneficiary Led Housing (BLC) specially targeting the
rural households in providing cash benefits to construct or enhance their houses.
This scheme also combines with other schemes like Swatch Bharat for the
construction of toilets and MGNREGA for providing employment in the
construction activity.
19

OVER VIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW

 Using these type of construction technology we found that the building
cost can be saved by consuming low cost housing technologies.

 Reinforced concrete is very common in building material. But steels are

subjected to oxidation when exposed to marine area.

 So we can use the material is made which is fiber reinforced polymer

composite made of resin fiber having potential to overcome performance
and cost void.
20

OVER VIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW

 The effect of GFRP with maximum percentage of fly ash in interlocking
bricks is studied. Materials used for the casting of brick were cement, fly
ash, stone-dust, GFRP, fine aggregate and water which were mixed in
varying proportions and blocks of size 230 x 100 x 75mm are obtained and
were tested for different values of compressive strength and it was noted
that the compressive strength of any individual block shouldn't fall under
the minimum average compressive strength by more than 20%.
21

OVER VIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW

 The study of literature includes deep investigation of the research done in

past decades aiming to provide low cost housing and studies the results of

the study done by various authors and ultimately provides the future scope

of their study.
 3. Aims and Objective
22

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

 To study different types of construction materials and technique used.

 To reduce the cost of construction.

 Low-cost construction materials and techniques used for sustainable

development.

 To identify total cost required for completing a project using conventional

and cost- effective technology.

 To compare cost and time reduction by adopting different materials and

techniques for large scale project.
 4. Materials and Methodology
23

GENERAL
 Like any other developing countries, India too is passing through a phase
of acute housing.

 There are generally two methods of construction.

1. Conventional method generally consists of old and traditional methods

of construction.

2. Non-conventional method consists of use of advanced materials.

 Both this method is generally compared on the basis of parameter like

time, cost, quality, maintenance, etc.
24

GENERAL
 Based on the above concluded observations the method which is
more suitable can be adopted so as to save both time and money.

 The work is generally organized in following stages.

 Whole project is carried out by finding out alternative method of

construction rather than conventional method in each step with
main aim focusing toward low cost.
25

SITE SELECTION
 While considering low cost construction, one of the major activity that
consume major cost is the cost of land.

 Hence, we need to focus on the land which are easily available and mainly
affordable and of low cost.

 Site selection indicates the practice of new facility location, both for
business and government.

 Site selection involves measuring the needs of new project against the
merits of potential locations.
26

SITE SELECTION
 The practice came of age during the 20 centuries, as government and
cooperate operations expanded new geographies on national and
international scale.

 Gujarat government has decided to adopt a policy of offering incentives by

allowing 2.5 Floor Space Index (FSI) to all the low-cost housing projects
taken up under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) across the state.

 Moreover, the projects on agriculture land and no development zone have

also been permitted with 1 FSI for constructing affordable houses.
27

GOVE. SCHEME
 Such projects also shall avail subsidy of Rs2.5 lakh per home from the
government and all the other benefits prescribed under PMAY.

 Floor Space Index (FSI) typically indicates how high a developer can build
on a plot. It is the ratio of total built-up area to the size of the plot.

 The notification said 2.5 FSI will be allowed to the development projects
undertaken under PMAY where tenements shall be constructed for the
economically weaker section (EWS) and LIG (lower income group),
subject to the certain rules and regulations such as the approaching road
shall be of 15-metre.
28

GOVE. SCHEME
 The project shall not fall on forest land, environmentally sensitive zone or
having coastal regulation restrictions.
 The notification further permits affordable housing projects on agriculture
land and plots coming under no development zones with 1 FSI for
constructing the small houses.
 The ‘housing for all mission’ is one of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s pet
projects and the PMAY was launched in 2015.
 The Vijaybhai Rupani-led Gujarat government has set an ambitious target
of constructing 19 lakh low-cost houses under the scheme by 2022.
29

GOVE. SCHEME
 The PMAY permits private developers to sell 50% houses at the rates of
their choice while the rest of the houses have to be sold at the rates
determined by the government agency — Gujarat Housing and Area
Development Authority
30

FOUNDATION
 A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfer its
gravity load to the earth.

 Foundation are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations

(wall footing ) and deep foundations ( pile foundation ).

 A building must have strong foundation to stand for longer life time.

 Out of total construction cost 10% to 15% of the cost is spend under
foundation.

 Therefore, for an economical construction of foundation alternative

techniques shall be used.
31

WALL FOOTING
PILE FOUNDATION FOUNDATIOON
32

PILE FOUNDATION

 Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is actually a slender column or

long cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel which are used to

support the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either by end

bearing or skin friction.

 Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender,

columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or

sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is

more than three times its breadth.

33

WHEN PILE FOUNDATION USE

 When the groundwater table is high.
 Heavy and un-uniform loads from superstructure are imposed.
 Other types of foundation are costlier or not feasible.
 When the soil at shallow depth is compressible.
 When there is the possibility of scouring, due to its location near the river
bed or seashore, etc.
 When there is a canal or deep drainage systems near the structure.
 When soil excavation is not possible up to the desired depth due to poor
soil condition.
 When it becomes impossible to keep the foundation trenches dry by
pumping or by any other measure due to heavy inflow of seepage.
34

ADVANTAGES OF PILE FOUNDATION

 They can be precast to specifications.
 They can be pre-made into any length, shape, and size and used on site
thus reducing the completion time.
 A screw pile foundations bearing capacity increase when it is driven into
the granular soil because the adjacent mass of soil is compacted around the
pile.
 The piles give a clean and neat presentation thus requiring minimum
supervision and less storage space.
 The piles can be used in places that do not allow drilling of holes because
of borrowing and finding pressurized underground water tables.
 They are a great choice when working over water as is the case with piles
in jetties and wharf structures.
35

COLUMN
 A column in structural engineering is a structural element that transmit
through compression, the weight of structure above to the structural
element below. Column are generally compression member.

 Column are important part of the structure as entire load of slab and beam
are transfer to the column.

 Therefore, it is necessary to construct the column with necessary strength

and striving towards the economy.

 Different methodologies of column construction are.

36

GFRG (Glass fiber reinforced gypsum)

 GFRG Panels are pre-fabricated load bearing wall

panels.

 In other words, GFRG Panels are prefabricated

Gypsum Boards reinforced with Glass Fibre.

 Use of GFRG panels eliminates the use of

blocks/bricks for constructing of the structure.

 FRG Panels are being precast in the industries and

then brought to the site and fixed on the structure.

 The GFRG Panels being used for walls is filled

with concrete inside it.
37

GFRG (Glass fiber reinforced gypsum)

 After the foundation is laid (using conventional method), these GFRG
panels are being erected on the foundation with the help of cranes.
 A special locking system is being used to grip the ribs of the panel on top.
 GFRG Walls doesn’t require any plastering.
 The main component that goes into construction of GFRG Panels is a
powder that is a residual of many fertilizer industries and is available at
very cheap rate in market.
 Apart from the cost, it is easier to assemble and does not require curing
time (like normal concrete). It therefore decreases the duration of
construction and hence labour cost involved.
38

GFRG (Glass fiber reinforced gypsum)

 To summarize the GFRG technique saves money
by
1. Providing cheaper substitute than Concrete
and Bricks for construction
2. Reducing the duration of overall
construction and hence saving labour cost
 You can save up to 50% on overall cost of
construction with this technology.
39
40

GFRG ADVANTAGES
 Economic, can save upto 30% of the total cost

 Rapid construction

 NO beams or columns needed

 Eco-friendly

 Cooler upto 4 degrees

 Fire resistant upto 1000 degrees

 Earthquake resistant

 Saves tonnes of cement and sand

41

GFRG ADVANTAGES
 Light weight(43 kg/m2) hence low load transferred to the foundation

 Increased strength

 Greater life (Lasts upto 80 years, Conventional building lasts upto 50

years)

 Water resistant

 Less maintenance cost

 More carpet area (Usable area inside house)

 5. Scope of Project
42

 Low cost housing is a term used to describe dwelling units whose total
housing cost are deemed “Affordable” to a group of people with in a
specified income range.
 In India, the technology to be adopted for housing components should be
such that the production and erection technology be adjusted to suite the
level of skills and handling facilities available under metropolitan, urban
and rural conditions.
 Low cost housing can be achieved by the use of efficient planning and
project management, locally available materials, economical construction
technologies and use of alternate construction methods available.
 6. Layout of Building Plan
43
44

3D PLAN
 7. References
45