68. What is menu parameters ?

For a menu that will be run in full-screen display style, you can associate a
substitution parameter with a specific menu, rather than with an individual menu
item. When a parameter is associated with a menu, Oracle forms prompts for the
parameter value when the operator navigates to that menu, without waiting for
operator to select a specific item on the menu.

69. What is copy procedure ?

The copy procedure assigns an indicated value to an indicated variable or
item. Standard pl/sql assignment, however, using the copy procedure allows you to
indirectly reference the item whose value is being set.

70. What is a alert and what are its types ?

An alert is a modal window that displays a message notifying the operator of
some application condition. Three alert styles are there stop, caution , note these
are used to convey action severoty.

71. What is a Library ?

A Library is a collection of subprograms, including user-named procedures,
functions, and packages. Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-
side program units and sharing them among multiple applications.
There are three library file formats .PLL, .PLX, .PLD.
.PLL-------The library .pll file contains both library source code and the
compiled, platform-specific p-code (executable code). The .pll file is created or
updated when you save your library module. In addition, when you save your library
module, the changes are reflected in each module to which the library is attached.
.PLX-------The Library .plx file is a platform-specific executable that contains no
source . If you want generate a version of your library that contains only the
complied p-code, without any source this is used. The .plx file can only be
generated from the command line.
.PLD-------The .pld file is a text format file, and can be used for source-
controlling your library files.

72. What is RDBMS ? What are different data base models ?

In RDBMS the data are stored in the form of tables i.e. rows and columns.
Different database models are HDBMS, NDBMS,RDBMS.

73. What is sql ?

SQL is stuctured query language. It is a non-procedural language that is
written in english.

74. what is a transaction ?

Transaction is a piece of logical unit of work done between two succesive
commits or rollback.

75. What is commit ?

Commit is TCL statement to make changes permanent into the database.

76. What is rollback ?

It is a statement(TCL) which undoes all changes till a savepoint or to
begining of transaction.

77. What DDL ?

Statements used to define or alter user defined objects like tables,views etc
(CAD).

78. What is DML ?

It is a set of statements used to manipulate data . (SUDI).
79. What is a Lock ?
To lock one or more tables in a specified mode. Lock manually overrides
automatic locking and permits or denies access to a table or view by other users
for the duration of our operation.

80. What is deadlock ?

When two user attempts to perform the actions that interfere with one another
the situation is defined as deadlock.

81. What is shared lock ?

If this type of lock is applied on a table then other users can query the
table only.

82. What is an Exclusive lock?

This mode of lock permits only query to other user & permits other user to
enter into a lock on the same data.

83. What is share row-exclusive lock ?

This mode allows others to look at the table but does not allow them to lock
the table in shared mode or updating mode.

84. What are group functions ?

Function that are used to get summary information about a group or set or
rows of a table.

85. What is indexing ?

Index is an ordered list of the contents of a column or group of columns of
table.

86. What are clusters ?

Cluster is a schema objects that contain one or more tables that have one or
more columns in common rows of one or more tables are stored together in the
database.

87. What is a View ?

View is like a window through which you can view or change information of a
table. A view is also termed as virtual table.

88. What is a Rowid ?

Rowid is address of each row contaning information about datafile, datablock
etc.

89. What is data integrity ? What are its types ?

A mechanism used by RDBMS to prevent invalid data entry into base tables.
Entity integrity, referential integrity and general business rules.

90. What is referential integrity ?

Enforces master / detail relationship between tables based on same server.

91. What are different datatypes ?

Internal datatypes like Character, Date, Rowid, Raw, Longraw etc.,
Composite datatypes like Table datatype, Record datatype.

92. What is varchar2, how is it different from char ?

Varchar2 datatype specifies a variable length character string. Memory is
saved if varchar2 is used. Do not use varchar2 if frequent updates are carried out.

93. What is a Null ?

 A data field without any value in it is called a null value.

94. What is a Sequence ?

A sequence is a database object from which multiple user can generate unique
integers.

95. What are pseude-columns ?

Columns which are not part of a table are called psedue-columns.

96. What is like operators ? How is it different from in operators ?

Like operators is used in character string comparisions with pattern
matching.
In operator is used to perform eqality condition between two conditions.
97. What are single row number functions ?
The type of functions that will return value after each row is processed

98. What are date functions?

Function that operate on oracle dates are date functions.

99. What is new_time functions?

Syntax new_time(DAB). This function returns date and time in a time zone.b
and time zone.a and b are character expressions.

100. What is convert functions ?

Convert function converts two different implementations of the same character
set.
eg., ---we8ph,L7dec,we6dec etc.

101. What is an expression ?

An expression is a group of value and operatiors which may be evaluated as a
single function.

102. What are different type of operators ?

Logical operators, Compound operators, Arithematic operators, Negating
operators.

103. What is a condition ?

Condition is said to be of the logical datatype that evaluates to a true of
flase value.

104. What are the forms of conditions ?

A comparision with expression or sub query results.
A comparisions with any or all members in a list or a subquery.
A test for membership in a list or a subquery.
A test for inclusion in a range.
A test for nulls.
A test for existence of rows in a subquery.
A test involving pattern matching.
A combination of ther conditions.

**result set : is a set of rows returned by this query.

**cursor : is a pointer to an area in memory allocated by an oracle instance in
order to maintain information about executing the query.
##select into stmt can cause 2 predefined exceptions:
NO_DATA_FOUND,TOO_MANY_ROWS.
105. What are cursors ?
Oracle uses work areas called private Sql area to execute Sql statements &
processing information.This private Sql work areas are known as Cursors.
106. What are Explict cursors?
cursors defined to perform multiple row select are known as explict cursors.

107. What is a PL/SQl?

It is a transcation processing language that offer procedural solutions.

108. What is Embebbed SQL?

Sql statements written in a host language are known as embedded sql
statements.

109. What are conditional constructs of pl/sql?

Statements that are useful to have a control over the set of statements
being executed as a single unit are called as conditional constructs. eg.,----
then------elsif etc.

110. How to difine a variable in pl / sql ?

Variable name datatype(size) not null := value ;

111. How t define a cursor in pl / sql ?

Cursor variable is <query>.

112. What ar exceptions ?

The block where the statements are beign defined to handle internal and user
defined pl/sql errors.

113. What are system exception ?

When an oracle error is enconuntered pl /sql block raises an error by itself.
Such errors are called as internal or system defined exception. eg.,-----zero
divide, no data found, value error, too-many-rows.

114. What is a schema ?

Schema is a logical collections of related items of tables and views.

115. What are profiles ?

A profile is a file that contains information about the areas that a user can
access.

116. What are roles ?

A role is a collection of related privileges that an administrator can grant
collectively to database users.

117. How can we alter user password ?

Syntax alter user user_name identified by passwd;

118. What is table space ?

A tablespace is a partition or logical area of storage in a database that
corrosponds to one or more physical data files.

119. What is an extent ?

Extent is no of contignous block that oracle7 allocates for an object when
more space is nessasary for the object data.

120. What are pctfree and pctused parameters ?

pctfree controls how much of the space in a block is reserved for statements
that update existing rows in a table.
pctused is a percentage of used space in a block that triggers the database
to return to the tables free space list.

121. What is a block in oracle ?

 The place where data is stored physically in an operating system is known as
block.

122. What is client-server architecture ?

A client server system has three distinct components focusing on a specific
job.
A database server.
A client application and a network.
Types of client server architecture
1. Dedicated client server architecture.
2. Multi threaded client server architecture.
3.single task client server architecture.
Dedicated c/s :- connect the client directly to the dedicated server.
Multi threaded c/s :- this combination of dispatcher, listner and front end server
process to serve the request of many clients with min process overhead on the
database server.
Single task server :- In host based database server system a user employs a
terminal or terminal emulator to establish a session on the host computer to run
the client database application.

123. What is segment in oracle ? What are its type ?

The place where the data is stored in the allotted tablespace are called as
segments. Three types are 1)index segment, 2) rollback segment, 3) temporary
segment, 4) bootstrap segment.

124. What is the use of the Rollback segment?

It is a portion of a database that records the information of the actions
that should be done under certain circumstances like transcation rollback read
consistency.

125. What is Read consistency in Oracle?

It is a process that ignores all changes by others in a table whenever it is
queried
Set transaction read only.

126. What is SGA?

The library Cache & Dictionary Cache makes up the shared pool .The shared
pool combined with buffer cache make up the system global area.
A library chache it stores the sql statements and pl/sql procedures.
Dictionary cache holds dictionary information in memory.
Buffer cache the place where the datas related to recently requested transaction is
stored.

127. What are background process ?

Server activity is divided as foreground and background processes foreground
handles the request from the client. Background handles other specific request of
the server like writing data etc.

128. What is system userid ?

Whenever you create a database an userid is automatically created related
with database administration connections. This userid is called system userid.

129. Sys userid ?

it is a special account through which dbsdbs can execute special database dba
connections.

130. What is data dictionary ?

It provides alll the information of database objects, privelages, etc.
131. What is sql dba ?
Sql dba is a utility through which you can manage database system
effectively.

132. What are database files ?

The physical files of oracle are known as database files.

133. What is a log file ?

The files that contains information about the information or recovery of
oracle database at the event of system crash or load failure.

134. What is a control file ?

A control is a small binary file containing all the system executable code
named as oracle .def. It contains database name,log files, database creation.

135. What does an update statement do ?

Updates rows in the table.

136. What is an instance ?

Oracle instance is that which provides the mechanism for processing and
controlling the database.

137. what is an instance?

Oracle instance is that which provnides the mechanism for processing &
controlling the database.

138. What is startup & shutdown?

Startup is a process making the oracle database to be accessedby all
users.There are three stages
1) start a new instance for the database.
2) Mount the database to the instance.
3) opening the mounted database.
shutdown is a process making the oracle database unavailable for all users. Close
database, dismount the database from the instance, terminate the instance.

139. What is two phase commit ?

All database servers in a distributed database either commit or rollback all
the statements in a transaction.

140. What are snapshots ?

A snapshot is a table that contains the results of query of one or more
tables or views often located on a remote database.

141. what is a system variable ?

System variable is a sql * forms variable that keeps track of some internal
process of sql forms in state.

142. What are global variables ?

Global variable is a sql forms variable that is active in any tirgger within
a form and is active through out sql form session.

143. What are different type of objects in sql * forms ?

Form, Block, Field, Pages, Triggers, Form-level-triggers.

144. What are pages ?

Pages are collection of display information such as constant text and
graphics. All fields are displayed in a page.
145. What is a block and what are its types ?
Block is an object of forms that describes section of a form and server as a
default database inteface. Control block, detail block, master block, multi record
block, not enterable block, single record block.

146. What is page zero ?

The place where the hidden fields are placed in an application.

147. What does message procedure do ?

The message procedure displays specified text on the message line.

148. What is array size parameter do ?

The array size parameter is a block charecteristics that specifies the
maximum number of records that sql forms can fetch form the database at one time.

149. How to send parameters to another form ?

use global variables.

150. How to give automatic hint to form fields ?

Set hint attribute in the property sheet for the fields to true.