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( Reaffirmed 2005 )
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Indian Standard
COOFtDINATE METROLOGY
PART 2 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COORDMATE MEASURING MACHINES
ICIS 17.040.30
@ BIS 1996
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Engineering Metrology Sectional Committee, LM 05
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) which is identical with IS0 10360-2 : 1994 ‘Coordinate metrology -
Part 2 : Performance assessment of coordinate measuring machines’, issued by the International
Organization fo&tandardization (tSO), was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the
recommendation of the Engineering Metrology Sectional Committee (LM 05) and approval of the
Light Mechanical Engineering Division Council.
Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are most modern method of dimensional inspection. With
the advent of numerically controlled machine tools, demand grew for a means to support this
equipment with faster first piece inspection and in many cases 100 percent inspection. To fill this
gap CMMs were developed by modifying precision layout machines.
The primary assessment of the performance of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is, where
practicable, a length-measuring task. The reasonsfor this approach are:
- to make the test conform, as closely as possible, to a frequently-performed measurement
procedure; and
- to provide well-defined traceability to the unit length, the metre.
The test of the -probing system is intended to assess probing errors, including those not revealed
by the acceptance test, associated with the contacting type of CMM probing system operating in
the discrete-point measuring mode. Because it is not possible to completely isolate the probing
errors from other sources of machine error, some measurement errors, of both static and dynamic
origin, inherent in the other parts of the CMM measuring system will also be measured by this test.
The text of~lS0 Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard. Certain
terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should
be read as ‘Indian Standard’.
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard, reference appears to IS0 3650 : 1978. The Indian Standard IS 2984 : 1981
‘Specification for slip gauges (first revision) which is technically equivalent with IS0 3650 : 1978, is
to be substituted in its place.
The’concerned technical committee has reviewed the provisions of VIM International Vocabulary of
Basic and General Terms in General Metrology in this adopted standard and has decided that it is
acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result -of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off
in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
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IS/IS0 10360-2 : 1994
Indian Standard
COORDINATE METROLOGY
PART 2 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES
This part of IS0 10360 specifies: VIM, International Vocabulary of Bask and General
Terms in Metrology.
a) the acceptance test, which verifies that the per-
formance of a coordinate measuring machine
(CMM) and the CMM probing system is as stated 3 Definitions
by the manufacturer;
For the, purposes of this part of IS0 10360, the fol-
b) the reverification test, which enables the user to lowing definitions apply.
reverify CMM performance and the CMM probing
system periodically; 3.1 coordinate measuring machine (CMM):
Measuring device, the base of which is fixed in place
the interim check (see annex A), which enables during use, designed to take measurements from at
the user to make checks on a CMM and the CMM least three linear or, angutar displacements generated
probing system between regular reverification by the machine. At least one of the three displace-
tests; ments shall be linear measurement.
in relation to the three-dimensional error of length 3.2 error of indication of a CMM: Indication of a
measurement of a CMM capable of measuring CMM minus the (conventional) true value of the
Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical coordinates of points measurand.
in space. A limited number of tests is carried out, but
their locations may be anywhere within the working NOTE 1 Error of indication includes the error of the ma-
volume of the CMM. Three nonredundant axes (ex- terial standard of length.
cluding the axes associated with the probe system)
shall be tested. 3.3 uncertainty of dimensional measurement:
Estimate chaticterizing the range of values within
which the true value of a measurand lies.
2 Normative references
3.4 material standard: Material measure reproduc-
The following standards conta-in provisions which, ing a known value of a dimensional quantity (length,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions diameter, etc.) which is tiaceable to national stan-
of this part of IS0 10360. At the time of publication, dards, and is used for the verification test of a CMM.
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agieements based 3.5 material standard of length: Material standard
on this part of IS0 10360 are encouraged to investi- containing two or more nominally parallel planes, the
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- distance between these planes being specified.
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid NOTE 2 Examples of material standards of length are
International Standards. gauge blocks according to IS0 3650 and step gauges.
IS/IS0 10360-2 : 1994
3.6 error of indication of a CMM for length 4 Acceptance test and periodic
measurement, E: By convention, the error with
which the length of the material standard can be de-
reverification of the CMM
termined with a CMM, the measurement being taken
through two opposite points on two nominally parallel
planes, normal to one .of the planes, when the points 4.1 Operating conditions
are approached from opposite directions.
Before beginning the tests given in 4.2 and 4.3, the
The error of indication of a CMM for length measure-, CMM shall b-e operated using the procedures as
ment, E, expressed in micrometres, is stated in one specified in the manufacturer’s instruction manual, for
of three forms: example:
3.8 probing-error, R: By convention, the error within 4.2.2.2 Material standard of length, either a step
which the range of radii of a material standard can be gauge or a series of gauge blocks conforming to
determined with a CMM, the measurements being IS0 3650 being strongly recommended.
taken using a sphere as substrate.
It is recommended that
R is a positive constant error whose value is supplied
by the CMM manufacturer. - the longest length of the material standard is at
least 66 % of the longest space diagonal;
The value of R applies for any location of the material
standard within the working volume of the CMM and - the shortest length of the material standard is less
for any probing direction. than 30 mm.
4.2.3.2 For each of the seven configurations, take 5 Acceptance test and reverification of
and record measurements of five test jengths, each
measured three times. (The total number of length the CMM probing system
measurements is thus 105.1 Measure one point only
at each end of the test length for each length 5.1 Principle
measurement.
The principle of the acceptance method is used to
NOTE 3 Supplementary measurements are normally re- establish whether the CMM is capable of measuring
quired for alignment purposes. It is recommended that the within the manufacturer’s stated value of R by deter-
alignment method used be consistent with the procedures mining the range of values of the radial distance r on
used during calibration. a reference sphere.
For each of the 105 measurements, calculate the er- 5.2.1 Coordinate measuring machine probing
ror of length measurement, AZ,, as the absolute value system to be tested (see 3.1).
of the difference between the indicated value and the
true value of the relevant test length. The user is free to choose the configuration of the
stylus components of the probe, within the limits
The indicated value df a particular measurement (of a specified by the manufacturer.
particular test length in a -particular configuration) may
be corrected to account for systematic errors if the 5.2.2 Certified reference sphere, having
CMM has accessory devices to correct systematic
instrument errors, or software for this purpose. Man- - diameter between IO mm and 50 mm inclusive;
ual correction of the result obtained from the com-
puter output to take account of temperature or other NOTE 4 Spheres up to 30 mm in diameter are com-
corrections shall not be allowed when the environ- monly used.
mental conditions recommended by the manufacturer
apply. - errors of certified form no ~greater than R/5.
The true value of the test length is taken as the cali- The sphere supplied with the CMM for probe-
brated length between the measuring faces of the qualifying purposes shall not be used for this test.
material standard. This value should be temperature-
corrected only if th.6 facility is normally available in the The sphere should be mounted rigidly to avoid errors
software of the CMM under test. due to bending.
5.4 Calculation of results If the range exceeds the manufacturer’s stated value
of R, the probing system should be thoroughly
Using all 25 measurements, compute the centre of checked and the test should be repeated once, start-
the Gaussian (least-squares) sphere (substitution ele- ing from requalification of the probe. If the range of
ment). For each of the 25 measurements, calculate values of r from the repeat measurements is within
the radius, r. the value of R, then the performance of the probe is
verified.
5.5 Interpretation of results
5.6 Periodic reverification
The performance of the probing system is verified if
the range rmax- r,,,i, of the 25 radial distances ob- Carry out the test procedure and calculation of results
tained in accordance with 5.4 is no greater than the as specified in clause 5.
manufacturer’s stated value of R.
The performance of the CMM probing system is re-
verified if the conditions in 5.5 are satisfied.
IS/IS0 10360-2 : 1994
Annex A
(informative)
Interim checking
A.1 Interim machine checking of the which has a surface finish that does not signifi&
cantly affect the uncertainty of measurement;
CMM
- a ball-ended bar;
It is strongly recommended that the CMM be checked
regularly between periodic reverification. The interval - a bar that can be kinematically located between a
between checks should be determined from the en-
fixed reference sphere and the sphere of the
vironmental conditions and the measurement per-
CMM probe-stylus;
formance required.
The CMM should be checked immediately after any - a circular reference object, e.g. a ring gauge;
significant event which could affect the CMM per-
formance. - a ball-plate;
5
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IS/IS0 10360-2:1994
Annex B
(informative)
It is recommended that manufacturers and users of CMM use the following data sheet:
6
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IS/IS8 1‘0360-2 :1994
General 1)
Aachine model and type (e.g. bridge, horizontal arm)
‘ype of probing system (e.g. touch trigger, proportional, optical, articulating)
nodes of operation (e.g. manual, motorized manual, CNC)
Control modes (e.g. point-to-point, vector, continuous path)
ipecial accessories (e.g. scanning unit, probe changing system, rotary table, tail-stock, anti-
vibration system, temperature compensation, guideway error compen-
sation, protection class)
ioftware (available software catalog)
Iperating system (e.g. compatible with UNIX, MS-DOS)
Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
Z . .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . mm
3 Performance data
Resolution of length-measuring system: . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . pm
Error of indication of length measurement 4, E: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lrn
E=Ai-L/KGB
or E=A+L/K
or E=B
(L in mm)
Fourth axis errors): 4 . .. ... . . .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . ... . .. .. . . .. pm
Er . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ... . . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. pm
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IS/IS0 10360-2 : 1994
‘robing system
Probing error, R: ........................................................................................................................................... w
sperating conditions:
1 Stylus/styli
2 Probe change
3 Articulation
Uleasuring forces (applied during point measurement)
Fixed value: .................................................................................................................................................. N
Preselectable from ................................ N to ............................... N
Preselectable in steps (resolution): .............................................................................................................. N
Maximum stylus mass: .................................................................................................................................. 9
Maximum stylus length: ................................................................................................................... _...... mm
Probe over-travel: ................................................................ f ....................................................... mm (* ... “1
Maximum force at overtravel: ...................................................................................................................... N
Stylus length: ............................................................................................................................................ mm
Repeatability of probe/stylus change 113)or articulation
In all planes referred to probe tip centre (range): ..................................................................................... pm
For a probe length of: ............................................................................................................................... mm
Scanning ID)
Resolution: ................ .._.............................................................................................................................. pm
Operating range: ................................................ f ............................................................................... pm
Data rate: ............................................................................................................................................ points/s
Probing error, R: ......................................................................................................................................... pm
Time for scanning mode test: ....................................................................................................................... S
Operating conditions:
1 Stylus length
2 Type diameter
3 Number of measurement points
4 Scanning speed
5 Number and location of measurement lines
Speed of travel and acceleration (with specified E) 5)
Probing speed: . .. . .. .. . . ... . . ... .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. ... . .. . . .. .. . ................ mm/s
Speed in CNC operation: . .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . ... .. . .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. ... . ...“................................................. mm/s
Acceleration: .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. ... ... ... . .. ... ... .. . .. ..r...*.............*......................‘................................... mm/s*
Speed in set-up and testing eperation: 6) .,.“......“‘..‘.‘.‘.“...‘..‘...‘..’.””’.’..’.’.‘.........”.””.~...... mm/s
Measuring time on a sphere 7) (probing error G R): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._............................................................... S
Rotary table 3)
,,
Resolution of angle-measuring system: ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . . ... .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. _.. _.
Angular speed: .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . . .. ... . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . ..................... “Is
Angular acceleration: . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. ... . .. .. .. ... . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . . ... . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. ..~.............................. O/S2
Supply data
Dwer supply
Voltage: ......................................................................................................................................................... V
Permissible voltage variation: ........................................................................................................ * ........ %
Permissible voltage peaks between ............ ps and ............ pLs: .............................................................. V
Power consumption (detailed specification, if required): ............................ ............................................... VA
Frequency: from ........................................... Hz to ........................................... Hz
ir supply 3)
Pressure: from ....................................... MPa to ........................................ MPa
Consumption at ............ MPa: ........................................................................................................ litres/min
Purity specification: ...........................................................................................................................................
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Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Stundards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ~of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sixes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relatingto copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. LMD 05 ( 0352 ).