Band Pass IIR Filter for low frequency applications
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Shrey Dixit
Electronics and Telecommunications
engineering department
Sardar Patel Institute of technology
Omesh Agrawal
Electronics and Telecommunications
engineering department
Sardar Patel Institute of technology
Abstract—Filter designing has been an
important field in communication. The filter to
be designed is needed to have some basic
characteristics like narrow transition width,
high output SNR, less hardware complexity and
low cost. In this paper Butterworth IIR filter has
been therefore designed and implemented for
low frequency applications. The input to the
filter is an audio signal with added noise and the
output we get is a signal almost free of noise.
Implementation of the application is done by
using Butterworth filter
Keywords—SNR, IIR, Butterworth
I. INTRODUCTION
Filter design is one of the most important
aspects of DSP (Digital Signal Processing) and
Telecommunications applications.Filters help in
removing unwanted noise from the input signal as
well help in the extraction of the useful parts of the
digital signal without any hindrance from other
components. Filters are applied for channel
equalization, reduction in noise, radar, audio and
speech signal processing, sonar, biomedical signal
processing etc. [1]. An ideal filter should have high
performance, good SNR, compact in size, low cost
etc.
Myriametre band comprises of frequencies
ranging from 3 kHz to 30 kHz. We propose to
design a digital band pass IIR Filter for such
frequency band based applications. The IIR filter
requires low computational power as compared to
FIR filter. The digital filter is more stable as
compared to analog in terms of better SNR.
Implementation of the aforementioned filter is
done using MATLAB software.
The filter which we designed gave good results
for low frequency audio and digital signals. It
eradicated the noise almost completely and gave a
stable output for the input signal.
RELATED THEORY
II.
A band-pass filter, also bandpass filter or BPF,
is a device that passes frequencies within a certain
range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside
that range. Bandpass is an adjective that describes
a type of filter or filtering process; it is to be
distinguished from passband, which refers to the
actual portion of affected spectrum. Hence, one
might say "A dual bandpass filter has two
passbands." A bandpass signal is a signal
containing a band of frequencies not adjacent to
zero frequency, such as a signal that comes out of a
bandpass filter.
An ideal bandpass filter would have a completely
flat passband (e.g. with no gain/attenuation
throughout) and would completely attenuate all
frequencies outside the passband. Additionally, the
transition out of the passband would have brickwall
characteristics.
Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property
applying to many linear time-invariant systems.
Common examples of linear time-invariant
systems are most electronic and digital filters.
Systems with this property are known as IIR
systems or IIR filters, and are distinguished by
having an impulse response which does not become
exactly zero past a certain point, but continues
indefinitely. This is in contrast to a finite impulse
response (FIR) in which the impulse response h(t)
does become exactly zero at times t > T for some
finite T, thus being of finite duration.
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters are
fundamental elements of Digital Signal Processing.
IIR filters are one of the more commonly used
digital filters Digital filters are implemented using
digital circuits that perform operations of delay,
multiplication and addition [2]. A basic digital
filter has the transfer function as -
The output of the filter was further amplified and
and observed on a DSO. The block diagram of the
system is shown in the figure below- Fig 1

- eq (1)
The larger of M or N is selected as the order of
the filter. IIR filters are characterized by having an
internal feedback and can have an infinite response
sequence for a finite input sequence [3] The basic
characteristics of FIR filter include phase linearity,
high order and stability whereas for IIR being Non-
linear phase, low filter order and sensitivity to
instability [4].
Fig 1 - Block Diagram of the filter
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN
The basic procedure to design a band pass IIR IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
filter for the desired application is as follows The parameters of input signal is shown in the
->Identifying the order of the filter required for figure given below (Fig 2). It consists of the
the specific application domain. frequency and amplitude parameters and also the
the peak to peak, maximum value of the same
->Designing of the filter using filter builder
class in MATLAB.
->In filter design we need to specify the
appropriate values of frequencies viz. 3kHz to
30kHz, order of the filter and type of filter i.e
bandpass .
->This filter is realized using MATLAB
SIMULINK.
->The input to this filter is converted to digital
signal using ADC conversion and random noise is
added to it.
->The output of the filter is amplified using Fig 2 - Input Parameters of audio signal
suitable operational amplifier.
The output parameters differs from that of the
input. It gives the parameters with respect to
The input to the filter is an audio signal of computation happened after the input audio signal
frequency 4Khz. Gaussian noise was added to the was passed through the filter. It is shown in fig 3.
input and it was passed through a suitable
operational amplifier with a suitable gain value.
This input was then given to the input of the
designed IIR bandpass filter. This filter was
designed by the filter designer block of MATLAB.

Fig 3 - output signal statistics
The input signal was an audio signal with
frequency of 4 kHz. It was contaminated with a
signal containing white Gaussian noise. The graph
of the input is shown in fig 4.
Fig 4 - Waveform of input audio signal along with
awgn
The output signal thus obtained after passing
through the filter had the noise levels significantly
reduced. The reduced noise levels could be
experienced by obtaining the output in .wav
format and later playing it to validate the noise
levels. The output graph is shown in fig 5.
Fig 5 - Output waveform after passing through
filter
V. CONCLUSION
The magnitude response of Butterworth filter
decreases monotonically as the Frequency
increases from 0 to infinity, whereas the
magnitude response of the Chebyshev filter
exhibits ripples in the passband or stopband
according to the type. Although Chebyshev filter
have steeper roll off frequency response,
implementing it on a hardware makes it difficult
due to its complexity. Thus Butterworth filter
is used in our application because of the
requirement of maximum flatness of passband.
REFERENCES
[1] Prajoy Podder, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Md.
Rafiqul Islam “Design and Implementation of
Butterworth, Chebyshev I and Elliptic filter for
speech signal analysis”, International Journal for
Computer Applications, Vol. 98 – No. 7,pp. 12-
18, July 2014
[2] Sunil Kumar Yadav, Rajesh Mehra “Analysis
of Different IIR Filter based on Implementation
cost performance”, International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT),
volume-3, Issue-4, pp. 266-270, April 2014
[3] Pragati Gupta, Rajesh Mehra “Design and
Performance Analysis of IIR Filter for RF
Applications”, Int. Conf. on Research in
Electrical, Electronics & Mechanical Engineering,
Dehradun, pp. 5-8, 20th July 2014.
[4] Matlab, http://www.mathworks.com