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Oil Tanks
Oil Tanks
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
ε
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
ε
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
25,000
19,814
20,000 19,143
USD/d across sector fleet
17,151 17,577
14,674
15,000 13,957
13,145
10,000
5,000
-
-
2019 2020 2021 2022
Cleaves Implied Consensus Cash Break-Even
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Supply/Demand (mDWT)
Oil Tankers, base case 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Deliveries¹ 32 35 28 17 11 12 26 33 24 32 24 20 28
Scrapping¹ (11) (9) (11) (11) (7) (2) (2) (11) (20) (14) (12) (8) (8)
Other¹ (6) (1) 0 2 2 5 6 3 1 1 0 0 0
Contracting¹ 37 12 14 37 28 53 13 35 26 22 28 31 32
Supply² 416 438 458 472 475 487 511 541 549 567 577 587 606
Δ y/y 4% 5% 5% 3% 1% 2% 5% 6% 1% 3% 2% 2% 3%
Demand² 346 353 371 387 401 443 432 435 435 472 495 514 532
Δ y/y 8% 2% 5% 4% 4% 10% -2% 1% 0% 8% 5% 4% 4%
Utilization² 83% 81% 81% 82% 84% 91% 85% 80% 79% 83% 86% 87% 88%
Oil Tankers² (TCE) 15,537 12,007 12,558 13,626 17,930 31,036 18,047 11,655 11,216 15,845 20,441 23,537 24,595
VLCC, spot² (TCE) 34,060 18,596 21,187 18,621 30,015 64,846 41,908 17,794 15,561 27,112 41,312 49,110 51,775
Suezmax, spot² (TCE) 27,864 18,432 16,908 15,511 27,791 46,713 27,799 15,436 16,466 20,558 29,172 34,232 35,962
Aframax, spot² (TCE) 17,690 12,378 12,541 14,131 24,705 37,954 23,142 13,873 16,175 18,299 23,053 26,585 27,793
MR, spot² (TCE) 10,692 10,638 10,589 13,464 12,517 21,444 12,166 10,213 8,750 12,146 14,526 16,147 16,701
VLCC, 5y² (USDm) 87 77 63 56 74 81 68 62 62 73 88 97 99
Suezmax, 5y² (USDm) 62 54 45 40 50 60 49 41 41 49 58 64 65
Aframax, 5y² (USDm) 44 39 31 29 39 46 36 30 31 38 45 50 51
MR, 5y² (USDm) 27 29 25 26 27 28 25 24 25 27 30 31 32
OB² 129 106 70 56 71 87 92 72 72 58 56 65 72
OB/Fleet² 31% 24% 15% 12% 15% 18% 18% 13% 13% 10% 10% 11% 12%
¹Sum during period ²Average during period
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
ε
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
45,000 80
40,000
39,366 Owned vessels (incl. NBs)
70
33,729
35,000 32,221
USD/d across sector fleet
60
30,000
50
23,152 24,060
25,000
# Vessels
40
20,000 17,982 18,130
30
15,000
20
10,000
10
5,000
- -
- ADSCME DHT US EURN US FRO US HUNT INSW US NAT US OET-ME TNK US
2018 2019 2020 2021 NO NO NO
Cleaves Implied Consensus Cash Break-Even VLCC Suez Afra Pana MR SR
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
ε
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Implied q/q demand growth since 1997 Implied q/q demand growth since 1997
20% 20%
15% 15%
10% 10%
5% 5%
0%
0%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
-5%
-5%
-10%
-10%
-15%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -15%
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Spot rate seasonality since '92 (% vs Y avg) VLGC spot rate seasonality since '92 (% vs Y
15% avg)
10% 150%
5%
100%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 50%
-5%
-10% 0%
-15% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-50%
-20%
-25% -100%
Avg Median Range ('92-'13) Avg ('92-'13) 2017 2018
150,000
30,000
10,000
-10,000
-30,000
Available for VLGCs (TCE $95,135/d) VLGC spot rates (TCE $40,454/d)
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
ε
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Portfolios
Weights #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11
Oil 0% 13% 25% 38% 50% 63% 70% 78% 85% 93% 100%
Dry 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
LNG 0% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 16% 12% 8% 4% 0%
LPG 0% 4% 7% 11% 14% 18% 14% 11% 7% 4% 0%
0%
SUM 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Return 55% 69% 83% 97% 111% 125% 127% 129% 132% 134% 136%
sigma 0.50 0.44 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.36
Sharpe 1.05 1.50 2.06 2.74 3.47 4.14 4.08 4.00 3.90 3.79 3.67
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Professionalism & Quality 𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
160BUY 200%
BUY
140 150%
BUY
120
100%
100
Share price
50%
80
BUY
BUY
BUY 0%
60 BUY
BUY
BUY
BUY -50%
40 BUY
SELL BUY
BUY
20 -100%
80 73
70 59 62
60 52 51
50
34 38 36 36
40
Price per share
30
20 11
10 1
0
120
100
80
60
40
USDm
20
0
-20
-40
-60
Net financing cash flow Net investing cash flow
Net operational cash flow Cash balance
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
12.0 2.00
1.80
10.0
1.60
1.40
8.0
NAVPS (USD)
1.20
P/NAV
6.0 1.00
0.80
4.0
0.60
0.40
2.0
0.20
0.0 0.00
NAVPS P/NAV
700
600
500
400
USDm
300
200
100
-100
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
4.0
3.0 -10%
3.0
1.9 -20%
2.0
0.8 -30%
1.0
-40%
0.0
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% -50%
Δ Asset prices Δ Asset prices
800 800
60%
700 700
600 50%
Primary assets (USDm)
600
Net Loan to Value
500
500 40%
USDm
400
400 30%
300
300
200 20%
200
100
10%
0 100
-100 0 0%
P&L
1Q19 Preview 1Q19 Actuals vs Actuals vs
USDm 1Q18 4Q18 Cleaves Consenus Cleaves Consensus Cleaves Consensus
Net sales 14.5 26.8 15.7 14.9 - 0.8 0% 5%
EBITDA 4.0 14.9 4.6 4.0 - 0.7 0% 14%
EBIT -5.8 4.4 -5.9 -6.5 - 0.6 0% 10%
PTP -12.3 -2.7 -12.9 -14.1 - 1.2 0% 10%
Net earnings -12.3 -2.8 -13.1 -13.2 - 0.1 0% 1%
EPS -0.19 -0.04 -0.20 -0.21 - 0.00 0% 2%
DPS - - - #N/A N/A - #VALUE!
Implied, line by line 1Q18 4Q18 Cleaves Consenus Cleaves Consensus Cleaves Consensus
TCE revenue 14.5 26.8 15.7 14.9 - 0.8 0% 5%
Opex & G&A 10.5 11.8 11.0 10.9 - 0.1 0% 1%
Depreciation 9.8 10.6 10.6 10.5 - 0.1 0% 1%
Net finance 6.5 7.1 6.9 7.6 - -0.6 0% -9%
Taxes & Minorities - 0.1 0.3 -0.9 - 1.1 0% 436%
CF & BS
1Q19 Preview Actuals vs Actuals vs
USDm 1Q18 4Q18 Cleaves Consenus Cleaves Consensus Cleaves Consensus
Net operational cash flow -4 13 2 - 0%
Free cash flow -10 10 1 - 0%
Net cash flow -15 5 20 - 0%
TCE/day 12,637 21,310 12,817 12,171 - 646 0% 5%
Utilization 91% 98% 97% 0% 0%
Cash break-even 17,848 18,938 18,598 - 0%
Liquidity 47 47 68 - 0%
Interest bearing debt 483 492 512 - 0%
Net interest bearing debt 435 445 444 - 0%
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
200
150 129
158
150
100 85 113
USDm
USDm
100 71
42
50 45 45
15 14 50
-
-
-50 -50
Sales EBITDA EBIT PTP Net earnings Sales EBITDA EBIT PTP Net earnings
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Professionalism & Quality 𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
100 150%
BUY
90
BUY
BUY
BUY
80
BUY 100%
BUY
70
BUY
60
BUY 50%
Share price
BUY
50
BUY
SELL
BUY
BUY
40 0%
30
20 -50%
10
CS return (108%) Consenus return (-40%)
0 -100%
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
20.0 2.00
18.0 1.80
16.0 1.60
14.0 1.40
NAVPS (USD)
12.0 1.20
P/NAV
10.0 1.00
8.0 0.80
6.0 0.60
4.0 0.40
2.0 0.20
0.0 0.00
NAVPS P/NAV
3000
2500
2000
USDm
1500
1000
500
7.5
8.0 10%
6.1
0%
Δ NAV
6.0 4.8 -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
-10%
3.4
4.0 -20%
2.1
-30%
2.0 0.8
-40%
0.0
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% -50%
Δ Asset prices Δ Asset prices
60%
2000
2000
50%
Primary assets (USDm)
1500
Net Loan to Value
1500
40%
USDm
1000
30%
1000
500
20%
0 500
10%
-500
0 0%
USDm
159 259 259
200 300
113 113
200
100
100
-
-
-100 -100
Sales EBITDA (adj.) EBIT (adj.) PTP Net earnings (adj.) Sales EBITDA (adj.) EBIT (adj.) PTP Net earnings (adj.)
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
Professionalism & Quality 𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
25 60%
40%
20
BUY
20%
BUY BUY
BUY BUY
BUY
Share price
15
BUY 0%
BUY
-20%
BUY
10
HOLD
SELL
-40%
5
-60%
25 22
21
20
20 17
14
15 13 13 13
11
Price per share
10 7
5 3
200
150
100
USDm
50
-50
-100
Net financing cash flow Net investing cash flow
Net operational cash flow Cash balance
𝑓 λ = 𝑎0 + 𝛽1 𝜆𝜏 , 𝑅2 ≈ 1
30.0 2.00
1.80
25.0
1.60
1.40
20.0
NAVPS (USD)
1.20
P/NAV
15.0 1.00
0.80
10.0
0.60
0.40
5.0
0.20
0.0 0.00
NAVPS P/NAV
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
USDm
800
600
400
200
30.0 50%
Assets
24.4 40%
25.0 Price 22.1
30%
19.8
20.0 20%
17.5
NAV/share (USD)
15.1 10%
15.0 12.8
0%
Δ NAV
10.5 -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
-10%
10.0 8.2
5.9 -20%
3.6
5.0 -30%
1.3
-40%
0.0
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% -50%
Δ Asset prices Δ Asset prices
1600 1600
50%
1400 1400
Primary assets (USDm)
1000 1000
USDm
30%
800 800
400 400
10%
200 200
0 0 0%