ETHNIC STUDIES 2560.

CHICANA/O EXPERIENCE.

STUDY GUIDE EXAM II

Terms
Bracero program. Cultural imperialism Drying out the wetbacks
Imposing a culture over a less powerful Deporting illegals
Repatriation. Chicano Nationalism Bracero
To send someone back to their own country. -Pro Idigenist ethnic ideology. Mexican laborer. Arm
“Balanced Budget Conservatism” Commonwealth Status Spanish-American War 1898
Plebiscite “Corky” Gonzalez Convened the first chicano youth conference
the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the
constitution.
José Ángel Gutiérrez Founder of MAYO
LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens
Chicanismo
Mexican Americanism
El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan-.

Questions
1. What was the agreement between the United States and Mexican government concerning the Bracero Program?
2. During what time period did the Bracero Program exist? August 4, 1942 - 1964
3. How did the Bracero Program establish patterns for contemporary Mexico/U.S. migration?
4. According to John Chavez, how did the perceptions of the Southwest change for Chicana/os after World War II. As
Lost and without Spanish
5. What was the main goal of League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) during the 1930s-1950s?
To end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States. Education (Segregation) Farm Labor
6. Discuss the three major forces that affected the development of Chicana/os during the XX century.
7. Which major Push Factors influenced heavy immigration from Mexico during and after 1910?
8. What is the traditional theory on immigration that Gonzalez and Fernandez challenged in their work?
9. Give examples of “pull factors” that attract Mexican workers to the U.S.
10. According to Gonzalez and Fernandez what are the four process in Mexico, in the latter part of the nineteen
century, that forced Mexicans to migrate to the U.S.?
11. After the heavy investment of U.S. capitalists in the Mexican railroad system, what were the social
consequences for the Mexican people?
12. What does the term Porfiriato mean? During what time the Porfiriato took place in Mexico? Period of
history when Pofirio Diaz was president. 1877-1880 and 1884-1911.
13. What was the impact of the Mexican Revolution in the immigration process to the U.S.?
14. For Gonzalez and Fernandez, what are the recent theories that maintain the premises of the “push-pull”
factors?
15. What was the manifestation in 1967 that Mexico has abdicated its economic sovereignty to the U.S.?
16. Explain the causes the made possible the Chicana/o Civil Right Movement?
17. Chavez suggested that Chican@s identified with which ethnic group at the beginning of the 1960's. Whites
18. Through what actions did non-whites reestablish cultural/racial pride while combating feelings of
inferiority imposed by colonialism after World War II?
19. Why was President John F. Kennedy popular among Chicana/os and Mexican Nationals? He was Catholic
20. Why was Cesar Chavez’s struggle for equality successful?
21. What was Reies Lopez Tijerina’s goal? Give back land to descendants of Spanish colonial and Mexican.
22. Who influenced the Mexican American National Farm Workers Association (NFWA)to join the Filipino
Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC)? Cesar Chavez
23. During the time of the Civil Rights Movement, how Chicanos understood the concept of Aztlan? Their
homeland!
24. What was the Plan of Delano? Social justice for farm workers. Grapes
25. Who was the leader of the Alianza Federal de Mercedes (the Federal Land Grant Alliance). Reies Tijerina
26. Was the founder of Raza Unida Party and the most “educated” of the Chicano Leaders. Jose Angel
Gutierrez
27. What role did MECHA (Student Movement Chicano de Aztlan) play in the Chicano Civil Right
Movement? Latino groups combined. Drafted El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
28. What type of data (statistics) Nevins uses to prove that the concept of “illegal” is supported by Racialized
Ideologies?
29. What are the agent or agencies that historically have constructed the term “illegal.”
30. What was the main cause of immigration for Salvadorian to the U.S.A.?
31. What are the legacies of the CCRM in our days?
32. Discuss the identity of the Mexican Americans before the CCRM.
33. What are the most important concepts that Chican@s used during the CCRM to regain their sense of
identity? Aztlan was their home and that they were proud of being brown or mestizo.
34. Identify the most important contributions of the CCRM to the U.S. academia. Chicano Studies programs
and departments.
35. What does Rosales mean by the term “Chicano Renaissance.”? Period of artistic, literary and political
activism in the 60s and 70s.
36. What are the words used in the CCRM that has survived to this day? Aztlan! Chicano, Hispanic,
37. What were the goals of the Chicana Feminists in the Movimiento?
38. For Rosales, what was the long-lasting legacy of the CCRM for the Chicano people? Chicanoism
39. What are the causes for the decline of the Chicano Civil Rights Movement?