Chapter 18: Back to Hong Kong and the Philippines

Melbourne  Streamer he rode to leave Europe via Marseilles, France on October

18, 1891.
November 20, 1891  Day he arrived in Hong Kong.
Jose Ma. Basa  Welcomed Rizal when he arrived in Hong Kong.
No. 5 D’Aguilar Street,  Where Rizal opened a medical clinic in order to earn a living.
No. 2 Rednaxola Terrance
Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez  A Portuguese ophthalmologist in Hong Kong who referrals brought
Rizal numerous clients.
December 1, 1891  Day he wrote to his parents asking permission to go return home.
 He received news from his brother-in-law that Don Francisco,
Neneng, Sisa and Paciano and other Calambenos were rusticated.
Father  Visited Rizal before Christmas 1891.
Brother  His father expressed to Rizal his desire to stay to stay permanently
Silvestre Ubaldo in Hong Kong.
Lucia
Josefa
Trinidad
Lorenzo Miclat  Congratulated Rizal for starting anew and pledged support in all his
undertaking.
Alejandrino  Informed him of his plan to establish an organization to counter-act
Del Pilar’s lamentable policy, with Rizal as leader.
Linares Rivas  Promised Rizal that he would seek an audience with the Minister of
Colonies in Madrid on the agrarian problem of Calamba.
Govantes and Boustead  Rizal received letters of sympathy from them.
families
How the letters from  Restored his self-confidence.
fellow expatriates  Reawakened his interest in politics.
affected Rizal  Led him to re-examine his whole political strategy.
Re-examining his political  Could have been due to the radical ideas propounded by Luna and
strategy Evangelista of the need for a separatist propaganda and a policy of
separation and independence.
Evangelista  According to him, the old corrupt generation of principles had to be
rejected.
Luna  According to him, a separatist movement under the guise of
assimilation has to be started.
Blumentritt  Rizal to him in his letter that he had lost his hope in Spain and La
Solidaridad, and that he came to the realization that nothing can be
expected from peaceful advocacy of reforms.
 Said that “whoever begins a revolution should have at least the
probability of success”.
 Four Condition necessary for a revelation to succeed:
o A part of the army and the navy should rebel
o The metropolis should be at war with another country.
o There were money and munitions
 o Some foreign country were to lend official or secret support
to the insurrection
Governor-General  The butcher of Cuba
Valeriano Weyler
North Borneo or Sabah  Where Rizal planned to make a Filipino colony
 He visited the place in March 7, 1892 and negotiated with the
British authorities in charge of the North Borneo Company
 His mission was a success as the British authorities offered him
10,000 acres of land free of charges for 999 years.
 Jaena, Luna, Bautista, Blumentritt and his other friends in Europe
were delighted upon hearing the plan and expressed their support
to the endeavor.
Manuel Hidalgo  Rizal’s brother-in-law who was not in favor of the project.
 Said there was no need to leave the Philippines considering the
sacrifices they had given for the country.
 Settling in Borneo should be their last course only when all efforts
at securing the welfare of the country had been consummated but
proved futile.
Governor Eulogio  Replaced Weyler
Despujol  Rizal wrote him a congratulatory letter with an offer of cooperation
with his leadership in the country on December 23, 1891.
 No response to his letter, Rizal wrote another one on March 21,
1892.
 Did not accept Rizal’s request because:
o The colony lacked workers
o That leaving the country and cultivating a foreign soil would
mean becoming unpatriotic to Spain.
Frazier Smith  Edited Rizal’s article in the Hong Kong Telegraph.
Ang Mga Karapatan Nang  Rizal’s version of the Rights of Man, a historic document proclaimed
Tao by the French Revolution of 1789.
A la Nacion Espanola  Rizal’s appeal to Spain to rectify the wrongs done to the landless
(To The Spanish Nation ) peasants of Calamba.
Sa Mga Kababayan (To  Rizal’s exposition on the Calamba agrarian problem.
My Country)
La Liga Filipina  Also known as the Philippine League
 He laid down the basis in Hong Kong and said he would establish it
when he returns to the Philippines.
 Jose Ma. Basa assisted in drafting its constitution.
 Goals:
o The Unification of the whole archipelago into vigorous,
compact body.
o Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
o Defense against all forms of violence and injustice
o Stimulation of instruction, agriculture and commerce.
o Undertaking of study and application of reforms
Unus Instar Omnium  Motto of La Liga Filipina
  Means “One Like All”
Three Levels of  Popular
Organizational Councils in  Provincial
La Liga Filipina  Supreme
 Each will consist of a chief, fiscal, treasurer, secretary and members.
Supreme Council  Composed of the chiefs of the provincial councils
 Control the La Liga.
Membership of La Liga  Depends on passing certain tests and unanimous endorsement by
the popular council of the town where the applicant hails from.
 Pay a monthly due of ten centavos which would be used in:
o Supporting a member or his son who had no financial
means but studious and with remarkable aptitude for study.
o Helping members who were in dire poverty
o Lending funds to a member who needs financial support for
his farm or industrial venture.
o Supporting a member in defense of his rights
o Opening stores to cater to the needs of the members at
reduced prices.
 Privileges:
o Financial material and moral assistance from his council and
the organization
o An assurance that fellow members shall support him in his
business or profession as long as the same to others.
o Full support from La Liga in case of trouble or injustice.
o Financial assistance in any business undertaking when funds
are available.
Despujol  His decision to reject the North Borneo Project led Rizal to choose
between Borneo (Peaceful emigration) and Cuba (eventual
revolution).
 “Had cast the dice for Rizal”
Hong Kong  Where he celebrated his 31st birthday
 Wrote two letters that should be opened only after his death.
o First was addressed to his family
o Second to his fellow countrymen
 Taken from Epistolario Rizalino Volume 3
Reason for his second  To obtain justice and peace for the country
homecoming  To shoulder the burden of all persecutions against his family
 To do what his conscience tells him to do
 To prove that reviled Filipinos could die for their conviction.
The Third Letter  Was sent to Despujol informing him that he is returning to the
country and that he is placing himself under protection of the
Spanish colonial government.
Despujol and Spanish  Unknown to Rizal, they were setting a trap for him.
consul-general  Rizal delivered himself to his enemies.
June 21, 1892  Day he and his sister Lucia left Hong Kong with a special passport
issued by the Spanish consulate.
 June 26,1892  Day he and Lucia arrived in Manila
Hotel Oriente in Binondo  Where he stayed while Lucia stayed with their sisters.
Rizal  Sought Despujol’s audience in Malacanang
 The interviews he had with Despujol, resulted to the securing of
permission for the return of his parents and sisters to Manila.
 Despujol reiterated his disapproval of Rizal’s North Borneo
Colonization Project.
Jose Bautista  Friends he visited in Bulacan
Manuel Crisostomo  Informed them of the details of La Liga Filipina
Vincente Gatmaitan
Tiburcio and Cecillio  Friends he visited in San Fernando, Pampanga
Hilario  Became very active members of the revolutionary movement of the
province.
Villafuertes  Met them in Tarlac
Punos  Were convinced that the La Liga Filipina should be organized.
Tanedos
Doroteo Ongjuco  Organized a dinner for Rizal to secure the agreement of:
(Ongjungco?) o Apolinario Mabini
o Andres Bonifacio
o Deodato Arellano
o Timoteo Paez
o Arcadio del Rosario
o Juan Zulueta
o Pedro Serrano Laktaw
o Moises Salvador
o Pablo Reinzares Bautista on the urgency of establishing the
La Liga.
 La Liga was founded in his home
July 3, 1892  Day Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina.
Calle Ilaya  Where La Liga Filipina was founded.
Ambrosio Salvador  Elected president of La Liga
Agustin de la Rosa  Elected Fiscal
Bonifacio Arevalo  Elected Treasurer
Deodato Arellano  Elected Secretary
Mabini  Noted members of La Liga Filipina
Bonifacio
Arellano
Paez
Adriano
Del Rosario
Dizon
Despujol  Questioned Rizal about the owner of the pillows and the mats in his
luggage, as they were questionable handbills in them and Rizal
answered that they belong to her sister Lucia.
 Ordered his aide-de-camp to arrest Rizal and incarcerate him in Fort
Santiago.
  Released his gubernatorial decree ordering the deportation of Rizal
to Dapitan on July 7, 1892
Charges against Rizal  Publication and introduction of various anti-monastic books and
handbills.
 Traveling through different provinces without the permit from the
Governor-General.
 Finding his luggage the pamphlet Pobres Frailes or Poor Friars.
Which mocked the religious orders
 Dedication of the El Filibusterismo to the memory of Gomburza
 Rizal’s attempts at de-Catholicizing and denationalizing the Filipino
people
o Without due process, Despujol rendered the verdict on
Rizal.
Rizal  Was detained in Fort Santiago for 9 days.
 Left Manila for Dapitan on July 15, 1892, where he would be
spending the next four years of his life.
 With his deportation, the Liga died its natural death.
La Liga split into two  Rightist: Cuerpos de Compromisarios
branches  Leftist: Katipunan or KKK

Chapter 19: Practical Nationalism in Dapitan

Cebu  Steamer that arrived on Dapitan in July 17, 1892

Dapitan
Jesuit Mission House
Father Obach
Father Pablo Pastells
Coniditions of Father
Pablo Pastells
 The place had long been a politico-military outpost of the Spaniards
in the Philippines.
 One of the forefronts of Spanish culture, religion and civilization in
Muslim Mindanao.
 Headed by a politico-military commander and with a parish priest,
tasked with the conversion of the island into Catholicism.
 Swampy with unplanned streets, but found the land its land fertile.
 Town looked desolated because it had no potable water and
lighting system.
 People dying of disease with no provided medical help services.
 Economy was ties to primitive agriculture with an undeveloped
fishing industry.
 Trade was conducted but was controlled by the Chinese.
 Where Rizal was suppose to reside, but opted not to stay because
of the conditions made by Fr. Pastells
 The parish priest of Dapitan
 He was supposed to watch over Rizal in the Jesuit Mission House.
 Superior of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines
 To make public retraction of his religious errors
 To issue public statements unmistakably pro-Spanish
 To undergo the spiritual excerises of St. Ignatius
 To make a general confession of his past life
  To lead a model religious and pro-Spanish life.
Captain Ricardo Carnicero  The politico-military commander of the town.
 Received Rizal as a prisoner
 Stayed with him temporarily.
 Rizal was able to get along with him because he was a free thinker
 Found Rizal as a man of commendable qualities and good
personality
 Gave Rizal all the liberties except to leave and gave him free rein to
help improve Dapitan.
 Require Rizal to report to the military outpost once a week
 Became good friends with Rizal and frequently exchanged views.
Philippines would be the  Representation in the Spanish Cortes
happiest place in the  Securization of the parishes
world if they were  Reformation of the administration in all its branches.
granted the following  Encouragement of primary instruction and elimination of friar
reforms intervention
 Granting teachers of both sexes better salaries.
 Division of government jobs equally between Spanish and Filipinos.
 Making the administration moral
 Creation of schools of arts and trades in provincial capitals
 Freedom of speech and the press
 Freedom if religion.
A Don Ricardo Carnicero  Poem Rizal wrote in appreciation of Carnicero’s kindness and
generosity.
Talisay  Where he was able to build a home after two months in Dapitan.
 Won the Spanish lottery with P6,200 as prize.
 He was fond of buying lottery tickets when he was in Universidad
Central de Madrid and finally won for the first time.
 Bought 70 hectares and constructed a house made of nipa and
bamboo with a veranda at the front and to one side of the side.
 Build four or five additional houses for pupils and patients
 He built his home, a school and a clinic
 Where he mostly won the admiration, respect and recognition of
the people of Dapitan and the Captain.
Improvements Rizal  Conceptualized and implemented plans for beautifying the town.
wanted to make in  Drew a sketch of the public plaza with suggested improvements and
Dapitan had it approved by Governor Carnicero
 He facilitated the putting up of lampposts at every corner of town
with the help of the people
 Supply water for drinking and irrigation, he directed the
construction of a water system.
 Opened a school for boys with the Atenean system of education
with Rizal as the teacher and thought them that a sound body
makes a sound mind.
Father Sanchez  Arrived in Dapitan and helped Rizal construct a huge relief map of
Mindanao out of stones, earth and grass.
  Rizal’s former teacher at Ateneo Municipal.
Rizal’s teaching method  Learning was related to the actual situations in Dapitan particularly
in Talisay.
 Included involvement in community development as part o the
curriculum of the school he established in the area.
As a Doctor…  Rizal practiced his profession in his new home and had numerous
patients.
 Offered his services free for those who were financially incapable of
paying a doctor, many sick people started consulting him.
Dona Teodora  Came on August 1893, she traveled to Dapitan with Trining to have
her eyes operated by Rizal.
Trade and Commerce  Rizal organized an association of farmers to improve farm
production and generate higher income.
 Encouraged the residents of the town to engage in the buying and
selling of goods and products particularly copra and hemp.
 Thought fishermen to use fishnets in fishing and even invited
fishermen from Calamba to teach the townsmen of Dapitan new
methods of fishing.
Sarda’s Book  Triggered the debate between Rizal and Fr. Pastells about religion
 Sent by Fr. Pastells with the advice that Rizal had to abstain from
his foolishness of viewing religion from the prism of individual
judgment and self-esteem.
Fr. Pastells  Was 41 when Rizal was 31.
 Superior or the highest ranking Jesuit in the Philippines
 His purpose was to bring back Rizal to the fold of Catholic faith, but
Rizal wanted to know if he could go back to his old faith without
violence to his conscience and convictions.
 His exchange of correspondence with Rizal was marked by mutual
cordiality and respect.
Main arguments of Rizal  Rizal
and Fr. Pastells o Rejects faith and upholds reason as the sole norm of
knowledge.
o Believes in God by reason, not by faith and rejects the
Christian revelation running counter to reason:
 The Bible as a mere classical writing
 Miracles are impossible
 Christ is merely a great man
 Church is the best religious bodies but not divine
o Believes in God’s living revelation of nature.
 Pastells
o Counters reason, damaged by its original sin, must be
supported by faith; that revelation is verified by prophecies
and miracle
o His argument is from authority: the church, which
prophesies dogmas, is worthy of belief as it is a divine
institution founded by Jesus Christ who proved himself as
God’s son by miracles and rising from the dead.
 Elements of Rizal’s  The primacy of conscience
rationalist rhetoric on  A firm belief in God
religion  Boundless trust in the Divine Providence
 The profound experience of God as a loving Father
 A sense of mission
 Strength of conviction
 Daily recourse to prayer
 An openness to dialogue
Ending of the debate  Was a stalemate.
Josephine Leopoldine  Traveled from Hong Kong with her uncle, Mr. Tauffer , who was
Bracken suffering from an eye ailment.
 She and her uncle had an invitation card from Julio Llorenta
 Was 19 year old and was so beautiful and possessing all the
enticement of womanhood
 Rizal saw in her the qualities which made him attracted to Nelly
Boustead and fell in love with her.
 Rumors spread that she was not the adopted daughter of Mr.
Tauffer but a café singer in a Hong Kong restaurant.
 Fifth and youngest child of an Irish schoolmaster in the Pembroke
Detachment at the Victoria Barracks in Hong Kong.
 When her mother died giving birth to her, she was given to Tauffers
 The third wife of Mr. Tauffer hated her so much, she decided to live
in a convent, but later Mr. Tauffer begged her to return because his
current wife was starving him.
 Rizal’s family did not trust her especially her sisters, who thought
that she was an emissary of the friars with evil plans and asked Rizal
not to eat any food that she might have prepared without having
Josephine taste it first.
 Rizal accepted her despite her sisters’ warning and asked her to be
his life partner.
 When she took refuge in the house of Rizal’s mother, she was a
total stranger to his family, but they accepted her because Rizal
loved her and welcomed her as Rizal’s fiancée, but a month after,
Josephine was back in Dapitan with Rizal.
 She made Rizal’s life bearable in Dapitan.
Mr. Tauffer  Treated Josephine like she was his own daughter.
 Rizal asked his permission to marry Josephine but instead of being
happy he raged in fury.
 Lose hope of regaining his eyesight despite the fact that Rizal was
able to regain a little eyesight.
 Did not want Josephine to marry because she was the only one he
had left to him in this world.
 Seized a razor to slash his throat either because he was doomed to
blindness or parental selfishness.
 Rizal was able to prevent him from killing himself.
 Left Dapitan and insisted that Josephine accompany him, but she
 later took refuge in Rizal’s mother’s house with a letter of
introduction from Rizal.
Father Obach  Rizal experienced difficulties with him, who insisted that a
retraction was necessary before any marriage between Rizal and
Josephine.
 Referred the matter of Rizal’s marriage to the Bishop of Cebu
After Marriage  Josephine delivered prematurely a baby boy who died a few hours
after birth, which was a consequence of a quarrel with Rizal.
 Josephine decided to leave for Hong Kong via Manila
 When she came back Rizal was irritated by her return but because
he loved her so much he welcomed her back with open arms.
Hymn to Talisay  A poem which he intended to be a collage song for the pupils he
was teaching in Talisay.
 Was used as evidence against him at his trail
Mi Retiro or My Retreat  Portrays his serene life in his place of rustication
 Wrote the poem in response to his mother’s request that he should
revive his interest in poetry writing.
 Expressed his acceptance of his fate for he believed that justice
would prevail in the end
As a Exile  Did not forget his high sense of honor
 Evidenced by his constant reminders to his pupils of the importance
of good conduct and behavior.
Juan Sitges  Military commander that replaced Carnicero
 Restricted his exercise of freedom he enjoyed during Carnicero’s
time.
 Under him we can see Rizal demonstrating the values of obedience,
self-control and discipline.
Rizal in Dapitan has  Introduce social and environmental engineering
become the first (to)…  Rural doctor
 Professional to engage in business
 Practitioner of the town planning and beautification
 Introduce the principles of livelihood and self-reliance programs
 Show the way to community development
 Ophthalmic surgeon sought by patients from foreign land
 Set up a precursor of the modern community school with him as the
first community teacher.
 Systematic collector of Philippine shells, butterflies, reptiles and
other fauna and flora in Mindanao
 Sanitary engineering and public heath work
 Filipino doctor with a social conscience who charged fees according
to the patient’s ability to pay.
Chapter 20: Rizal and the Revolution of 1896

Carnicero  The politico-military commander of Dapitan sympathized with Rizal

and assured him of possible support from his friends in Madrid.
Despujol  Aware that Rizal came to love Dapitan and that Rizal and Carnicero
became good friends.
 Directed Carnicero to convince Rizal to put down into writing his
intention of staying in Dapitan.
 On October 25, 1892, Rizal sent a letter to him that stated his
intention of staying in Dapitan to devote himself in agriculture
provided he would be given full freedom with assurance that he
would not abuse the same.
 Turned down Rizal’s appeal for lifting his banishment order.
 Rizal threatened him that he would be writing his friends in Madrid
of the banishment order should not be lifted.
 He responded by ordering Carnicero to ensure no letters from Rizal
will reach their destination.
Federico Ochando  Replaced Despujol on May 24, 1893
Juan Stiges  Replaced Carnicero as the politico-military commander of Dapitan.
 Rumors spread that he was ordered by Ochando to shoot Rizal the
moment he attempts to escape.
 Required Rizal to report to his office thrice a day
 Prohibited Rizal to leave the town or walk beyond the streets of
Dapitan without his permission.
Ramon Blanco  Replaced the short-lived term of Ochando and took over as
governor general.
 Reiterated his appeal for the lifting of his deportation order because
there was no evidence to support the charges imputed on him.
 Rizal sent a letter of reconsideration of his situation to him on
February 13, 1894, but could not reply to Rizal because of his
involvement in the Muslim campaign.
 Visited Dapitan and called for Rizal on board his vessel.
 Promised Rizal that he would be relocated either at Vigan or La
Union and even suggested that he should go to Spain owing to his
poor health, which made Rizal quite happy.
February 1895  When Rizal sought the permission of Blanco in opening an
agricultural settlement at Sindangan Bay, but did not receive a
reply.
Jesuits  Tried to win Rizal back to the fold of the Church.
Fr. Obach  The parish priest of Dapitan (Failed)
Fr. Villaclara  The Parish priest of Dipolog (Failed)
Fr. Sanchez  Former teacher at Ateneo (Failed)
Fr. Pablo Pastells  Superior of the Jesuit Order
 Sent Rizal a serried of letters convincing Rizal of the flaws of his
religious views which led to his debate with Rizal.
 Their debated ended in a stalemate.
 Fr. Juan Ricart  Attributed to the failure of the Jesuits could be attributed to
Carnicero, who entertained Rizal’s political and religious views.
Arrival of Josephine  Rizal request Fr. Obach to officiate a church wedding to legalize his
Bracken union with her.
 Fr. Obach told Rizal that he would perform the church wedding
under two conditions:
o Retraction of Rizal’s religious errors
o A general confession
 Rizal didn’t follow the conditions so no church wedding took place.
Friars  Closely monitored the attempts of the Jesuits.
 Knowing that the Jesuits were failing, they tried to win back Rizal to
Catholicism.
 1st Strategy: Bribery
o Offered Rizal a professional chair in a university, a landed
estate and P100,000 on the condition that Rizal would
repudiate his Noli and El Fili
o Maria, his sister tried to urge him to accept but Rizal
responded by saying “what my right hand did, my left hand
will not undo”.
 2nd Strategy: Use of a spy to trap Rizal
o Pablo Mercado
 Real name was Florencio Namanan of Cagayan de
Misamis
 Agreed to work for the friars due to the promise of
the Recollects that he shall conferred the title, Friar
curator of the Recollects
o Was sent by the friars to Dapitan to spy on the activities of
Rizal.
o His mission was to secure letters and other articles that
would have showed that Rizal was a separatist.
o The plan was that he go to Dapitan and offered himself as a
courier of Rizal’s letters and writings for the patriots in
Manila.
o Rizal being an intelligent man and he could not recall any
relative having the surname Mercado, he detected that he
was an imposter and had him arrested by Commander
Sitges.
Grand Regional Council of  Reacted to the suggestion of Governor Blanco’s suggestion for Rizal
the Philippine Masonry to leave the country by generating funds for Rizal’s trip to Spain.
 They were eager to see Rizal leave because his presence was a
threat to the existence of masonry, that the friars would always
blame the masons for all agitation for change in the Philippines.
Friends in Europe  Made plans to rescue Rizal
Paez  Was commissioned by the propagandist to find a suitable vessel in
Hong Kong or Singapore to rescue Rizal but failed in chartering one.
Basa  His plan was he would be working for Rizal’s release through his
friends among the ministers in Madrid.
 Regidor  Said that it would be wise to work out for Rizal’s freedom in Manila.
 Arrived at the solution: ESCAPE FROM DAPITAN.
 If Rizal could not escape, the alternative was to work for his election
as a deputy in Spanish Cortes
 Another alternative was to ensure the election of Marcelo del Pilar
to the Spanish Cortes and let him work for Rizal’s liberation.
Katipunan  Made the last attempt to rescue Rizal.
 Plan was Rizal had to be kept in the Philippines for him to freely
lead the revolution.
Bonifacio  The Supremo of the Katipunan
Pio Valenzuela  Commissioned by Bonifacio to be his emissary to Rizal.
 Arrived at Dapitan in July 21, 1986.
 Posed as a companion of Raymundo Mata, a blind man who shall be
seeking Rizal’s medical assistance.
 Informed Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan and the need for his
support to the revelution.
Rizal  Clearly expressed his rejection of the plan for a bloody revolution
of the Katipunan.
 Disapproval of the scheme rested on two grounds:
o The unpreparedness of the people
o Lack of funds and weapons
 Further stressed the point that pursing the revolution would
tantamount to national suicide.
 He also expressed his gratitude for the concern of the Katipunan to
his welfare, but he was not persuaded to escape Dapitan as he had
given his word to the Spanish authorities.
Sindangan Bay  Blanco approved Rizal’s letter requesting, but Rizal had already
dropped the idea because he was already leaving for Spain.
Blumentritt  Regidor requested him to persuade Rizal to volunteer as a doctor
for the Spanish army in Cuba and because it came from him Rizal
acceded the scheme.
Dona Teodora and Don  Did not favor Rizal’s decision as the latter will be risking his life since
Francisco the revolution is raging on in Cuba that time.
December 17, 1895  Day Rizal applied as a volunteer doctor for the Spanish army in Cuba
through Blanco.
July 30, 1896  Day the correspondence from Blanco about the being a volunteer
doctor reached Rizal.
Espana  Steamer Rizal rode to leave Dapitan on July 31, 1896.
Castilla  Arrived in Manila in August 6, 1896 and the transferred to this
cruiser pending the availability of the vessel bound for Spain.
Teodoro Patiño  The traitor that led to the discovery of the Katipunan.
Fr. Mariano Gil  Patino told him all the organization’s secrets on August 19, 1896
which led in the mass arrest of the Katipuneros and non-
Katipuneros in Manila.
Bonifacio  Summoned all the leaders for a meeting to work out the steps the
society will take to cope with crisis
 Historic Cry of  Took place wherein Bonifacio asked the Katipuneros if they were
Pugadlawin ready to fight the Spaniards whatever be the cost.
 All those who attended expressed their willingness to fight to the
last
 Bonifacio ordered them to take out their cedulas and tore them to
pieces shouting “Mabuhay ang Philipinas” which marked the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spain.
August 30, 1896  Blanco issued a gubernatorial decree declaring a state of war in
Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga
and Tarlac and placing them under martial rule.
 Rizal received the letters of recommendation to Azcaraga and the
colonial minister, which absolved him from the insurrection that
was then raging on.
Isla de Panay  Steamer Rizal boarded on September 3, 1896 that ferry him to
Barcelona
Blanco  Sent coded telegram and confidential messages with the Ministers
of War and Colonies about Rizal’s arrest.
 Rizal was shocked when the captain of Isla de Panay told him he
was to be arrested and detained in the captain’s cabin.
October 3, 1896  Day Rizal reached Barcelona and was heavily guarded at the Isla de
Panay.
Fort Monjuich  The prison citadel of Barcelona where Rizal was taken.
Despujol  The governor general who decreed his deportation to Dapitan
 Told Rizal that he would be shipped back to the Philippines on
board the ship Colon.
Don Pedro Roxas  A fellow passenger at the Isla de Panay
 Advised him to take advantage of the protection of the British law,
while their ship was temporarily docked at Singapore.
 Rizal regretted not following his advise because Rizal thought
Blanco was a friend.
Regidor and Lopez  Transmitted telegrams to an English lawyer in Singapore to help
Rizal.
Hugh Fort  English lawyer that was to rescue Rizal by means of writ of habeas
corpus.
Chief Justice Lionel Cox  Did not grant the writ of habeas corpus because it was not within
the jurisdiction of Singaporean authorities based on the existing
international law.
Colon  Streamer that carried Rizal and the Spanish troops
 A war vessel
November 3, 1896  Day he arrived in Manila
Fort Santiago  Where Rizal was brought and incarcerated.