DEMOGRAPHY

AND ITS EFFECTS

ON DENSITY

Presented By:-
Rishav Pathania| Sakshi Patidar | Siddharth Hingar
Demography

● “Demo” means “the people” and “graphy” means “science”.

● Demography is the “scientific study of human population in which includes
study of changes in population size, composition and its distribution.”
Importance of Demographic Data
1. For the Economy: The study of demography is of immense importance to an economy. Population studies help us to know how far the
growth rate of the economy is keeping pace with the growth rate of population. If population is increasing at a faster rate, the pace of
development of the economy will be slow. The government can undertake appropriate measures to control the growth of population and to
accelerate the development of the economy.
2. For Society: Population studies have much importance for the society. When population is increasing rapidly, the society is faced with
innumerable problems. Shortages of basic services like water, electricity, transport and communications, public health, education, etc. arise.
3. For Economic Planning: Data relating to the present trend in population growth help the planners in formulating policies for the economic
plan of the country. They are kept in view while fixing targets of agricultural and industrial products, of social and basic services like schools and
other educational institutions, hospitals, houses, electricity, transport, etc.
4. For Administrators: Population studies are also useful for administrators who run the government. In under-developed countries, almost
all social and economic problems are associated with the growth of population. The administrator has to tackle and find solutions to the
problems arising from the growth of population. They are migration and urbanisation which lead to the coming up of shanty towns, pollution,
drainage, water, electricity, transport, etc. in cities.
5. For Political System: The knowledge of demography is of immense importance for a democratic political system. It is on the basis of the
census figures pertaining to different areas that the demarcation of constituencies is done by the election commission of a country. The addition
to the number of voters after each election helps to find out how many have migrated from other places and regions of the country.
Elements of Demography

❖ Size: increase or decrease

❖ Composition: sex ratio and age group
❖ Distribution: territory
Demographic Cycle
1. High stationary : This stage is characterized by a high birth rate and high death
rate. There is no change in size and population. India was in this stage till 1920.
2. Early expanding : In this stage, the death rate begins to decline and there is no
change in birth rate. Therefore, there is initial increase in population.
3. Late expanding : The birth rate begins to decline in this stage while the death
rate still decreases.
4. Low stationary : This stage is characterized by a low birth rate and low death
rate. There is stability in population.
5. Declining : In the declining stage, birth rate is lower than the death rate. There
is fall in population.
Demographic Cycles and its Examples
Demographic Process

Demography is affected by the following reasons:

● FERTILITY
● MORTALITY
● MARRIAGE
● MIGRATION
Source of Demography

● Population Census
● National sample
● Surveys registration
● Vital events
Analysis of Data

● Data is collected directly or indirectly from population. The data is collected

directed from individuals by face to face survey .
● Some data is collected from outside the source such as records:
❖ Data is taken from hospital records.
❖ Data taken from previous census.
● The data collected is then arranged in table, charts, diagrams, graphs picture.
Census of India 2011
In 1872 the first Census was held in India.

The Census of India 2011 will be the 15th Census and the 7th after Independence.

Census 2011 marked a milestone as the National Population Register (NPR) was
also be prepared.

1st Phase: HOUSE LISTING & HOUSING CENSUS AND COLLECTION OF DATA ON
NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER: April to September 2010.

2nd Phase: POPULATION ENUMERATION: 9th to 28th February 2011

Items of Information: Houselisting and Housing Census

● Information relating to Buildings- Use, Quantity and Quality

● Available to the Households
● Assets possessed by the Households
● Use of Houses, Drinking water, Availability and type of latrines, Electricity
Census Comparison of 2001 and 2011
Demographic Trends in India (as per 2011 Census)
Male: 62,37,24,248
Population 1,21,01,93,422
Female: 58,64,69,174

Decadal Population Growth 18,14,55,986 17.64%

Density of Population 382 Per sq .km

Sex ratio 940 Females per 1000 males

Population in the age group

15,87,89,287 13.12% (of total population)
(0-6)

74.04%
Literates 77,84,54,120 Male: 82.14%
Females: 65.46 %
Utility of National Population Register (NPR)

● Creates a comprehensive identity database in the country.

● Help in better targeting of the benefits and services under the the Government
schemes / programmes.
● Improve planning
Items of Information: NPR
● Name of person
● Relationship to Head
● Father’s Name
● Mother’s Name
● Spouse’s Name
● Sex
● Date of Birth
● Marital Status
● Place of Birth
● Nationality as Declared
● Present address of usual residence
● Duration of stay at present address
● Permanent Residential Address
● Occupation / Activity
● Educational Qualification
Interpretation of Data
● The data collected is analyzed and interpreted.
● The interpretations are then generalized to public.
● The values interpreted should be in simple so as to make it understandable.
● While interpreting, the maximum & minimum values should be shown so as to have
an estimation in between.
● The data represented as rates, ratios, proportions, percentage, mean, median, mode
and normal curve.
● The demographic data are usually analyzed and interpreted by tables, charts,
diagrams, pie charts, pictogram etc.
● As per the demographic data the master planning and future development is
affected.