OSTROGOTHIC COINAGE FROM

COLLECTIONS IN CROATIA,
SLOVENIA AND
BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA
ZELJKO DEMO

NARODNI
MUZEJ

~
~
 SITU LA
RAZPRAVE NARODNEGA MUZEJA V UUBUANI
DISSERTATIONES MUSEi NATIONALIS LABACENSIS

32

CIP katalogizacija v knjigi

Narcxlna in univerzitetna knjiznica v Ljubljani
737.1(363.31) (069)
904(497.12\ 13)
DEMO Zeljko, 1951 -
Ostrogothic Coinage from Collections in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia
& Herzegovina I Zeljko Demo ; [fotografija Zeljko Demo ; prevod Barbara
Smith-Demo] . - Ljubljana : Narodni muzej, 1994.
- (Situla ; 32)
Angl.
ISBN 86-80651-x
1. Narodni muzej. Numizmati~ni kabinet (Ljubljana)
36958976

Glavni in odgovorni urednik I Executive and Managing Editor

PEfERKOS
Uredniski odbor I Editorial Committee
DRAGAN BOZIC, RAJKO BRAT02, BORIS GOMBAC, JANKA ISTENIC, PITTER Kos. DRAGO
SVOUSAK
Tehnicni urednik I Technical Editor
BORKO T EPINA
Oblikovanje naslovnice I Cover Design
BORKO T EPINA
Raci.malniski stavek I Desktop publishing
ZEUKODEMO
Fotografija I Photography
ZEUKODEMO
Prevod I Translation
BARBARA SMITH-DEMO
Tisk I Printed by
GRAFIKA SOCA

ISSN 0583-4554

© 1994 Narodni muzej , Ljubljana

Tiskano s financno podporo Ministrstva za kulturo in Ministrstva za znanost in
tehnologijo
 CONTENTS

List ofplates page vii

List of tables and figures ix
Preface xi
Abbreviations XIV

l INTRODUCTION 1
A) General overview 1
B) Early descriptions and evidence of coin finds 3
C) Fifty years of research (1925-1975) 11
D) Research and contributions after 1975 32
II. OSTROGOTHIC COINAGE IN MUSEUMS AND OTHER COLLECTIONS 41
A) Structures, problems and evidence 41
B) Museum collections 42
1) Archaeological Museum/Arheoloski muzej, Split (AMS) 42
2) Archaeological Museum/Arheoloski muzej, Zadar (AMZd)
and Maritime Museum/Pomorski muzej, Rijeka (PMRi) 46
3) Archaeological Museum of lstria/Arheolo ski muzej Istre,
Pula (AMI) and Societa istriana di archaeologia e storia
patria, Trieste (SIASP) 50
4) National Museum/Narodni muzej, Ljubljana (NMLj) 53
5) Regional Museum/Pokrajinski muzej, Maribor (PMMb) and
Celje (PMCe) 58
6) Archaeological Museum/Arheoloski muzej, Zagreb (AMZ) 60
7) Museum of Slavonia/Muzej Slavonije, Osijek (MS) 63
8) National Museum/Narodni muzej, Beograd (NMBg) and
Museum of Syrmia/Muzej Srema, Sremska Mitrovica
(MSr) 65
9) State Museum/Zemaljski muzej, Sarajevo (ZMS) 66
C) Private collections 68
D) General conditions in museums and other collections 72
Ill. CATALOGUE OF THE COINS 75
Presentation and arrangement of the catalogue 75
Descriptions of the coins 76
Plates: 1-16 108

IV. NOTES TO THE COINS 125

A) Theodoric, in the name of Zeno (489-491) 125
B) Theodoric, in the name of Anastasius (491-518) 126
C) Theodoric, in the name of Justin I (518-526) 139
D) Theodoric, in the name of Athalaric and Justin I (522-526) 141
E) Athalaric, in the name of Justin I (526-527) 142
F) Athalaric, in the name of Justinian (527-534) 143
G) Theodahad (534-536) 148
H) Witigis (536-540) 149
vi Contents

I) Totila (541-552) 152

J) Imitations 157
1) contemporary 157
2) modern 158
V. IDENTICAL DIES 161
A) Relevant coins 161
B) List of dies 164
VI. FINDS AND SITES 167
A) General features 167
B) Distribution of finds 168
C) List of coin finds and sites 182
VII. SURVEY OF IBE MATERIAL 191
A) List of coins in museums and private collections 191
B) List of coins according to the metal 199
C) List of coins according to the mints 202
APPENDICES 207
1 Budva - a hoard of minini from the second half of the 5th century 207
2 Hoards of 6th century gold coins 217
3 Gold coins of the Roman mint of Justin II (565-578) 243
4 Kranj-Lajh - coin finds of the late 5th to 7th centuries 249
COLLECTORS, DONORS & DEALERS 265
BIBLIOGRAPHY 283
1 Abbreviations of periodicals, serials and catalogues 283
2 Literature 286
INDEXES
A) Ostrogothic coinage 299
1 Obverse inscriptions 299
2 Reverse inscriptions 300
3 Obverse and reverse types 302
4 Mint-marks, letters, sigle 304
5 List of monograms 308
B) General index 310
12 Introduction

felicitously included description of the exergue which in addition to the

form COMOB has in the first coin two stars, and in the second one star in
the reverse fields. 49 Although they were not noted under their inventory
numbers as Ostrogothic tremisses from Siscia, the examples under
numbers 292 (two stars) and 300 (one star) may be considered. Only one
of them, however, can be included among the products of Ostrogothic
mints, although it looks like an imitation created according to an
Ostrogothic model [No. 66],50 while the other is a typical product of
Constantinople in the period of Anastasius. This, in fact, misled some
later writers, and the noted Constantinople tremissis of Anastasius was
classified among Ostrogothic finds - and even attributed to the Ravenna
mint.
The Ostrogothic quarter siliqua mentioned by A. Alfoldi in 1924
was to become the subject of a detailed study which was published in the
following year by F. Stefan. 5l His work is of great significance as· its aim
was not merely to enumerate or describe several new and unpublished
finds, but rather to attribute the numerous examples of silver coinage of
the 6th century found in the southern Pannonian region bounded by the
Sava, Drava and Danube to the mint of Roman Sirmium. The basic idea is
actually somewhat older, as not much prior to this J. Brunsmid had
concluded the same (or similarly) in relation to some of these coins,
claiming that they had been created in Sirmium as a part of Gepidic
monetary production and that on the reverse they carried the monogram
of the Gepid King Cunimund.52 Brunsmid's idea was not merely accepted
and refined by Stefan, but also supplemented with new data, and he
suggested extending the operation of the mint to the period of Ostrogothic
rule, concluding that it had existed and functioned in the period 504/5 -
568 A.D. The monetary production of the Sirmium mint in the 6th
century was divided by him into two periods, to the first being attributed
four Ostrogothic 1/4 siliquae from three sites in the southern

from this section of the Danube limes see: IDEM, The Circulation of Bronze Coinage at
the End of the 4th and Beginning of the 5th Centuries in Moesia Prima and Pannonia
Secunda, Studia numismatica Labacensia Alexandro Jelocnik oblata (= Situla 26),
~ubljana 1988, 165-184.
4 ALFOLDI 1924, 35. - The first example classified according to Tolstoi:'s catalogue
(No. 126) actually represents an integral part of Brunsmid's observations registered in
the inventory book of Byzantine coins in the AMZ (p. 16), where 13 examples of almost
exclusively Ostrogothic coins or their contemporary imitations were listed and noted in
an uninterrupted series as "Tol., 208, 126 id." (id. = and so forth).
50 For the particulars and specificities of these imitations, fairly early but certainly not
minted prior to 509, see several notes in : DEMO 1981, 456, 477 No. 19 (Med), Tab.
1:19.
51 STEFAN 1925, 1-28, Taf. 298.
52 BRUN SMID 1924, 673 ff.; BRUN SMID 1924a, 1 ff.
 Fifty years of research (1925-1975) 13

Pannonian region,53 and to the second the Gepidic 1/4 siliquae earlier
published by J. Brunsmid, adding to them an unknown example from the
collection of Captain K. Hollschek of Vienna. 54 For Ostrogothic silver
coins of the Sirmium mint, characteristic due to their wide but thin form,
weight, and style of execution, related to the production of Ostrogothic
Italic 1/4 siliquae of the group INVICTA ROMA with the monogram of
Theodoric on the reverse (MIB I, 43-44), it was presumed that they had
been minted during a lengthy chronological span because of the obverse
legends with the names of Anastasius or Justin I. All of this, as well as the
fact that they had been discovered in the region between the Sava, Drava
and Danube Rivers, and also that they exhibited similarities to the
examples that J. Bruns mid had attributed to the Gepids and their king
Cunimund, led Stefan to conclude that Theodoric, immediately after the
conquest of Sirmium in 504/505, had minted his silver coinage here. This
would be yet further indicated for Stefan by the fact that on one of the
described examples found in Sisak he read at the end of the reverse
legend the abbreviation SIM (=SIRM), which naturally could represent
nothing other than SirmiumSs. In comparison with what had been
published only a year previously by A. Alfoldi, 56 the data offered by
Stefan was considerably more plentiful as he had published and
extensively discussed four Ostrogothic quarter siliquae minted in
Sirmium, then and currently in the collection of the AMZ. Of the three
examples with the title of Anastasius, one was discovered at Sisak/Siscia
[No. 71], one at Novi Banovci/Burgenae [No. 80], and the third in a find
known only to Stefan near Novi Banovci - actually in the 50-some
kilometers most easterly Dalj, as was corrected in 1981 [No. 741 .57 A 1/4
siliqua minted in the name of Justin I found at Budrovci-Strbinci near
Dakovo [No. 124] was seemingly not the only published example at that
time from the Sirmium mint with the name of Justin I on the obverse. 58

53 STEFAN 1925, 1-12, Taf. 298:1-3.

54 Op. cit., 12-28, Taf. 298:4-10.
55 Stefan's reading of SIM was not subjected to checking due to the too small number of
known examples of these coins, hence it was repeated, accepted or minimally revised by
various authors (e.g.: KRAUS 1928, 101 f.; WERNER 1933, 92; MIB I, 87; DEMO 1981,
477). After a series of new finds of Sirmium 1/4 siliquae, it must be stated that this mark
SIM truly does not exist on this type of Ostrogothic coinage.
56 ALFOLDI 1924, 24, 35.
57 DEMO 1981, 447 No. 24.
58 Stefan did not neglect to note one coin published in the distant past by MURATORI
(1793, 553-4, drawing at the bottom of the page) and cited almost half a century later by
FRIEDLANDER (1844, 28 No. 4, T. I:4 [Teoderich]) as well as all the dilemmas which
are interwoven about this or such coins through the publications of TANINIUS (1791,
381), ECKHEL (1779, 533 n. 2 [Justinus I.]) and ARNETH (1842, 216 f. N. 3 [Justinus
l]). - In terms of 1/4 siliquae minted in Sirmium in the name of Anastasius, Stefan
14 Introduction

That further unpublished finds of this kind could be counted on to appear

after Stefan's work was promptly shown by B. Saria. 59 The mention of
"Zwei Viertelsiliquen Teoderich d. Gr. aus der Miinzstatte Sirmium, die
Belgrader Museum in letzten Zeit erwarb, ... " did more to contribute to the
reputation of the numismatic collection of the present National Museum
in Beograd than to present all the other much more indispensable
information. Both quarter siliquae had apparently been discovered after
the First World War and obviously prior to 1927, but further information
including data about the provenience had been deliberately omitted by
Saria or had never even existed, as the subject has been religiously
avoided even subsequently by experts acquainted with the numismatic
collection of the NMBg. 60
As early as the following year only four quarter siliquae of the
Sirmium mint from the AMZ had been republished by F. Kraus61,
accompanied by a recapitulation mainly consisting of the basic ideas
contained in Stefan's thesis, but involving certain minor differences in the
interpretation of the legend, 62 and with an emphasized insistence that
such coins be termed or considered 1/2 siliquae, which is in complete
correspondence with Kraus' ideas about the weight system of the late
Roman period. 63 After this, only in 1933 was a coin minted in
Ostrogothic Sirmium to become again the focus of interest. Namely, in
this year, J. Werner published the distinctive find from Mengen (grave
12) in the complex of which, in addition to various jewellery, 7 silver
coins had been discovered - all pierced and threaded onto a necklace
like decorative pendants - 6 of which were minted in the name of
Anastasius and only one in the name of Justin I. M The stylistic and
metrological content of the coins from Mengen could only serve to
remind Werner of what had already been written by F. Stefan, A.
Alfoldi 6.5 and F. Kraus, hence all four Sirmium quarter siliquae from the
AMZ again became the subject of renewed research. Werner saw in the
silver coins from Mengen and the AMZ a special group within the great
mass of Theodoric's coinage with the legend INVICTA ROMA.

neither noted nor commented on an example from the Santangelo Collection (once in the
Museo di Napoli) which was published in 1911 by J. SAMBON (1911, 6 f. No. 31, T.
1:31).
59 SARIA 1927, 14.
ff) ,
E.g.: MARIC 1962, 21 No. 2.
61 KRAUS 1928, 6, 93 Nos. 63-64, 95 No. 75, 101-104.
62 Cf. the reverse legend of the Siscian 1/4 siliqua [No. 71] .
63 KRAUS 1928, 8-13.
M WERNER 1933, 89-96. - For the attribution of this grave to Werner's group III of
graves from Merovingian Austrasia and its dating to the period ca. 550-600, see:
WERNER 1935, 38 f., Taf. IV:B.
6.5 ALFOLDI 1925-1926, 2002 f.
 Early descriptions and evidence 3

B) EARLY DESCRIPTIONS AND EVIDENCE OF COIN FINDS

Among the first citations of a definite Ostrogothic coin in one of the

numismatic collections of this area it is necessary to include a silver coin
of Totila, a half siliqua of the Roman mint [No. *247], which was
described by A. Banduri at the beginning of the 18th century: "D N
ANASTASIVS p F AV. Caput Anastasii ut supra. DN BADUILA REX. in
corona. Bau, Alletti.". 4 This coin was once in the collection of Ivo
Natalic-Aletic, the secretary of the Republic of Dubrovnik for many
years, a member of the famous Accademia Otiosorum Eruditorum of
Dubrovnik, a collector of ancient manuscripts, various antiquities and old
coins, as well as the owner of one of the most well-known museums of
this period in Dubrovnik. It is unfortunately impossible to confirm
whether this coin of Totila came from Dubrovnik, its surroundings,
Dalmatia, Bosnia or elsewhere, as it is known that Ivo Naletic exchanged
antiquarian material with correspondents from Italy and Greece. 5 Only
half a century later one "repertum Sisciae argentum minoris moduli
numum" with the legend DN ANASTASIVS A VC on the obverse and a six-
pointed star on the reverse, which was described in detail by B.A. Kreelic
in the last third of the 18th century, 6 could be placed among the half
siliquae of Theodoric, such coins currently being easily and without
second thoughts attributed to the Roman mint (MIB I, No. 37). This half
siliqua [No. *31], once in the possession of J. Petkovic, a prominent
figure in 18th century Zagreb, is in fact the earliest sufficiently well
described and also reliable Ostrogothic monetary find discovered in the
region of roman Siscia or indeed Pannonian Croatia whatsoever.
In 1848, the Historical Society of Camiola (Historisches Verein fiir
Krain), which in addition to books and archaeological material also
collected other historical objects, including numismatic specimens,
acquired two Ostrogothic coins. The first purchased most probably
represented a tremissis of Athalaric minted in the name of Justin I [No.
*132], as is indicated by the meagerly noted description: "Av.: D. N.
Justinus P. F. Aug. Des sen Kopf rechts gewendet. Rev.: Victoria
Augustorum. Die Siegesgottinn in der rechten Hand einen Kranz und in

4 BANDURI 1718, 612.

5 In this context certain information from the English doctor and travel writer Edward
Brown in 1669 is interesting; he stated that in Serbia and Bosnia the Armenians and
Jews collect ancient coins, but they send them to Dubrovnik whence the majority are
taken to Italy: V. POPOVIC, Putopis d-ra Brauna [Dr. Brown's account of his travels *],
GllstDrusNS VI, 1933, 342-343; M.S. FILIPOVIC, Prilog istoriji nasih muzeja [A
Contribution to the History of Our Museums], Muzeji 8, 1953 (1954), 128.
6 KRCELlC 1770, 508. - DEMO 1981, 458, 467 n. 47, where the data is analyzed and
included in a distribution map.
 II.
OSTROGOTHIC COINAGE IN MUSEUMS AND
OTHER COLLECTIONS

A) STRUCfURES, PROBLEMS AND EVIDENCE

The greatest amount of Ostrogothic coinage is owned by six

museum institutions in Croatia (Split, Zadar, Rijeka, Pula, Zagreb,
Osijek), three in Slovenia (Ljubljana, Maribor, Celje) two in Serbia
(Belgrade, Sremska Mitrovica) and one in Bosnia-Herzegovina
(Sarajevo), while beyond these borders a part of the material is currently
in the possession of the SIASP in Trieste. The only collections to have
been completely published, other than the latter, are those of the
Archaeological Museums in Pula and Zagreb. The composition of the
collections of the Archaeological Museum in Zadar and the State
Museum in Sarajevo is partially known, while only individual examples
of Ostrogothic coins have been published or noted from the other
museums, most often those with data about provenience .. Only the
collection of the Archaeological Museum in Split has remained almost
entirely unpublished in strong contrast to its exceptional and very
abundant material. It is true that the collection has been written about
several times, but only when its material could serve as a basis for certain
statistical assessments or as a source of data suitable for composing maps
of sites. The Ostrogothic coins gathered in 15 or so private collections
(more then 10% of the total), among which collections formed in Croatia
in the period from 1718 to the present dominate, are a solid source of data
and they contribute in a not minor degree to the clarity of the situation
and statistic evaluations.
Inasmuch as it is possible to conclude from existing or available
information, the Ostrogothic coins had mostly been collected during the
19th century and up to 1914/1918 (in Sarajevo to 1904). Subsequently,
older and renowned museum institutions mainly succeeded in the next
few decades in supplementing their collections with new acquisitions of
this category of numismatic material (Zagreb, Ljubljana, Split, Beograd),
and one archaeological find was registered during the period of the
second world war. From 1945 onwards, only the National Museum in
Ljubljana was successful in making up deficiencies in its collection, while
the other museums succeeded in acquiring only occasional examples,
almost all, happily, with details about the provenience and date of the find
(Split, Zadar, Pula, Sremska Mitrovica, Beograd).The most important of
the private collections containing Ostrogothic coinage was that of
72 Ostrogothic coinage in museums & other collections

D) GENERAL CONDITIONS IN MUSEUMS AND OTHER COLLECTIONS

The total number of Ostrogothic coins in museums and private

collections, including those individual examples in some of the museums
which have been stolen, lost or have disappeared (AMZd, AMZ, NMLj,
NMBg, MSr) amounts to a total of 248 examples. If four imitations are
added to this sum [Nos. 249-252], the number increases to a total of 252
examples. The silver coinage is predominant which is particularly
attributable, other than to the presence of private collections, to the
collections of several of the large museums (AMS, NMLj). Its overall
presence at almost 50% is rarely less than half of that in any of the
museum collections (AMZ, ZMS), and much more commonly varies
from ca. 35% to over 70% (MS, AMl/SIASP, NMLj, AMS, ZMS, private
collections). The Ostrogothic bronze coinage represents only somewhat
more than 1/5 of the total, and this results from only two collections
where in one case it is close to 30% (NMLj), and in the other
considerably surpasses this figure (AMZ). The proportion of gold
coinage, which also achieves a ca. 30% total, in individual cases is either
greater (AMZ) or considerably exceeds this (AMl/SIASP, ZMS). The fact
that gold coins minted under Theodoric were most common is probably
no cause for wonder, but their share in the total representation of gold
coinage often reaches or even exceeds 20%, as is easily confirmed for the
majority of collections (AMS, AMl/SIASP, AMZ, ZMS, private
collections).
AV AR AE
no. % no. % no. % Total
Theodoric (491-526) 58 23.39 48 19.35 23 9.27 129 52.02
Athalaric (526-534) . 11 4.43 36 14.52 19 7.66 66 26.61
Theodahad (534-536) 3 1.21 12 4.84 3 1.21 18 7.26
Witigis (536-540) 4 1.62 15 6.05 3 1.21 22 8.87
Totila (541-552) - - 6 2.42 7 2.82 13 5.24
76 30.65 117 47.18 55 22.17 248
* the imitations were not included in the statistical table: a 1/4
siliqua of Theodoric/Justin I. [No. 251] and a 1/2 siliqua of
Theodahad/ Justinian [No. 252] .

A fifty percent share of the coinage of Theodoric in the total

representation is a figure similar to that known from almost all major
international collections (Milan, Pavia, Cambridge, Ravenna), but it must
be emphasized that in the collections under discussion this percentage is
often considerably greater (AMZ) and reaches (private collections) or
even exceeds (NMLj) two-thirds. The representation of the coins of
Athalaric in sums less than half of those for Theodoric corresponds to the
state of only one collection here (AMZ), just as a ratio of 1:3 (which
 Private collections 73

would otherwise be expected considering the difference in the length of

reigns) would usually appear proportionately more logical (NMLj). It is
interesting to note that the share of coins minted for Athalaric is almost
one-third more than the share of coinage minted for Theodahad and
Witigis together, but such an element is directly present only in certain
collections (AMI/SIASP, ZMS). In others the proportional representation
of the coinage of Athalaric is usually considerably more conspicuous
(NMLj, AMZ). A greater number of coins of Witigis in contrast to those
of Theodahad is also apparent in the composition of individual collections
(AMS, AMZ), although such a condition was caused mainly by the
composition of private collections where the coinage of Theodahad was
not represented at all. The presence of silver and bronze coinage of Totila
is a not insignificant occurrence, particularly since for one of the
examples [No. 236] data about provenience and the period of the find are
known (AMS).
The representation of Ostrogothic coinage in collections formed
mainly of material gathered in regions which after 540 were neither under
the rule nor within the framework of Totila's Ostrogothic state seems to
indicate - despite individual differences - considerable similarities in
proportional representation. Hence a comparison with the numismatic
collection of the National Museum in Ravenna, as well as with the
considerably smaller collection of the museum in Aquileia, seems entirely
justified:
Eastern_movinces Ravenna A__g_uileia
Theodoric (490-526) 52.02 51.95 53.33
Athalaric (526-534) 26.61 27.27 26.67
Theodahad/Witigis (534-540) 16.13 19.48 20.00
Totila (541-552) 5.24 1.32 -
248 coins 77 coins 15 coins
 III.
CATALOGUE OF THE COINS

The material is classified according to ruler, mint and denomination,

and is accompanied by a description of each typological group. The system
presented in MIB 1-111 is exclusively used for the identification of groups,
with all corresponding numbers and symbols. All changes or deviations
from this system are denoted with the phrase dif. placed before the
classification number of the group to which the coin or coins belong. In the
case where a reattribution to some other Ostrogothic mint or ruler has been
made, Hahn's attribution is placed in parentheses and added after the
number together with the mint abbreviation or the name of the ruler. The
line below this contains the catalogue number of the coin (identical to that
of the photograph on the corresponding table), metrological data (axis,
weight and dimensions), and data about the provenience.
Information about the collection where the coin is (or once was)
located is given separately at the very bottom of odd pages. The names of
museum institutions are given in abbreviated form, followed by the
inventory number, when possible. Informations like data about purchases,
donation or similar are added only when available. Exceptions include two
coins from the AMS, where the symbol (n. no.) denotes examples from
the former Kalogjera collection, and several examples from the AMZ,
where the same symbol (n. no.) denotes coins from the former collection
of Benko Horvat. Otherwise, the name of the collection is placed in
parentheses only if the collection - particularly certain private ones - is
no longer accessible, or if the coin in question was for various reasons and
in various circumstances inaccessible having over the course of time
disappeared, been stolen or even lost, as is the case with several specimens
from museum collections in Zadar, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sremska Mitrovica
and Belgrade. Examples known only from the literature are accompanied
by the original description used on the occasion of their first publication, if
such exists, but only when the description has enabled a sufficiently clear
identification of the coin and its mint. Such examples, obviously, have no
corresponding photograph.
Those coins which could be photographed are presented in 1: 1 scale,
but are also always accompanied by a sufficiently enlarged format when it
is deemed necessary to stress the importance of an obverse or reverse, or
even both together. Identical dies were not specified in order to retain
clarity of form, and the relevant chapter referring to this should be
consulted. The same principle applies equally to all abbreviations, the
names of all collections (private or museum), and all sites mentioned in the
catalogue.
76 Descriptions of the coins

THEODORIC, 489-526
In the name of Zeno
(489 to 9 April 491)
ROMA
Tremissis

Obv. DNZENO PERPAVC Bust to right, draped, cuirassed and

diademed
Rev. VICTORIA.A VCVSTORVM Victory advancing three-
quarters left, head to right, wreath in right hand, cross on globe in
left. In exergue, CONOB
MIB I, 20 (Med)
1 6 1.44 gr. 15/14.5 mm. n.p.

MEDIOLANUM
114 s i 1 i qua

Obv . DNZENO PERPAVC Bust to right, draped, cuirassed and

diademed
Rev. VICTO[ ]IA[ ] Victory advancing ... , wreath in right hand,
cross on globe in left, right foot globe facing left. Eight-pointed
star in field right. In exergue, CON or CONOB
MIB I-III, -
2 6 0.42 gr. 13 mm. Sremska Mitrovica

In the name of Anastasius

(11 April 491 to July 518)
ROMA
Solidi

Obv. DNANASTA SIVSPFAVC Helmeted, cuirassed bust

facing , spear over shoulder in right hand, shield in left
Rev. VICTOR! AA VCCCE> Victory standing left supporting
long cross. In field right eight-pointed star, in field left RA
(ligatured). In exergue, COMOB
MIB I, 7
*3 1st- pod Turtulov, 1897
*4 Kaprije Is., 1901

Obv . As last
Rev. VICTORIA AAVCCCA Victory standing left supporting
long cross. Eight-pointed star in field right. In exergue, COMOB
MIB I , 91-2
5 6 4.12 gr. 19.5/17.5 mm. n.p.
84 Descriptions of the coins

Obv. DNANASTA SIVSPrAVC Bust to right, draped, cuirassed

and diademed
Rev. VICTORIAAV GVSTORVM Victory advancing three-
quarter left, head to right, wreath in right hand, cross on globe in
left, right foot on globe facing right. Six-pointed star in field left
while seven-pointed one in field right. In exergue, COMOB
MIB I-III, -
68 6 1.43 gr. 13.5 mm. Dubravice-Grahovo

SIRMIUM
1/4 s i 1 i q u a e

Obv. '.) NANASTAISVSHAC (retrograde, outwards) Bust to

right, cuirassed and diademed
Rev. * VICrI + RIAAV surrounding monogram
MIB I-III, -
69 6 0.98 gr. 14.5/14 mm. n.p.

Obv. [ ]ASTA 2 N 2 [ ] Bust to right, cuirassed and diademed

Rev. * MINVIT + ARVMAD surrounding monogram
MIBI-III, -
70 9 0,64 gr. 16/15 mm. Sremska Mitrovica, 1987

Obv. As last, but DHANA 2 TASIVSPPAV

Rev. As last.
MIB I,46
71 9 0.715 gr. 16.25/16 mm. Sisak-R. Kupa, 1913

Obv. As last, but DHANASTASIVSPPAVC

Rev. As last, but* MITAVIT + AROMAD
MIB I-III, -
72 5 0.68 gr. 13 mm. Sremska Mitrovica, 1987

Obv. DNANASTASVSPPAVc Bust to right, cuirassed and

diademed
Rev. * MINVIT + ARO MAD surrounding monogram
MIB I-III, -
73 3 0.88 gr. 16/15 mm. n.p.
74 3 0.17 gr. 9.5/6 mm. Dalj
75 Rev. As last, but* AINVI[ ]A+ ARVMA TAI
11 0.82 gr. - 16 mm. Salakovac, 1984

Obv. DTl1ATl1ASTASIVSPAV Bust to right, cuirassed and

diademed
 Plates 109

THEODORIC, in the name of Anastasius (491-518)

RO MA(2)

13 14

12*

15

18
19

21 23 24 26

27 28

Pl. 2
 Plates 117

ATHALARIC, 526-534
In the name of Justin I
(31 August 526 to 1august527)
ROMA

131 133

In the name of Justinian I

(1August527 to 2 October 534)
ROMA

136 139

Pl.10
 IV.
NOTES TO THE COINS

A) THEODORIC, IN THE NAME OF ZENO (489-491)

No. 1 (MIB I, 20; Med) - Yet another of three examples published to

date from the same die which has been attributed from 1975 to
Milan as, supposedly, the first Italian mint under the control of
Theodoric's Ostrogoths in the period of their invasion in 489.1 Its
place at the very beginning of Ostrogothic monetary activity in only
partially conquered Italy is not under debate, as well as the fact that
this die represents a break in a sixty some years long tradition of
Western Roman tremisses with a reverse type of a cross within a
wreath, 2 which only after the arrival of Theodoric is replaced by the
Eastern Roman Victoria advancing to the left. The globe below the
right foot of Victoria had not yet been introduced, and there are no
stars in either of the reverse fields. The portrait style on the reverse,
however, is not characteristic of Milan but rather of Rome, as is
shown by tremisses of that mint minted in the name of Zeno (Toi.,
52), 3 as well as the formation of some of the letters, particularly R.
No. 2 (MIB I-III, -) - A unique example of an early silver coin of
Theodoric, unfortunately perforated and considerably worn,
particularly on the reverse. The weight of a so-called light 1/4
siliqua, 4 an obverse legend with the PERP of Constantinople and
Milan in the second part and a cuirass which does not correspond to
the style of any of these mints, as well as the sketchily preserved
Eastern Roman Victoria together with a corresponding equally
poorly preserved reverse legend, the exergue ·and the eight-pointed
star in the left field all have no analogies among Ostrogothic
coinage minted in Italy prior to 11 April 491. The legend in the
form DNZENO PERPAVC is well known in the west but only
among the very early tremisses of the Roman mint [No. 1]. These

1 MIB I, p. 78, 82 (No. 20); HAHN 1984, 231 No. 4-5, Taf. I:4-5.
2 J.P.C. KENT, Un monnayage irregulier du debut du ye siecle, CENB 11, 1974, 27.
3 For similar examples attributed to Rome but dated too early, cf.: G. LACAM , La fin de
!'empire romain et le monnayage or en Italie (455-493), Vol. II, Luzern 1983, 693 witl).
Pl. CLXXIV (Type 2, Variete b:l-2), 694, Pl. 45:142, 143 (474-475); HAHN 1988, 359,
364 No. 19 (477/480). A similar example from the BM was dated to 490, R.A.G.
CARSON, Principal Coins of the Romans , Vol. III, The Dominate (AD 294-498),
London 1981, 100 No. 1642.
4 MIB I, p. 21 f.; HAHN 1984, 236.
140 Notes to the coins

Split which additionally utilizes the ligatured form RVM at the end
of the reverse legend [No. 95].
Nos. 98-107 (MIB I, 49) - Similar to the 1/4 siliquae of Theodoric with
the monogram in a wreath which were minted to 518 in the name of
Anastasius, these created for the reign of Justin I have at least three
groups of obverse legends:
1. DNIVSTI-NVS rA VC } rare,
2. DNIVSTI- NVSPA VC (AV sometimes ligatured) } rare,
3. DNIVSTI-NVSAVC (AV sometimes ligatured) }common.
The first two, represented here by three coins [Nos. 98-100], are
generally rare and were most probably minted for only a short
period. The third group is much more. numerous and was
undoubtedly minted much longer, and it seems that in the
chronological sense it followed the previous two [Nos. 101-107].
No. 108 (MIB I, 49; Rom) - The 114 siliquae minted in the name of
Justin I with a monogram of Theodoric in which the left vertical
bars of the letters R and D are connected with a horizontal line
originated in Ravenna ca. 518-520/522. 54 All examples of this rare
group have the ending PA VC in the second half of the obverse
legend.55
Nos. 109-21 (MIB I, 72a-b) - The Ravennate decanummi FELIXR
A VENNA with the monogram of Ravenna with or without the
combination of a cross above are the most numerous individual
group of the bronze coinage of Theodoric represented here ( 13
examples). Chronologically they follow rather than precede56 the
decanummi FELIXR AVENNA/eagle minted at the end of
Theodoric's reign and in the period of Justin I. Generally speaking,
the monogram without a cross is earlier, minted prior to 522.
Nos. 122-7 (MIB I, 50, MIB II, 502, MIB 1-111, - ) - In contras.t to the
1/4 siliquae with the name of Anastasius on the obverse, the amount
of Theodoric's 1/4 siliquae from Sirmium minted in the name of
Justin I is considerably less numerous. Although some examples,
still unconfirmed to date, were published as early as the mid 18th
century, 57 the first well documented 1/4 siliqua was either the

54 A similar monogram also appears in the period of Anastasius on a short Jived series
~MIB I, No. 54b) usually attributed to Milan.
5 The greatest number of published examples of this group are from museums in
northern Italy (Milan, Pavia, Ravenna), ARSLAN 1978, Nos. 39, 41-2; ARSLAN 1981,
No. 9; E. ERCCOLANI COCHI, La circulatione monetale fra tardo antico e alto
medioevo: degli scavi di Villa Clelia, StudiRomagnoli XXIX, 1978, 391 f. No. 32.
56 MIB I, p. 89 f.
57 These were written about in more detail first by STEFAN 1925, 8 f., and subsequently
by KRAUS 1928, 95 Nos. 73-4, 103 n. 13. Despite this, for the drawings and incidental
annotations related to the problem, see: MURATORI 1750, 553 f.; FRIEDLANDER 1844,
 Theodoric in the name of Justin I 141

chance find from Budrovci-S trbinci near D akovo in northern

Croatia (Slavonia) [No.124]58 or a part of the hoard from Mengen
in Germany.59 These two coins not merely exhibit different
monograms of Theodoric already known under Anastasius, but
also, which is much more important, represent both main Sirmium
reverse groups such as existed among 1/4 siliquae minted in the
name of Anastasius. Both have been supplemented in the meantime
by new finds exclusively from the territory of Srijem (Syrmia),
amongst which the Invicta Roma group is to date somewhat more
numerous and more varied in terms of dies [Nos. 122-123] than is
the case with the group which, in contrast to the former, is
characterized by an illiterate text on the reverse [Nos. 124-125].
There is also, in addition to the latter, a group with illiterate texts on
the both the obverse and reverse which, other than one 1/4 siliqua
long known to have been found in Srijem or northern Serbia [No.
126] ,ro also contains one bronze example formerly considered to
represent a coin minted in the name of Anastasius [No. 127] .61

D) THEODORIC, IN THE NAME OF ATHALARIC AND JUSTIN I (522-526)

Nos. 128-9 (MIB I, 52a; Rom)-The 1/2 siliquae minted in the name of
Justin I with the monogram of Athalaric and a reversed letter S
(MIB I, 51), and 1/4 siliquae without the title REX at the end of the
four line legend DN/ATHA/LARl/CVS are considerep the earliest
coins minted for Athalaric in the first months of his reign. They
were attributed to Ravenna for a long time and dated to the end of
526 or beginning of 527, 62 and more recently they have been
assigned to Rome as the only mint of silver Ostrogothic coinage
existing at that moment.63 A connection with the later coinage of
Athalaric minted in the name of Justinian (527-534) was made
possible less by the obverse ending PAVC and more by similarity

of other details, caution is necessary as is more certain and documented confirmation of

the authenticity.
58 STEFAN 1925, 7 f., Abb. 298:3; WERNER 1933, 90 (Abb. 39:10); MIB I, No. 50;
DEMO 1981, 477 No. 29, T. 1:29.
59 WERNER, 1933, 90 (Abb. 39:7), 96 No. 7.
ffl MEIXNER 1968, 53 f., Tab. 6:3; MIB II, p. 31, No. 502. The monogram of Theodoric.
in mirror image is also known on 1/4 siliquae of Sirmium minted in the name of
Anastasius [No. 79] .
61 DEMO 1981, 459, T. 3:A.
62 BMCGerm., 63; KRAUS 1928, 115.
63 MIB I, p. 87.
164 Identical dies

B) LIST OF DIES

Cat. No. Denom. Mint Collection Site , period of find (purchase)

Theodoric in the name of Anastasius (491-518)

Trem Rom ZMS 1116 Tomislavgrad district (1892)

Trem Rom AMS 203 n.p.
Efo Trem Rom AMZ290 Kriipolje (Pavlovic, 1881)

C~!J
Trem Rom ZMS 1958 Donje Vrtoce-Moraca (Topic, 1894)
Trem Rom AMS 135 n.p.

[15 Trem Rom AMZ298 n.p.

16 Trem Rom AMZ295 Salin (Ga8pic, 1868)

[19 Trem Rom AMS 206 n.p.

20 Trem Rom AMS 136 n.p.

[21 Trem Rom AMZ296 Vaganac vicinity, (Ritz, 1870)

Trem Rom AMZ294 n.p. (Mudrovcic, gift 1855)
223 Trem Rom AMS 137 n.p.
[23
24 Trem Rom AMS 204 n.p.

[ 25 Trem Rom NMLj 7052 n.p.

26 Trem Rom AMZ299 n.p.

48~
Trem Rav AMS 170 n.p.
49 Trem Rav AMS 207 n.p.

[~~
Trem Rav AMZ293 n.p. (Balas, 1882)
Trem Rav AMS 421 Benkovac vicinity (Novakovic, 1940)

[~~]
Trem Sis AMZ292., Sisak (lvkanec, gift 1892)
Trem Sis coll. Smit Prapretno-Gradec, 1992

E~!J
114 sil Sinn NMBg 001-1 n.p.
114 sil Sinn AMZb.b. Dalj
75 114 sil Sinn NMLj 7035 n.p. (1984)

[79 114 sil Sinn coll. Meixner n.p.

80 114 sil Sinn AMZ 1086 Novi Banovci (Manot Jr., 1900)

Theodoric in the name of Justin I (518-526)

[ 92 Trem Rom NMLj 5296 n.p. (ex PMMB,1904-1928)

93 Trem Rom AMZ330 n.p. (Strossmayer, gift 1863)
 VI.
FINDS AND SITES

A) GENERAL FEATURES
The majority of Ostrogothic coinage gathered in museums and
private collections - regardless of whether information is available
about provenience or not - is of local origin. Such a state is
characteristic for the small and extremely enfeebled collection of the
AMZd, the collection of the AMS (mutilated due to the disappearance of
the inventory books), and the small but well organized collection of the
ZMS. All three gathered material in the territory of Roman Dalmatia: the
first two in the regions of northern, central and southern Dalmatia and the
Dalmatian islands, and the latter in various sections of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The numismatic material from the Istrian peninsula was
mainly gathered in the collections of the SIASP of Trieste or in the AMI
in Pula, while only the earlier material of the NMLj and the AMZ is of a
reliably local character, meaning that it comes either from the region of
Slovenia in the first case, or from sites in central Croatia (Lika, the Kupa
basin) or from Croatian regions in the area between the Sava, Drava and
Danube Rivers (the Sava basin, Slavonia, Srijem/Syrmia) in the other.
The post-war or entirely recent acquisitions of the NMLj as a rule extend
beyond the borders of Slovenia itself, as is also the case in Croatia for
some acquisitions of and donations to the AMZ during the first world war
and particularly those occurring in the period between the wars.
Examples of the latter would be Ostrogothic bronze coins discovered in
Aquileia [Nos. 110, 186], as well as a bronze coin of Athalaric from
Nikopolis in northwestern Greece acquired in a somewhat similar manner
at the beginning of this century for the numismatic collection of the ZMS
[No. 184]. The Ostrogothic coinage from private collections almost
always as a rule includes data about provenience, as is true for the largest
of them (Meixner coll.), which other than regional references for several
1/4 siliquae of the Sirmium mint, also contains information about a hoard
of silver coins discovered somewhere in the vicinity of Vukovar.
Of the 284 examples of Ostrogothic coinage and four imitations
thereof [Nos. 249-252], data exists for more than a third, i.e. a total of 99
coins (96 regular and 3 imitations), accompanied in a considerable
number of cases with information about the period of the discovery or
acquisition. The data about provenience is of diverse character, hence
although examples which have only a too general regional determination
188 Finds and sites

TABLE 13. Map of finds of Ostrogothic coinage (numbers before the

place-names are identical to those in the alphabetical list of finds and
sites; numbers after sites refer only to finds of multiple coins).

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

4 Bihac district 18 eastern Herzegovina
s Bosanska Krajina 48 Tomislavgrad district
10 Donje Vrtoce-Moraca S3 Vinica

CROATIA

1 Bacin/Ad Praetorium 28 Labinci

3 Benkovac vicinity 29 Medvida/H adra vicinity
6 Budrovci-S trbinci/ C ertissa 30 Modrusani
7 Cvrljevo-Vinovo 31 Nin/Aenona
8 Dalj/ Teutoburgium 33 Perusic
9 Danilo/Rider 34 Porec/Parentium-St Euphrasius (2)
11 Donji Miholjac-Borik 39 Sisak!Siscia (10)
12 Dubravice-Grahovo 41 SmilCic
13 Dubrovnik 42 Solin/Salona (7)
14 Dugopolje (2) 4S Starigrad/Pharos (Is. Hvar)
16 near Gospic 47 Skabrnje
17 Gradac so Trogir-Bijaci/Siculi
19 lmotski vicinity (2) Sl vicinity of Vaganac (2)
20 1st-pod Turtulov (Is. 1st) S2 Vid/Narona
21 the island of Kaprije S4 Vinkovci/ Cibalae (2)
22 Klis SS Vizula
24 the island of Kore ula/ Corcyra (2) S6 Vukovar vicinity (4)
26 KriZpolje S7 Zadar/Jader vicinity
27 Kupirovo D PuCisce (Is. Brae) '>.

SLOVENIA

23 Kobarid- Stari grad 37 Predjama

2S Kranj! Carnium (6) 40 western Slovenia
3S Potoki-Ajdna 46 Sentjur pri Celju-Rifnik
36 Prapretno-Gradec 49 Trnje-Pus tal

SERBIA

2 Backa (?) 43 Sremska Mitrovica/Sirmium (7)

lS Golubinci- Seli ste 44 Srijem (Syrmia) or n. Serbia, (3)
32 Novi Banovci/Burgenae (2) S8 near Zemun/Taurunum
38 Salakovac
GREECE & ITALY

S9 Nikopolis, Greece 60 Aquileia (2), Italy

 Hoards of 61h century gold coins 219

that all the coins were found on the same land and by the same
individual, and when several years later the news of the find reached the
Archaeological Museum in Split the coins had already supposedly been
distributed among the closest relatives of the finder.3
Little can be said about the composition and d(lting, as well as the
value and significance of the hoard from Ist. It was certainly hidden after
522 and it could perhaps be suggested that it was deposited in the period
of the conflict between Byzantine and Ostrogothic troops in Dalmatia
535-537. 4 The only certain fact is that the find came from the eastern
coast of the island of Ist, one of the islands in the so-called Sedmovrace
group through which passed a maritime route - registered as early as the
prehistoric periods -whose starting points on one side were Zadar/Jader
and the Liburnian coast of northern Dalmatia, and on the other !stria with
Pula/Pola, Plmnin/Flanona, etc., or Italy with Ancona, Rimini/Ariminum,
Ravenna, etc.
Theodoric in the name ofAnastasius (491/518)
RAJ*
1 Sol (492/518) Rom MIB I, No. 7 rev.: COMOB e
Justin I (518/527)
2 Sol (522/527) Cons MIB I,No. 3 rev.: legend ends ?
1 Buuc 1900, 192 (as Sabatier I, p. 152, Tab. VIII n. 24-5).
2 Buuc 1900, 192 (as Sabatier I, p. 159, Tab. IX n. 21).

2. KAPRIJE (the island of Kaprije), Sibenik district, Croatia; 1901.

tpq. 527; AV (+2); solidus and tremissis (1+1): Theodoric/
Anastasius (1), Justinian (1).
Mints: Rome (1), Constantinople (1).
Location: the former coll. of D. Savo, Split (2).

3 BUUC 1900, 192. - One Ante Kozulic is noted as the finder, an individual perhaps
identical to the captain and boat owner from 1st who at the end of the 19th century was
the owner of the "Maria della Grazia": 0. FIJO, Pomorstvo otoka Ista [The Maritime
Significance of the Island of 1st], RadovilnstJAZUZd 3, 1957, 238.
4 Proc. BG, I 7,1-37; 16,8-18.
5 For this maritime route and its extension towards the Istrian coast, see: M. KOZLI CIC,
Historijska geografija istocnog Jadrana [The Historic Geography of the Eastern
Adriatic in Ancient Times], Split 1990, 83 n. 58, Map 6. That a somewhat different
schedule of shipping along the exterior of the northern Adriatic islands must have been
predicated by weather conditions and the local winds was suggested by: A. BADURINA,
Bizantski plovni put po vanjskom rubu sjevernih jadranskih otoka [The Byzantine Sea
Route along the Outer Edge of the North Adriatic Islands] Radovi!PU 16, 1992, 7-9.
 COLLECTORS, DONATORS & DEALERS*

BAKOTA, Srecko (1933-1983). - Lawyer in Zagreb. A member of the

Croatian Numismatic Society, a member of its managing committee
and the custodian of the Society's collection. He owned a valuable
collection of Roman and Byzantine coins, and further collected local
numismatic specimens from the period of WWII, as well as medals,
orders and badges. With the exception of 12 Byzantine coins minted in
Salona which he published on one occasion, little is known about the
size and composition of his numismatic collection, and almost nothing
is known about its further fate after his death. He wrote small articles
and reports concerned with the Byzantine period.
[No. 224] Witigis/Justinian, 10 nummi, Ravenna (in the Korcmaros collection).

BALAS, Mijo. - School committeeman and wholesale merchant in

Karlovac. One of the founders of the Karlovac Savings Bank, a trustee
of the National Museum (AMZ), and a member and a trustee of the
Croatian Archaeological Society (HAD) for Karlovac (1882-1892).
His entire numismatic collection of 383 examples of various coins -
3 gold (Valentinianus II, Anastasius, Clemens XII), 253 silver and 127
bronze - was donated to the museum in 1882.
[No. 50] Theodoric/Anastasius, tremissis, Ravenna (AMZ 293).

BARBIERI, Stefano. - District captain in Makarska, Benkovac, and

Obrovac in the last decades of the 19th century. Correspondent of the
Viennese k.k. Zentral Commission fiir Erforschung und Erhaltung der
Kunst- und historischen Denkmale (from 1876). On several occasions
in the period from 1879 to 1886 he donated various archaeological
material and particularly ancient coins collected in the vicinity of
Benkovac or various sections of the Ravni Kotari district to the AMS.
[No. 249] imitation: Theodoric/Zeno (Anastasius), tremissis, Siscia (AMS 929).

* Only those individuals for whose collection activities there is no data whatsoever are
not included on the list (e.g., Joso Bulic/No. 158, Emil Urh/No. 203, etc.). In contrast to
this, data about the collections or collecting activities of several living and still active
collectors are given in an entirely summary form. Exceptions were made only in those
cases where biographical or other data had already been published in numismatic or
similar journals. - The greatest information about the lives, work and collection
affinities of several early Croatian numismatists was first gathered and published by
RENGJEO 1953 (Lj. Ivkanec, I. Naletic-Aletic, A. Senoa, M. Vucemilovic, F. Dierich)
and subsequently by MIRNIK 1974 (B. Horvat, K. Nuber, J. Petkovic). The remaining
information comes from various sources not cited here.
 General index
Basil II, gold coins of 4 7
Basiliscus, half cenenionalis of 20, 209,
215
Ba5ka-Bosar, Mala Luka, coin hoard
(gold) 217 f., 221 ff.
Belisarius 151
Benkovac vicinity, find of contemporary
imitation of tremissis (bronze, gilded)
of Theodoric 44 ff., 164, 168 n. 2, 172,
180, 191, No. 51
Beograd/ Singidunum 169 n. 3, 174 n. 20
Bibinje, find site of solidus of Justinian 47
Bihac 34
Bihac district, find of 1/2 siliqua of
Theodahad 8, 67 f., 168 n. 1, 181, 198,
No. 200
BijaCi, see Trogir-Bijaci
Blatnica-Grmine, coin hoard (gold) 218,
235 f.
Bled-Breg (early Slavic cemetery),
fibula wrongly described as follis and
attributed to Theodahad 6
Borik I, see Donji Miholjac
Bosanska krajina (region in Bosnia &
Herzegovina), find of tremissis of
Theodoric 67 f., 135 f., 168 n. 1, 181,
198, No. 65
Bosansko Grahovo 173 n. 16
Bosnia 3, 7, 168, 178, 234
Bosnia and Herzegovina 7-9, 180, 198,
233,235
Brkac, coin hoard (gold) 217 f., 231 ff.,
238,243,245
Bronze coin(s), Greek 211; late Roman
10, 34, 207, 249; of Valentinian II 252
n. 5; Byzantine, of Justin I 59 n. 46; of
Mauricius 54; Constantine XI 59 n.
46; of Alexius Comnenus 59 n. 46;
Ostrogothic 167, 202; of Theodoric
(attributed to Athalaric) 32 f., 55, No.
116, 176; of Totila 40, No. 243;
bronze, silver gilded 1/4 siliqua of
Sirmium 36, 71, No. 127; Venetian 38
n. 188; Maria Theresa, empress-queen
38 n. 188
Brown, dr. Edward 3 n. 5
Budrovci--S trbinci/C ertissa 169, 173,
174 n. 19; find of 1/4 siliqua of
311
Theodoric 13, 15, 21, 25, 35, 61 f.,
141, 165, 181, 193,No.124
Budva, coin hoard (bronze) 19 f., 33, 36
n. 176,169,207-216
Burgundians 152 n. 93
Burnum, see Kistanje
Buzet/Pinguentum 30
Byzantine, coins in the region of Slavonia
22; 1/2 siliqua minted in Carthago 18
Byzantine-Ostrogothic war 148, 161, 217,
223
Caracalla, coin (Ant) of 207 ff., 211
Carthago 18
Cavtat/Epidaurum 171
Centanionalis (Cen), house of Theodosius
I 214; 5th century (illegible) 216
Chalkous (Chal), coin ofVonones II (king
of Parthia) 20
Cherson, coin wrongly attibuted to 207 f.
Cigoi L. 70, 160
Cividale/Forum lulii 232, 242 n. 80;
dukes (Ago, Lupus, Wechtari, etc.) of
duchy of261
Claustra Alpium Iuliarum 223 f.
Cleph (king of Lombards), 1/4 siliqua
("Silberdenar") wrongly attributed to
Gepids or Cleph 32 n. 157, 230, 232,
249 f., 253-262
Coana G. (coll) 30-31
Coin hoards, Thracian 1 n. 2 (Deva); late
5th: 33, 207-216 (Budva); late 5th or
early 6th: 27 (Dalmatia); Ostrogothic:
6, 217 ff. (Ist); 7, 217 f., 219 ff.
(Kaprije); 14 f., 137 n. 41, 138 n. 46,
141 (Mengen, grave 12); 27 (Pu Ci.see);
128 n. 11 (S. Lorenzo di Pusteria); 69,
167, 173, 176 (Vukovar vicitnity);
Byzantine: 217 f., 221 ff. (Baska-
Bosar); 218, 235 f. (Blatnica-Grmi-
ne); 217 f., 231 ff., 243, 245 f.
(Brkac); 155 n. 108 (Fontana Liri);
217 n. 1 (Gardun vicinity); 218, 233
ff., 243, 244 n. 7 (Grabovnik-Vrt-
ljak); 217 f., 223 ff. (Ilirska Bistrica-
Trnovo ); 159 n. 122 (Masera); 27
(bronze; Solin/ Salona ); 218, 236 f.
(gold; Solin/ Salona ); 27 (bronze;
Solin/Salona-Porta Caesarea); 218,