ASSIGNMENT IN

READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY

Submitted by:
Rasherna a. Mansul
bsn-1b
 1. What is history?
History is from Greek word, historia, meaning 'inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation'.
History is the study of change over time or is the study of the past, and it covers all aspects of
human society. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual,
religious and military developments are all part of history.

History is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery,
collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. It can
be a tremendous story, a rolling narrative filled with great personalities and tales of turmoil and
triumph. Each passing generation adds its own chapters to our history while reinterpreting and
finding new things in those chapters already written.

History provides a sense of context for our lives and our existence. It helps us to understand the
way things are and ways that we might approach the future.

2. What is the relevance of history

in relation to your course?
The idea of who is a nurse and what constitutes nursing practice has changed over time. An
understanding of the profession's history provides nurses with knowledge of their practice
relationships with other health-care professionals and encourages critical reflection on the value of
nurses' contributions in the past. And it is important to study nursing history specifically in order to
understand how the profession evolved. It helps a nurse to understand that while nurses take
orders from physicians, nursing has it own code of ethics (and nursing practice laws in each US
state). A nurse may in certain circumstances may be required to refuse to follow a physician’s
order.

3. What are the sources of

history?
Historical source (also known as historical material or historical data) is original source
that contain important historical information. These sources are something that inform us
about history at the most basic level, and these sources used as clues in order to study
history.

Historical sources include documents, artifacts, archaeological sites, features. oral

transmissions, stone inscriptions, paintings, recorded sounds, images (photographs,
motion pictures), and oral history. Even ancient relics and ruins, broadly speaking, are
historical sources.

4. Types of Sources
In general, there are three types of resources or sources of information: primary, secondary,
and tertiary. It is important to understand these types and to know what type is appropriate for
your coursework prior to searching for information.

Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based, including:
 original written works – poems, diaries, court records, interviews, surveys, and original
research/fieldwork, and research published in scholarly/academic journals.

Secondary sources is any source about an event, period, or issue in history that was
produced after that event, period or issue has passed and it includes:
 reference materials – dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books and articles that
interpret, review, or sythesize original research/fieldwork.

Tertiary sources is a source that summarises or compiles facts and knowledge

produced by someone else.
 Indexes – provide citations that fully identify a work with information such as author,
titles of a book, artile, and/or journal, publisher and publication date, volume and issue
number and page numbers.
 Abstracts – summarize the primary or secondary sources,
 Databases – are online indexes that usually include abstracts for each primary or
secondary resource, and may also include a digital copy of the resource.

5. Distinguished between internal

criticism and external criticism
Any source material collected should be subjected to both external and internal criticism. The
authenticity of the evidence is determined by external criticism, whereas credibility is established
by internal criticism (Shafer 1980).

External criticism

- refers to the legitimacy or authenticity of the document that a researcher uses in a

historical study. The purpose of external criticism is to identify the genuineness of a document.
 - involves authorship and textual circumstances (time, place, purpose)

- Example of external criticism: Who was the author and what is his/her background?

Internal criticism

-Is concerned with the trustworthiness or veracity of materials

- refers to the accuracy of the contents within a document

- refers to what the document says

6. What are the repositories of

primary sources?
A listing of over 5000 websites describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books,
historical photographs, and other primary sources for the research scholar. All links have been
tested for correctness and appropriateness.

7. What are the kinds of primary

sources??
Literary or cultural sources:

 novels, plays, poems (both published and in manuscript form)

 television shows, movies, or videos
 paintings or photographs

Accounts that describe events, people, or ideas:

 newspapers
 chronicles or historical accounts
 essays and speeches
 memoirs, diaries, and letters
 philosophical treatises or manifestos

Finding Information about people:

 census records
 obituaries
 newspaper articles
 biographies

Finding information about organizations:

  archives (sometimes held by libraries, institutions, or historical societies)
 search Library Catalog Search or WorldCat using the name of the organization as an author

Finding information about a place:

 maps and atlases

 census information
 statistics
 photographs
 city directories
 the local library or historical society