Mi = bending moment in plane member, Nm1 , Mo =bending moment out of, or transverse to, plane

of member, Nm and Mt =torsional moment (Nm)

ii = stress identification factor under bending in plane of member

io = stress identification factor under bending out, or transverse to, plane of member

Z = section modulus of pipe (cm3 ). The stress analysis couldn’t be done due to lack of good
understanding of stress analysis and also due to lack of data.

2 Selection of valves and flow meters

For this pipeline deign, 3 way ball valve, pressure reducing valve and gas flowmeter are selected.
The reason for the selection of the 3 way ball valve is that when the CO2 plant isn’t producing
carbon dioxide the flue gas from the production boiler has to be released to the atmosphere, so that
valve can release the flue gas and also during the conditions when it is needed not to use production
boiler’s flue gas, it is possible to manual operate the ball valve to release the flue gas to the
atmosphere. The need for using the pressure reducing valve is that to meet the design pressure
parameters (-10mmWG) of the flue gas inlet to the scrubber. The gas flowmeter helps to know
when the flue gas (from the production boiler) is flowing to the scrubber tower and to check the
pressure of the gas at inlet of this tower. Note that the three way ball valve is situated at the scrubber
tower and the pressure reducing valve comes after this valve and before the flowmeter.

3 Flue gas flow rate moderation

All of the above design procedure shows how to transport the flue gas safely to the inlet of the
scrubber tower but the other main part of the design is to moderate the flow rate of flue gas from
the glass line production boiler and the flow rate of the flue gas from the carbon dioxide plant
boiler to the inlet flow rate of the flue gas to the scrubber tower so that the flue gas from the glass
line production boiler can be used as raw material for carbon dioxide production. In order to do
that mass flow rate of flue gas production from the boiler room and carbon dioxide room has to be
calculated.

𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝑎𝑖𝑟 → 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 + 𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛

2𝐶8394 𝐻15818 𝑆11 + 24741𝑂2 + 22𝑁2 → 16788𝐶𝑂2 + 15818𝐻2 𝑂 + 22𝑆𝑂2 + 22𝑁2 + 22𝑂2

The above empirical formula for the gas oil was calculated using the ultimate analysis of the gas
oil data (carbon-86%, hydrogen-13.6% and sulfur-3%) obtained from the literature. The value of
the flue gas components in the following table was calculated using the fuel flowrate for glass line
production boiler and carbon dioxide boiler as 31.5 Kg/hr. and 89.3172Kg/hr. and applying the
principles of stoichiometry.

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References
ASME. (2001). ASME B31.4a-2001. Third park avenue,New York: ASME.

Atlas Steels. (2016, October). Section 5 – Carbon Steel Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges. Retrieved from Atlas
Steels: www.atlassteels.com.au

Carpenter and Paterson,Inc. (2020). Pipe support hardware. Carpenter and Paterson,Inc.

Gutierrez, J. (2003). Wind code evaluation. Panama.

Miller, P. D., & Krause, H. H. (1972). Corrosion of carbon and stainless steels in flue gases from municipal
incinerators. National Incinerator Conference (pp. 300-309). Columbus,Ohio: Battelle,Columbus
laboratories.

Miranda, J. L., & Lopez, L. A. (2011). Piping design: the fundamentals. Santa Tecla, El Salvador: UNU-GTP
and LaGeo.

ROCKWOOL. (2019). ProRox Product catalogue. Retrieved from ROCKWOOL: www.rockwool.com

Songolzadeh, M., Soleimani, M., Ravanchi, M. T., & Songolzadeh, R. (2014). Carbon dioxide separation
from flue gases: A technological review emphasising reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The
Scientific World Journal, 34.

Sunrise steel group. (2020, January). Seamless steel pipe. Retrieved from Pipe and pipe fittings:
sunrisesteelgroup.com/Product-show-4-seamless_Steel_Pipe

Union Enginnering. (2010). Carbon dioxide plant operating manual. Union Enginnering.

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