Commission on Higher Education

Bulacan State University

City of Malolos, Bulacan
College of Education

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TYPES OF PLANT
PROPAGATION
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Presented to Mr. Mark Morales

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In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course

Agri-Fishery

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Submitted by:

Morelos, Maribeth

Nicolas, Norence

Ocampo, Elaine Joy

 TYPES OF PLANT PROPAGATION

NATURAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

Vegetative propagation is a type of reproduction method mainly found in plants.

Natural vegetative propagation refers to the natural development of a new plant

without human intervention.

The natural vegetative propagation occurs through roots, bulbs, corms, tubers,

suckers , rhizomes , runner, plantlets.

Bulbs, such as daffodils, form lateral buds from the base of the mother bulb, which

produce new smaller bulbs or bulbels in subsequent years.

Rhizomes are root-like stems that grow horizontally under the ground. New roots

and shoots form at the nodes with shoots growing upwards to form new plantlets.

Lateral buds grow out to form new rhizomes.

Stolons are horizontal stems that grow above the ground. Tiny plantlets form along

the stolon and roots form where they touch the ground

Tubers are swollen portions of an underground stem that store food so a plant can

lie dormant over the winter.

SEXUAL PROPAGATION
 The reproduction of plants by seeds. The genetic material of two parents is

combined by pollination and fertilization to create offspring that are different from

each parent.

Most seeds are composed of three major parts: embryo, endosperm (food storage)

tissue, and a seed coat (protective tissue)

The embryo is a miniature plant in a resting (dormant) state. Most seeds contain a

built-in food supply called the endosperm. The protective outer covering of a seed

is called the seed coat.

TYPES OF POLLINATION

Self-Pollination (Bisexual)

Cross-Pollination(Unisexual)

EXAMPLES OF HYBRID FRUITS

Tangelo combination of Tangerines and Grapefruit

Plumcots combination of Plums and Apricot

Tayberry combination of Blackberry and Rasberry

Pomato combination of Potato and Tomato

 Rabbage combination of Cabbage and Radish

SEED DORMANCY

Viable seeds that do not germinate are dormant. Dormancy can be regulated by the

environment or by the seed itself.

METHODS TO BREAK SEED DORMANCY

Stratification

Light

Scarification

Water

Double Dormancy

GERMINATION

Germination is the resumption of active embryo growth after a dormant period.

ADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL PROPAGATION IN PLANTS

Simple equipment and fewer facilities are required than for other

propagation methods.
 Seeds are easy to transport and store.

It's a cheap way of growing a large number of plants.

Plants produced are hardy and have strong root system.

Hybridization work depends upon seed germination.

DISADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL PROPAGATION IN PLANTS

Plants raised through seeds have long juvenile period. It takes long time to fruiting.

Some seedless fruits cannot be propagated through seed. The only method to.

produce these plants will be asexual method.

The plants could mature at different times and show variation in growth. This could

be a problem for a market gardener, for example, because not all the crop would be

ready to sell at the same time.

ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

Asexual plant propagation uses vegetative parts of the plant to make a clone, or

an exact genetic copy, of the parent plant.

TYPES OF ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

Cuttings

Parts of plants removed from a parent plant and rooted to form new plants.
CUTTING METHOD

METHOD 1 OF 3

Determine if your species of plant can grow from a cutting.

Cut off a branch from the existing plant.

Cut off big branches and 2/3 of leaves from the branch.

Cut the bottom of larger, woody branches on a 30-degree angle.

Decide whether to grow

METHOD 2 OF 3

Scrape off the bark on the bottom of hardwood cuttings.

Transplant your cutting into a pot filled with a potting.

Water the medium thoroughly.

Secure a plastic bag over the top of the pot.

Wait for 2-3 weeks for roots to form.

Transplant the cutting once roots have formed.

METHOD 3 OF 3

Place the cutting into a bottle of water for up to 2 weeks.

Transplant your cutting to soil after roots start to develop.

Place the plant in a sunny area and water it, if necessary.

Layering

A method of propagating new plants when seeding, cutting, grafting and other

methods are impractical or ineffective.

Division

Crown division, or division, is one of the best ways to propagate herbaceous perennial

plants.

Budding

A method of grafting in which the scion is a single bud rather than a piece of stem

or twig.

BUDDING METHOD

Cur the bud stick from it’s source

Carve a bud shield

 Make a T-cut in the new plant

Create a pocket. Peel the bark away from your T-cut

Trim the bud shield if needed

Once the bud shield lines up perfectly with the rootstocks vertical cut, line the

two up.

TISSUE CULTURE

Or micro propagation, is the art and science of propagating plants in vitro, which

means "within the glass," in this case, a propagation tube.

Grafting

The act of joining two plants (or their parts) together.

BUDDING METHOD

Step 1: Vertical Incisions

Step 2: Prepare the Scion

Step 3: Connect Scion and Rootstock

Step 4: Secure the Graft

Step 5: Protect the Graft

Step 6: Secure the plastic

COMMON TOOLS USED IN ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

Grafting knife

An implement designed especially for use in grafting that combines a handle, a blade

for making the cut for a cleft graft and a wedge for holding it open while the scions

are being inserted.

Budding Knife

Budding knife has a curved edge and a blunt end for opening the bark and inserting

the bud.

Double bladed budding knife

Used for patch-budding.

Sharpening stone

Used to sharpen the edges of steel tools and implements through grinding and honing.
 Hand Pruners

Are heavy-duty scissors specifically designed to cut plant stems and hard shrub

branches.

Dibble

A small hand tool used to make holes the soil for planting bulbs and seeds, or

for transplanting plants.

Grafting Tape or Wax

A composition of rosin, beeswax, tallow, and similar materials, used in gluing

and sealing the wounds of newly grafted trees or shrubs to protect them from

infection.

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION

Artificial vegetative propagation refers to the artificial development of new

plants by means of human intervention.

Cutting

A part of a plant such as a leaf or a stem is planted after treating it with hormones

that induce root development.

TYPES OF CUTTING (STEM CUTTING)

Softwood cuttings are prepared from soft, succulent, new growth of woody

plants, just as it begins to harden (mature).

Semi-hardwood cuttings are usually prepared from partially mature wood of

the current season’s growth, just after a flush of growth .The wood is

reasonably firm and the leaves of mature size

Hardwood cuttings are taken from dormant, mature stems in late fall, winter,

or early spring. Plants generally are fully dormant with no obvious signs of

active growth. The wood is firm and does not bend easily.

TYPES OF CUTTING (LEAF CUTTING)

Leaf petiole - attaches the leaf to the stem and contains vascular tissue that

provides a connection from the stem to permit sap to enter the leaf and the

products of photosynthesis (carbohydrates) to be transported from the leaf to

the rest of the plant.

Leaf-bud cutting- a cutting consisting of a segment of current season's growth

with a leaf, axillary bud, and a small section of stem used in the propagation of

various plants.

Leaf section cutting- it is a process in which the leaves is cut into piece.

Layering
A means of plant propagation in which a portion of an above-ground stem grows

roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent

plant.

TYPES OF LAYERING

Simple layering -can be accomplished by bending a low growing, flexible stem

to the ground. Cover part of it with soil, leaving the remaining 6 to 12 inches

above the soil. Bend the tip into a vertical position and stake in place . The

sharp bend will often induce rooting, but wounding the lower side of the bent

branch may help also.

Tip layering- is quite similar to simple layering. Dig a hole 3 to 4 inches deep.

Insert the tip of a current season’s shoot and cover it with soil. The tip grows

downward first, then bends sharply and grows upward. Roots form at the bend.

The re-curved tip becomes a new plant. Remove the tip layer and plant it in

late fall or early spring.

Compound (serpentine) layering- is similar to simple layering, but several

layers can result from a single stem. Bend the stem to the rooting medium as

for simple layering, but alternately cover and expose sections of the stem. Each

section should have at least one bud exposed and one bud covered with soil.

Wound the lower side of each stem section to be covered .

Mound (stool) layering- is useful with heavy-stemmed, closely branched shrubs

and rootstocks of tree fruits. Cut the plant back to 1 inch above the soil surface

in the dormant season.

 Air layering- can be used to propagate large, overgrown house plants.

ADVANTAGES OF LAYERING

The parent plant supplies the new individual with water and food, particularly

carbohydrates and proteins, and hormones, particularly the auxins, until it

makes its own food and hormones.

Comparatively bigger plant could be obtained through layering. It is possible

to generate few individuals of important species with minimum propagation

facilities.

It is possible to propagate difficult to root plants vegetatively.

DISADVANTAGES OF LAYERING

This method of propagation is limited to plants which form growing points

readily.

It is difficult to produce large number of plants through this method. In other

words, this method does not use propagation material economically.

This method is short but time consuming and little difficult in some cases.

Grafting

This process involves joining the shoot system of a plant (known as scion) to

the root system of another plant (known as the stock). The two are joined

where the sizes (diameter) of the scion and stock are very close.

TYPES OF GRAFTING

Whip and Tongue Graft

 This graft produces a new plant by joining a single, straight scion on top of a

cut-off rootstock..

Cleft Grafting

Attaches a less hardy scion variety to a hardy rootstock, changing the variety

of the plant. Cleft grafts are common on fruit trees and performed during the

winter while the trees are dormant.

Side Veneer Grafts

This graft joins a scion to a dormant, potted rootstock to create a new plant or

replace an existing branch.

Suckering

Vegetative formation of a new stem and root system from an adventitious bud

of a stem or root, either naturally or by human action. Such asexual

reproduction is based on the ability of plants to regenerate tissues and parts.