The one child policy was part of the birth planning program implemented

in 1970s to control the size of its national population in some other countries. It
was unique from other family planning policies around the world which focus on
contraception, setting a legal limit on the size of a household or mandating that
the vast majority of couples in the country could only have one child. This was
intended to alleviate the social, economic and environmental problems associated
with the country's rapidly growing population. The population of the Philippines
according to worldometers.info for the past 2 years or in the year 2017 was
105,172,925 and it abruptly increase for the succeeding year in 2018 we have a
total number of population of about 106,651,394 which increase at about 1.41%
from its previous year. Now in the year 2019 we have a total number of population
of about 108,116,615 which increases at about 1.37% from its previous years
respectively. For the information of everybody Philippines shared at about 1.40 %
to world’s population. And we rank as 36th densest population among the 235
countries throughout the world according to statisticstimes.com. Philippines has a
density of 362.6 per square meter or is equivalent 939.1 per square mile.

Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, UN Under-Secretary-General 2000-2010 “We

cannot confront the massive challenges of poverty, hunger, disease and
environmental destruction unless we address issues of population and
reproductive health.”

While billions enjoy an affluent style, more than a tenth of the world’s
population live in extreme poverty today. Poverty is not a consequence of
limited global resources, but political and economic injustice. However, the
poorest people are almost always at greatest risk from environmental damage,
climate change and competition for resources. The effects of unsustainable
population hit the poorest first, and hardest.

The world's poorest countries tend to have the largest family sizes and
fertility rates. When people have no economic security and cannot rely on their
government and a socal safety net, they often have children to ensure they will
be looked after when they are older. Where child mortality is high, there is an
even greater impetus to have more children. Those circumstances can lead in
turn to a culture which values high family size.

This understandable human impulse can contribute to a vicious cycle.

Poor families with large numbers of dependent children may perceive the need
to take children out of education early, or marry off their daughers young. They
will also often live in deprived communities where access to modern family
planning is limited. All these factors combine to keep family sizes high,
perpetuating the cycle.

According to Karan Singh, Indian politician "My statement that

‘development is the best contraceptive’ became widely known and oft quoted.
20 years later I am inclined to reverse this, and my position now is that
‘contraception is the best development’.”

What applies to families, applies also to nations. In poorer countries,

providing jobs, infrastructure, health services and education to a constantly
growing population can be an impossible task. In the worst cases, even food
can be impossible to supply. In countries with very high population growth, huge
numbers of dependent children in comparison to economically productive
adults create a further burden.

According to Goodall Gondwe, minister of Finance, Malawi, 2017 ““The

high population is exerting a lot of pressure on our economy. As a country we
have made tremendous gains over the years but the impact is not reflected on
our economy because the gains have been dissipated by population growth”

LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION

While people living in poverty make a minuscule impact on global
environmental problems such as climate change, they can have a devastating
impact on their local environment. Soils may be eroded in an attempt to
increase crop yields, fish stocks decimated to provide food and local forests
razed for timber and firewood. These actions, along with increasing conflict
between humans and wildlife and hunting of animals for food can have a huge
impact on biodiversity.
Environmental damage can have wider impacts. For instance, in places where
there is no water supply and no refuse collection, people are obliged to use and
discard plastic packaging or bottles, sometimes in waterways, contributing to
plastic pollution in the oceans. The perception that poverty equates to a low
environmental footprint does not hold true in many circumstances.
SOLUTIONS
The recipe for ending population growth is positive and simple:

 Lift people out of poverty

  Provide universal access to modern family planning
 Empower women
 Education
 Encourage and incentivize smaller families

There are direct relationships between economic development, access to

education and reductions in fertility rates. It is essential that we do all we can
to end global poverty and secure universal, high quality education for all
children and young people. Those cannot be effective, however, without high
quality, modern family planning - and the desire to use it. More than 200m
women have an unmet need for modern contraception - meaning that they
don't want to get pregnant but are not using contraception. This can be
because they do not have access to it, because their circumstances prevent
them from using it or because, as is often the case, they have concerns about
side-effects or how to use it effectively. Beyond that, in some places there is
still a cultural preference for larger families.
If all of these methods are used in combination, they are most effective, and
have secured dramatic reductions in fertility rates in many countries.
 Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial
legacies, and on to the present.
Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to generation,
originally through an oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao, were able to
keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom. One such was the Darangen, an epic of
the Maranaos.

The Maranao people (Maranao: ['mәranaw]; Filipino: Maranaw[2]), also spelled Meranao, Maranaw,
and Mëranaw, is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern tribe who are
the "people of the lake", a predominantly-Muslim Lanao province region of the Philippine island
of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic
literature, the Darengen.

The 10 Best Books in Philippine Literature

 Noli Me Tángere by Dr. José Rizal.
 Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas.
 Mga Ibong Mandaragit by Amado V. Hernandez.
 The Woman Who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin.
 Po-on A Novel by F. Sionil Jose.
 Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos.
 Ilustrado by Miguel Syjuco.
 Dekada '70 by Lualhati Bautista.

Types of Literature
General Types of Literature
Literature can generally be divided into two types; prose and poetry. Prose consists of those written
within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs, while poetry refers to those
expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone.

I. PROSE

There are many types of prose. These include novels or biographies, short stories, contemporary
dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches.

a. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-to-life
stories…and span a long period of time. There are many characters involved. Example: WITHOUT
SEEING THE DAWN by Steven Javallena.

b. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one single
impression. Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan.

c. Plays. This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each act has many scenes. Example:
THIRTEEN PLAYS by Wilfredo M. Guerrero.

d. Legends. These are fictitious narrative, usually about origins. Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio
Duran.
e. Fables. These are also fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate thins who speak and act
like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways
and attitudes. Example: THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE.

f. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out
lessons to the reader. It can be stories about animals or children. Example: THE MOTH AND THE
LAMP.

g. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event.
The best example of this is the Editorial page of a newspaper.

h. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his autobiography or
that of others. Example: CAYETANO ARELLANO by Socorro O. Albert
i. News. This is a report of everyday events in society, government, science and industry, and
accidents, happening nationally or not.
j. Oration. This is a formal treatment of a subject and is intended to be spoken in public. It appeals to
the intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the audience.

II. POETRY
There are three types of poetry and these are the following:

A. Narrative Poetry. This form describes important events in life either real or imaginary.
The different varieties are:

1. Epic. This is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control. Example:
THE HARVEST SONG OF ALIGUYON translated in English by Amador T. Daguio

2. Metrical Tale. This is a narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or
a metrical romance. Examples: BAYANI NG BUKID by Al Perez

3. Ballads. Of the narrative poems, this is considered the shortest and simplest. It has a simple
structure and tells of a single incident. There are also variations of these: love ballads, war ballads,
and sea ballads, humorous, moral, and historical or mythical ballads. In the early time, this referred to
a song accompanying a dance.

B. Lyric Poetry. Originally, this refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of
a lyre, but now, this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet.
They are usually short, simple and easy to understand.

1. Folksongs (Awiting Bayan). These are short poems intended to be sung. The common theme is
love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope and sorrow. Example: CHIT-CHIRIT-CHIT

2. Sonnets. This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea. These are
two types: the Italian and the Shakespearean. Example: SANTANG BUDS by Alfonso P. Santos

3. Elegy. This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is
death. Example: THE LOVER’S DEATH by Ricaredo Demetillo

4. Ode. This is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables
or definite number of lines in a stanza.

5. Psalms (Dalit). This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing a philosophy of life.
6. Awit (Song). These have measures of twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the
accompaniment of a guitar or banduria. Example: FLORANTE AT LAURA by Franciso Balagtas

7. Corridos (Kuridos). These have measures of eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial
beat. Example: IBONG ADARNA

C. Dramatic Poetry

1. Comedy. The word comedy comes from the Greek term “komos” meaning festivity or revelry. This
form usually is light and written with the purpose of amusing, and usually has a happy ending.

2. Melodrama. This is usually used in musical plays with the opera. Today, this is related to tragedy
just as the farce is to comedy. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but there
is a happy ending for the principal character.

3. Tragedy. This involves the hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin
without success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist in a comedy.

4. Farce. This is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines; situations are
too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the motives undignified and
absurd.

5. Social Poems. This form is either purely comic or tragic and it pictures the life of today. It may aim
to bring about changes in he social conditions.