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Mapa
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Y EL CARIBE
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e
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i
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om Guadeloupe

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Guatemala HONDURAS C ar ibbe an Se a ing DOMINICA Martinique
o

rin
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c
GUATEMALA Netherlands BARBADOS
NICARAGUA Aruba Antilles
Managua GRENADA SAINT VINCENT AND
DO
ad R

THE GRENADINES
or

VA alv Port of Spain


EL SA L S
San
San José PANAMA Caracas
TRINIDAD AND
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COSTA RICA
10 ° Panamá
rge
town 10
°
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G
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de Bogotá French Guiana
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G

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UA

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Y

Isla San Félix


100 ° 90 ° Isla San Ambrosio

30°

30
Islas
Juan Fernãndez A °
Santiago URUGUAY
N
TI

Buenos Aires Montevideo


EN
E

ARG
C H I L

40°

40
50
° 40
° °
Capital city
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used
on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance
by the United Nations.

50 ° Falkland Islands *A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United
(Malvinas) * Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over
the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

0 500 1000 1500 2000 km

80 ° 70° °
60 0 500 1000 mi

Map No. 3977 Rev. 4 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support


May 2010 Cartographic Section

Los mapas de esta publicación no reflejan la posición de UNICEF sobre el estado legal de cualquier
país o territorio ni tampoco la demarcación de cualquier frontera.

184

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