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    This document provides an overview of methanol, including its physical and chemical properties, production methods, process technology, uses, and economic and health aspects. Methanol is produced commercially via catalytic synthesis using synthesis gas as a feedstock, typically derived from natural gas. The synthesis occurs in multi-tubular fixed-bed reactors containing copper-based catalysts. Methanol production has increased substantially in recent decades and the chemical is widely used as a precursor to other chemicals and fuels or as a fuel directly.

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    This document provides an overview of methanol, including its physical and chemical properties, production methods, process technology, uses, and economic and health aspects. Methanol is produced commercially via catalytic synthesis using synthesis gas as a feedstock, typically derived from natural gas. The synthesis occurs in multi-tubular fixed-bed reactors containing copper-based catalysts. Methanol production has increased substantially in recent decades and the chemical is widely used as a precursor to other chemicals and fuels or as a fuel directly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    77 views1 page

    Methanol

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Mohamed
    This document provides an overview of methanol, including its physical and chemical properties, production methods, process technology, uses, and economic and health aspects. Methanol is produced commercially via catalytic synthesis using synthesis gas as a feedstock, typically derived from natural gas. The synthesis occurs in multi-tubular fixed-bed reactors containing copper-based catalysts. Methanol production has increased substantially in recent decades and the chemical is widely used as a precursor to other chemicals and fuels or as a fuel directly.

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    Methanol

    JÖRG OTT, Lurgi GmbH, A member of the Air Liquide Group, Frankfurt (Main),
    Germany
    VERONIKA GRONEMANN, Lurgi GmbH, A member of the Air Liquide Group, Frankfurt
    (Main), Germany
    FLORIAN PONTZEN, Air Liquide Forschung und Entwicklung GmbH, Frankfurt (Main),
    Germany
    ECKHARD FIEDLER, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany
    GEORG GROSSMANN, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany
    D. BURKHARD KERSEBOHM, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany
    GÜNTHER WEISS, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany
    CLAUS WITTE, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany

    1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.3.1. CO2-to-Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12


    2. Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5.3.2. Liquid Phase Methanol Synthesis
    3. Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (LPMEOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
    4. Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.3.3. Direct Oxidation of Methane . . . . . . . 13
    4.1. Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.4. Distillation of Crude Methanol . . . . 13
    4.1.1. Thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.5. Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . 14
    4.1.2. Kinetics and Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . 4 6. Handling, Storage, and
    4.1.3. Byproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
    4.2. Catalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. Explosion and Fire Control . . . . . . . 14
    4.2.1. Conventional Methanol Synthesis 6.2. Storage and Transportation. . . . . . . 15
    Catalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. Quality Specifications and Analysis . . . 15
    4.2.2. Alternative Catalyst Systems . . . . . . . 7 8. Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . 17
    4.2.3. Catalyst Deactivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
    5. Process Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9.1. Use as Feedstock for Chemical
    5.1. Production of Synthesis Gas . . . . . . 8 Syntheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
    5.1.1. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9.2. Use as Energy Source . . . . . . . . . . . 19
    5.1.2. Other Raw Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.3. Other Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
    5.2. Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10. Economic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
    5.2.1. Reactor Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11. Toxicology and Occupational Health 22
    5.2.2. Large-Scale Methanol Synthesis Loop 11.1. GHS Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
    Designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11.2. Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
    5.3. Alternative Synthesis Routes . . . . . . 12 11.3. Occupational Health . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    Abbreviations used in this article: DMT: dimethyl terephthalate


    ATR: autothermal reformer DMTO: DICP methanol-to-olefins
    CTF: covalent triazine-based ETBE: ethyl tert-butyl ether
    framework FAMEs: fatty acid methyl esters
    DICP: Dalian Institute of Chemical HP: high-pressure
    Physics LP: low-pressure
    DME: dimethyl ether LPMEOH: liquid phase methanol

     2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim


    10.1002/14356007.a16_465.pub3

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