Trifa Sumbasacu - UR EUROPE INNOVATE FOR RESILIENCE 2019.ppsx

UR EUROPE: INNOVATE FOR RESILIENCE
BUCHAREST, THE VULNERABLE CITY
Arch. RALUCA-MARIA TRIFA, ARCEN

Eng. MATEI SUMBASACU, RE:RISE
27 - 29 NOVEMBER 2019 | BUCHAREST, ROMANIA


(I)
PRESERVING BUCHAREST BUILT HERITAGE

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
About...
About...
A.R.C.E.N (Romanian Association for Culture, Education, Normality)

is a Non-Governmental Organization based in Bucharest, founded in 2006.
The projects developed BY A.R.C.E.N. aim to protect the built heritage and the emotional
memory of Bucharest, to reactivate urban spaces through culture, to develop micro-
communities and to improve the cultural life in the city and the contemporary cultural
landscape.
A.R.C.E.N.’s activity is divided into three directions:
• Micro-communities
• Ideas in dialogue
• Memory of the City

ARCEN Projects
Micro-communities
• Cultural projects aimed to encourage the

consolidation of micro-communities in the
historical areas of Bucharest
• District 40 Project - guided tours, movie
projections, performative reading, interactive
sensorial installations, video mapping
ARCEN Projects
ARCEN Projects
ARCEN and Re:Rise (Seismic Risk Reduction Association) started

"Antiseismic District", the first project in Romania conceived for informing,
educating and empowering an urban community vulnerable to earthquakes,
located on the borders of a central district of Bucharest, conventionally defined
"District 40“.
ARCEN Projects
ARCEN Projects
Ideas in dialogue
• 21 Nocturnes - nocturnal poetry

• debates and conferences
• public lectures
ARCEN Projects
ARCEN Projects
Memory of the City
• With the walking stick through

Bucharest - guided cultural tours
• 9th edition (in 2018)
• Around 1000 participants on each tour
• Catalog Bucuresti
ARCEN Projects
ARCEN Projects
Memory of the City

#CATALOGBUCURESTI - the first inventory of all the buildings (old, new,
under construction) and vacant sites located in the historical areas of Bucharest.
BUILT PROTECTED AREAS IN BUCHAREST

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest
Uranus Neighborhood Bucharest in the 70s

Uranus Neighborhood Bucharest in the 80s

People's House (The Palace of Parliament ) - Bucharest in the 90s

The urban area demolished during the communist regime (1970 -1990)

98 Built Protected Areas (BPA) /

General Urban Plan of Bucharest (1997-2000) - Zonal Urban Plan "Built
Protected Areas in Bucharest" (1999)
Local Urban Planning Regulations for these BPAs approved in 2000.

In 2009 through a decision of the General Council of the city of Bucharest 12 BPAs were subsequently
reviewed.
• Z.P.C. 02 Calea Griviţei;
• Z.C.P. 04 Bulevardul Magheru;
• Z.P.C. 12 Bulevardul Lascăr Catargiu;
• Z.C.P. 38 Zona Labirint;
• Z.P.C. 40 Zona Icoanei;
• Z.C.P. 46 Parcelarea Vatra Luminoasă;
• Z.C.P. 48 Parcelarea Filipescu;
• Z.C.P. 49 Parcelarea Bonaparte - Mora;
• Z.P.C. 53 Parcelarea Mornand;
• Z.C.P. 56 Parcelarea U.C.B.;
• Z.C.P. 73 Parcelarea Domenii;
• Z.C.P. 94 Zona Căderea Bastiliei.
In 2011, other 3 BPAs were revised and detailed:

• Z.C.P. 10. CaleaDorobanţi
• Z.C.P. 32. Vasile Conta
• Z.C.P. 34. Pitar Moş
• The number of buildings listed as historical monuments / errors
• How many buildings are located in the BPAs?
• Which are the most frequent violations of the urban planning regulations ?
• How many buildings have undergone irreversible interventions regarding

the volume, the facades or interior layout?
• How many buildings were legally or illegally demolished?
• How many of these are listed as historical monuments?
• How many buildings are currently unused?
• How many buildings have suffered structural degradation due to

earthquakes?
• How many of these buildings are in danger of collapse?

BUILT PROTECTED AREAS IN BUCHAREST

THE ACTUAL SITUATION
Built Protected Areas In Bucharest – the Actual

Situation
The actual state of the built heritage from BPA of Bucharest - dysfunctions:
• A large number of buildings are in an advanced state of degradation due to lack of maintenance,
abandonment, seismic risk, uncertain legal status, etc.
• Interventions that are not in accordance with the regulations of BPA / mutilations of historical
constructions
- Replacement of the original carpentry
- Façade changes (void size, decoration removal, etc.)
- Installation pipes, electric wires, air conditioners, TV antennas mounted on the facade
- Thermal insulation with polystyrene (with decorative degradation)
- The use of inappropriate colors and materials
- Volumetric alterations - addition of new buildings, extension of existing building
- Inappropriate functions and modes of use, etc.
• The real estate speculation determines a negative attitude of the owners in relation to the built
heritage, the price of the land being often much higher than the construction - abusive demolitions,
new real estate developments that do not comply with the BPA regulation
• in some cases – systematic destruction of built heritage

Lack of Maintenance
Abandonment
Abandonment
Abandonment
Mutilation of Built Heritage
ZP BRĂTIANU – Garajul Ciclop





Mutilation of Built Heritage / New constructions


Str. Al. Xenopol 2, Str. Gh. Manu 7, Str. N. Filipescu 28

Demolition of historical buildings

New Constructions
New Constructions
Str. Armand Calinescu 19, Bd. Dacia 111, Bd. Dacia 135
New Constructions
Str. Tudor Arghezi 8-10, Str. Vasile Conta 2, Bd. Dacia 153-155
New Constructions
Str. Coltei 8, Str. Str. Toamnei 15, Str. I. Movilă 16

ALARM SIGNALS
Alarm Signals
The "Heritage of Bucharest 2008 - 2012" Report - the Association for the
Protection and Documentation of Heritage in Romania - Pro.Do.Mo., 2012
“During 2008-2012, the deterioration of the Bucharest architectural heritage, 2,621

buildings on the historical monuments list (according to the Historical Monuments List
2010) and 98 protected built areas, accelerated. In the absence of a strategy for the
regeneration of historical areas and the preservation of valueable architecture, the
pressure exerted by the chaotic real estate development threaten the survival of historic
Bucharest.
In the last years, we have witnessed the systematic destruction of Bucharest's historical
and cultural tissue: abandoned and demolished monuments, valuable houses that have
disappeared overnight or destroyed by aggressive polistrenization and renovation, the
appearance of buildings whose volumes and aesthetics seriously affect the urban value
protected areas.
The abandonment of the city's architectural dowry in favor of the real estate speculation
and chaotic development represent the denial of its vocation as an European capital."
Alarm Signals
Resolution concerning the architectural and cultural heritage of Bucharest,

Romania - The International Committee on Historic Towns and Villages (CIVVIH) –
ICOMOS, Budapest, 21-22 September 2013:
“CIVVIH expresses his strong concern about the safeguarding of the Heritage of Historic
Bucharest City and recommends to ICOMOS to call urgently upon the Romanian
authorities to protect Bucharest architectural and cultural heritage:
‐ To stop the total and partial demolitions of listed buildings
‐ To stop the demolitions of individual elements that make up listed historic sites
‐ To stop the destruction of conservation areas by instituting protection for individual
historic buildings that contribute to the cultural and urban value of the whole, but are not
listed
‐ To work on developing local strategies for the preservation of Bucharest architectural and
cultural heritage through sustainable economic development“
Alarm Signals
World Monuments Watch, 2016
The Romanian capital is facing a crisis. A built environment of great historical, social, and
symbolic significance is threatened by abandonment and demolition of historic buildings,
uncontrolled development, and inappropriate rehabilitation.
“Bucharest is included on the 2016 World Monuments Watch to create public pressure to
improve this dramatic situation. A moratorium on demolitions and the compilation of a
comprehensive inventory, limits on the size of new development in historic areas, as well
as more public consultation and transparency are urgently needed to protect Bucharest for
the benefit of its citizens and the world community.”
Alarm Signals
THE PROTECTION OF BUILT HERITAGE

SOLUTIONS
The Protection of Built Heritage - Solutions
In Bucharest there are 98 Built Protected Areas (14% of the Bucharest area), every one of
them with its specificity and its particularities  cultural (architectural and urbanistic) identity
of the city
 Protecting the cultural heritage in BPA - mandatory!
Steps:
• Identification / inventory of Historical Built Heritage from BPA
• Evaluation of the Historical Built Heritage in BPA
• Protection and valuation of the architectural heritage in BPA
• Integration of built heritage in BPA into the urban development policies
• Management of Urban Historical Landscapes

ARCEN (Romanian Association for Culture, Education and Normality) launched in March 2017
the "Catalog Bucharest" project, an extensive action in order to collect tens of thousands of data
for the first inventory of all the buildings in the 98 historical areas of Bucharest.

What does ARCEN proposes through Catalog Bucuresti?
• A complete Database containing information and photos for the approx. 14,500 buildings
in BPA
• An interactive platform / map of the 98 BPA in Bucharest, with all the buildings marked
and accompanied by recent photographs (2017-2020) and data regarding the
construction period, the degree of protection, architecture, conservation status,
interventions, seismic risk, aesthetic impact etc
• Good Practice Guides for BPA: Tips, architectural and technical solutions
• Statistics on the most common violations of regulations, housing quality, urban

landscape, seismic risk areas etc
• Analysis and evaluation
• Proposals to improve the urban legislation regarding the cultural heritage

Results:
• Until April 2019 data have been collected for 40 BPA:

• 01-Calea Moşilor, 03-Calea Călăraşilor, 04-Brătianu, 05-Carol, 06-Elisabeta Kogălniceanu,
07-Ferdinand, 08-Hristo-Botev, 10-Calea Dorobanţi, 12-Lascăr Catargiu, 13-Dacia, 18-
Vasile Lascar, 19-Traian, 20-Batiștei, 21-Jean-Louis Calderon – Polonă, 22-Mîntuleasa, 29-
Nicolae Iorga, 30-Colței, 31-Caimatei, 32-Vasile Conta, 33-Thomas Masaryk, 34-Pitar Mos,
36-Negustori, 39-Armeneasca, 40-Icoanei, 47-Parcelarea Blanc, 50-Parcelarea Ţesătoria
Mecanică, 51-Parcelarea Edilitatea, 52-Parcelarea Societatea Generala pentru
Construirea de locuinte ieftine, 70-Parcelarea Parcul Ioanid, 98-Horei, 76-Biserica Mihai
Vodă – Sapienţei, 80-Radu Vodă, 89-Crişului, 90-Bucur, 28-Amzei, 24-Mihai Eminescu, 11
-11 Iunie, 63 - Parcelarea Inter - Filaret, 79-Dealul Mitropoliei, 17-C.A. Rosetti - Maria
Rosetti - Popa Petre
• In october 2019, data collection started for other 10 BPAs

•
http://catalogbucuresti.info
• 22 Mantuleasa
• 36 Negustori.
• 01 Calea Mosilor
• 31 Caimatei
• 03 Calea Calarasilor


(II)
SEISMIC RISK REDUCTION

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
About...
#AntiseismicDistrict
© Alex Bușcă
© Alex Bușcă
fear
F F F
MYTHS RELATED TO EARTQUAKES

“Some very
important people
used to live here…
the building is not
like the rest”
“My building’s
built on rollers –
it’s invulnerable”
“After `77, the

building was
strengthened – it’s
earthquake-proof”
“The building’s
been through 2
major earthquakes
already…
this proves it’s

strong!”
“This building was

supposed to be 12
stories high, but
they only built 7.
So it’s super
strong.”
“The earthquake will not come!”

(RO: “nu vine, dom’ne, cutremurul!”)
© Alex Bușcă / Alberto Groșescu
© Alex Bușcă

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UR EUROPE: INNOVATE FOR RESILIENCE

BUCHAREST, THE VULNERABLE CITY

Arch. RALUCA-MARIA TRIFA, ARCEN

27 - 29 NOVEMBER 2019 | BUCHAREST, ROMANIA

BUCHAREST, THE VULNERABLE CITY

PRESERVING BUCHAREST BUILT HERITAGE

A.R.C.E.N (Romanian Association for Culture, Education, Normality)

A.R.C.E.N.’s activity is divided into three directions:

• Memory of the City

• Cultural projects aimed to encourage the

ARCEN and Re:Rise (Seismic Risk Reduction Association) started

• 21 Nocturnes - nocturnal poetry

Memory of the City

• With the walking stick through

Memory of the City

BUILT PROTECTED AREAS IN BUCHAREST

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

Uranus Neighborhood Bucharest in the 70s

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

Uranus Neighborhood Bucharest in the 80s

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

People's House (The Palace of Parliament ) - Bucharest in the 90s

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

98 Built Protected Areas (BPA) /

Local Urban Planning Regulations for these BPAs approved in 2000.

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

In 2011, other 3 BPAs were revised and detailed:

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest

• The number of buildings listed as historical monuments / errors

• How many buildings are located in the BPAs?

• How many buildings have undergone irreversible interventions regarding

• How many buildings were legally or illegally demolished?

• How many of these are listed as historical monuments?

• How many buildings are currently unused?

• How many buildings have suffered structural degradation due to

• How many of these buildings are in danger of collapse?

BUILT PROTECTED AREAS IN BUCHAREST

Built Protected Areas In Bucharest – the Actual

• in some cases – systematic destruction of built heritage

Mutilation of Built Heritage

ZP BRĂTIANU – Garajul Ciclop

Mutilation of Built Heritage

Mutilation of Built Heritage

Mutilation of Built Heritage

Mutilation of Built Heritage

Mutilation of Built Heritage / New constructions

Mutilation of Built Heritage / New constructions

Mutilation of Built Heritage / New constructions

Str. Al. Xenopol 2, Str. Gh. Manu 7, Str. N. Filipescu 28

Demolition of historical buildings

Str. Coltei 8, Str. Str. Toamnei 15, Str. I. Movilă 16

“During 2008-2012, the deterioration of the Bucharest architectural heritage, 2,621

Resolution concerning the architectural and cultural heritage of Bucharest,

World Monuments Watch, 2016

THE PROTECTION OF BUILT HERITAGE

The Protection of Built Heritage - Solutions

 Protecting the cultural heritage in BPA - mandatory!

• Identification / inventory of Historical Built Heritage from BPA

• Evaluation of the Historical Built Heritage in BPA

• Protection and valuation of the architectural heritage in BPA

• Integration of built heritage in BPA into the urban development policies