THIS AGREEMENT made this———-day of ————————————— BETWEEN: ————

——————————————————————–

(Hereinafter referred to as �First party�) OF THE FIRST PART

AND
M/s.—————————————————————————————— including all its branch
offices.
(Hereinafter referred to as FRANCHISEE�)
OF THE SECOND PART

Whereas this franchise agreement is entered between the parties as the party on the First part has
developed a unique marketing plan and system (hereinafter-called the System) for the
development, opening and operating of distinctive business;

AND WHEREAS the distinguishing features of the System include, but are not limited to, unique
methods and procedures, identification schemes, products, management programs, standards,
specifications and proprietary marks and information;

AND WHEREAS by reason of a uniform business format or system and high standards of quality
and service, First party has established an excellent business reputation, created a substantial
demand for its products and services and build up valuable goodwill;

AND WHEREAS the FRANCHISEE is desirous of acquiring from First party the right and license
to operate a franchised business utilizing the business format, methods, specification, standards,
operating procedures, trade marks and upon the terms and conditions hereafter set forth.

NOW THEREFORE this Franchise Agreement witnesseth that in consideration of the mutual
covenants and agreements herein contained the parties hereto do hereby covenant and agree with
each other as follows:

1.1. The terms of this Franchise Agreement shall be for a period of———————-years
commencing with effect from —————————————-(hereinafter to be referred as the
�Effective Date�) and ending on——— (the �Term�). FIRST PARTY and the FRANCHISEE
amicably shall have the option to renew this Franchise Agreement and shall be exercisable at least
Two months prior to the expiry of the Term. In the event, this Franchise Agreement shall be
renewed on term and consideration as decided by the parties to this Franchise Agreement so as
to include the incentive and increased percentage of share of the Franchisee depending upon its
growth of the business.

1.2. Either party shall have the right to terminate this Franchise Agreement, upon providing written
notice of their intention of termination at least One month prior to termination without bearing any
liability so assigning any reason whatsoever.

2 CONSIDERATION:

In consideration of FIRST PATY granting to the FRANCHISEE a non exclusive right to operate a
Business, and a non-exclusive licence to use the System and Marks solely and exclusively in the
operation thereof for a period of �� years in accordance with the terms and conditions stated in
this Franchise Agreement, the FRANCHISEE shall pay ———————- The consideration will be
payable with effect from ————————–

3. TRAINING AND OPERATING ASSISTANCE:

3.1. The FIRST PARTY shall provide to the FRANCHISEE, prior to the opening of the Franchised
Business, for itself and other key employees designated by the FRANCHISEE, a training course
of such duration and at such location, as it may deem necessary, covering all phases of its System.
The FRANCHISEE shall be responsible for all travel and living expenses and all wages payable to
any trainees and no wages shall be payable by FIRST PARTY to any such for any service rendered
at any outlet during the course of such training. The FRANCHISEE shall also be responsible for
the cost of the training manual for any trainees. FIRST PARTY further aggress to furnish a person,
experienced in the its System, to assist the FRANCHISEE at the Premises for such period
immediately preceding or following the opening as in its sole discretion deems reasonable.
Additional start-up assistance or retraining or refresher courses may be provided by it, at its
discretion, and at a cost to the FRANCHISEE based on then current daily for the FIRST PARTY
personnel performing such assistance, plus other reasonable expenses, including all travel, meal
and accommodation expenses.

3.2. Operating Assistance:

During the term of this Franchise Agreement, FIRST PARTY shall furnish to the FRANCHISEE
such continuing advice and guidance as is from time to time reasonably required by the
FRANCHISEE in the sole judgment of FIRST PARTY with respect to the planning, opening and
operation of the Franchised Business, including consultation and advice regarding:

(a) selection, purchasing, stocking and display of Products and supplies;

(b) hiring and training of employees;

(c) formulation and implementation of advertising and promotional programs;

(d) establishment and maintenance of administrative, bookkeeping, accounting, inventory control
and general operating procedures; and

(e) Improvements to the system, including new product development; and financial advice and
consultation.

4. OPERATION OF FRANCHISED BUSINESS

4.1. The FRANCHISEE agrees to operate the Franchised Business strictly in accordance with
System, whether contained in the Manual, or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the
foregoing, the FRANCHISEE agrees as follows:

(a) to operate the Franchised Business with due diligence and efficiency in an up-to-date, quality
and reputable manner during such days, nights and hours as may be designated by the landlord;

(b) the FRANCHISEE shall ensure that at all times prompt, courteous and efficient service is
accorded to its customers. The FRANCHISEE shall in all dealings with its customers, suppliers
and the public adhere to the highest standards of honesty, integrity, fair dealings and ethical
conduct;

(c) The FRANCHISEE shall sell such Products and items and only such Products and items as
meet the uniform standards of quality and quantity, as have been expressly approved for sale in
writing and as have been prepared in accordance with its methods and techniques for product
preparation. The FRANCHISEE shall sell all approved items pursuant to a list approved and the
FRANCHISEE shall not offer for sale any other products or services from the Premises. The
FRANCHISEE shall discontinue the sale of any items or any other merchandise of any kind
whatsoever if the FIRST PARTY in sole discretion, prohibits in writing;

(d) The FRANCHISEE agrees to maintain the condition and appearance of the Franchised
Business and the equipment used therein consistent with then image, as it may be from time to
time, of franchised businesses as an attractive, modern, clean, convenient and efficiently operated
business offering high quality products served promptly and courteously. The FRANCHISEE
agrees to effect such maintenance of, and repairs to the Premises and the equipment installed
therein as in reasonably required on a regular and frequent basis and maintain such condition,
appearance;

(e) The FRANCHISEE shall not make or cause to be made any alterations to the interior or exterior
of the Premises so as to modify the appearance thereof or any alterations or replacements of any
of the leasehold improvements, fixtures or equipment at the Premises without first having obtained
the written approval. Which approval may be given or withheld in the sole discretion.

(f) The FRANCHISEE shall participate fully in all national, regional and local promotions initiated
by FIRST PARTY;

(g) The FRANCHISEE shall, upon request by FIRST PARTY, at the option, make available for a
reasonable period of time each of his staff and manager for training or retraining by at its head
office or other locality designated. Such training or retraining shall be conducted at no cost to the
FRANCHISEE, provided however, that the FRANCHISEE shall be responsible for all travel, food
and lodging costs;

(h) The FRANCHISEE shall comply with all municipal, provincial and federal laws and regulations
and shall obtain and at all times maintain any and all permits, certificates or licenses, necessary
for the proper conduct of the Franchised Business pursuant to the terms of this Agreement;

(i) The FRANCHISEE and the Guarantor shall devote their full time and attention to the
establishment, development and operation of the Franchised Business; and
Services Rendered

(1) The FRANCHISEE agrees to render services or otherwise deal in only such products, as FIRST
PARTY shall first approve of in writing, which approval may be given or withheld in the sole
discretion of FIRST PARTY.
(2) So long as the FRANCHISEE is not in default hereunder, FIRST PARTY will Endeavour to use
its reasonable best efforts to process all applications and render all services for clients referred to
FIRST PARTY by the FRANCHISEE as promptly as possible. However, FIRST PARTY will not be
liable for loss or damage due to delay in service resulting from any cause beyond its reasonable
control, including, but not limited to, compliance with any regulations, orders or instructions of any
federal, provincial or municipal government or any department or agency thereof, acts or omissions
of the FRANCHISEE, acts of civil or military authority, fires, strikes, lockouts, embargoes, and
delays in transportation. In no event shall FIRST PARTY be liable for financial loss, including
consequential or special damages on account of delay due to any cause.

System Modifications

(3) The FRANCHISEE acknowledges and agrees that FIRST PARTY may from time to time
hereafter add to, subtract from, modify or otherwise change the system, including, without
limitation, the adoption and use of new or modified trade-marks or trade names, new products or
services and new techniques in connection therewith, and the FRANCHISEE agrees, at its own
cost, to promptly accept, implement, use and display all such alterations, modifications and
changes.

Transfer of Funds

(4) The FRANCHISEE covenants and agrees to cooperate fully and comply with any System
implemented by FIRST PARTY for the transfer of funds directly from the bank account of the
FRANCHISEE to the bank account of FIRST PARTY, including the execution of any preauthorized
payment forms required by the FRANCHISEE�S bankers.

5. CONFIDENTIALITY
Non-Disclosure

(1) The FRANCHISEE agrees to maintain the confidentially of all such information during the
currency of this Franchise Agreement or at any time thereafter any information whatsoever with
respect to the FRANCHISEE�S business affairs or the System other than as may be required to
enable the FRANCHISEE to conduct its business, and the FRANCHISEE further agrees not to use
any such information in any other business or in any manner not specifically approved in writing.

6. ADVERTISING
Local Advertising

(1) The FRANCHISEE agrees to during the Initial Term and any renewal thereof;

(a) Expenses for corporate advertisements with out names of FRANCHISEE will be born by FIRST
PARTY.

(b) Expenses for corporate Advertisements with FRANCHISEE name will be borne by the
FRANCHISEE on the basis of the percentage of circulation in the newspaper in which the
advertisement is placed.

(c) The cost of the local advertising will be borne by the FRANCHISEE.

(1) The FRANCHISEE shall have the right to conduct such advertising and promotions in respect
of the Franchised Business as the FRANCHISEE shall, in its reasonable discretion desire,
provided that:
(a) the FRANCHISEE shall advertise and promote only in a manner that will reflect favourably on
FIRST PARTY, the FRANCHISEE, the Products and the good name, goodwill and reputation
thereof;

(b) the FRANCHISEE shall submit to FIRST PARTY for its approval, which approval shall not be
unreasonably and promotions to be utilized by the FRANCHISEE and until such time as FIRST
PARTY shall give its prior written approval to the use of such advertising and promotions, the
FRANCHISEE shall not utilize same in any advertising or promotion;

(c) the FRANCHISEE shall prominently display, at its expense, in and upon the Premises signs of
such nature, form, colour, number, location and size and containing such matters as FIRST PARTY
may direst or approve in writing from time to time and such signs shall be purchased from FIRST
PARTY or, at its option, from suppliers approved by it;

(d) the FRANCHISEE hereby acknowledges that FIRST PARTY is the sole and exclusive owner
of all copyrights that any and all advertising and promotional material prepared by or on behalf of
FIRST PARTY and shall at all times remain the property of FIRST PARTY; and

(e) the FRANCHISEE agrees to advertise the Franchised Business (at the FRANCHISEE�S
expense) in the white pages and classified section (yellow pages) of all local telephone directories,
using only such matters as maybe approved by FIRST PARTY. If other FRANCHISEES are served
by the same white pages or classified section, FIRST PARTY shall have the right to require group
listings therein, to make direct arrangements with the telephone company and to allocate an
equitable part of the cost thereof of the FRANCHISEE.

7. MARKS
No Permanent Interest
(1) Neither this Franchise Agreement nor the operation of the Franchised Business shall in any
way give to be deemed to give to the FRANCHISEE any interest in the Marks except for the right
to use the Marks solely at the on and the Premises and in accordance with the terms and conditions
of this Franchise Agreement. The FRANCHISEE shall not use the Marks in any manner calculated
to represent that it is the owner of the Marks. Neither during the term of this Franchise Agreement
nor at any time after expiration or termination hereof, shall the FRANCHISEE, either directly or
indirectly, dispute or contest the validity or enforceability of the Marks, attempt any registration
thereof, or attempt to dilute the value of any goodwill attaching to the Marks. Any goodwill
associated with the Marks shall ensure exclusively to the benefit of FIRST PARTY.

FRANCHISEE�S Obligations With Respect to Marks

(1) Without in any way restricting or limiting subsection 11(1) hereof, the FRANCHISEE covenants
and agrees as follows:

(a) that contemporaneously with the execution of this Franchise Agreement or forthwith upon any
request by FIRST PARTY, the FRANCHISEE will execute such agreements or other instruments
in such form and with such parties, as First party in its sole discretion shall specify, for the purpose
of protecting the interests and rights of FIRST PARTY in such Marks, or complying with any
applicable trade name, trade-mark or other similar legislation;
(b) that the FRANCHISEE will not use either the Marks or any variations thereof as any part of its
corporate, firm or business name or for any other purposes, save and except in accordance with
the terms and conditions of this Franchise Agreement or as may otherwise be specifically
authorized by FIRST PARTY in writing;

(c) that if the business, partnership or corporate statutes of any jurisdiction require that the
FRANCHISEE make application of the FRANCHISEE shall specify that the FRANCHISEE�S use
of such Marks is subject to and limited by the terms and conditions of this Franchise Agreement;
and

(d) forthwith upon the expiration or termination for any reason whatsoever of this Franchise
Agreement, the FRANCHISEE shall cease all use of the Marks (including any colorable imitations
thereof) for any purposes whatsoever and the FRANCHISEE shall not make known, either directly
or indirectly, following such expiration or termination, that the FRANCHISEE previously conducted
business under the Marks.

Affixing of Notice

(1) The FRANCHISEE hereby covenants and agrees that it will affix in a conspicuous location in
or upon the Premises, a sign containing the Following notice
�This business is owned and operated independently by (name of FRANCHISEE)
who is an authorized licensed user of the trade-mark of FIRST PARTY, which trade mark is owned
by FIRST PARTY�
Infringement or Change of Marks

(1) The FRANCHISEE shall immediately notify any infringement of or challenge to the
FRANCHISEE�S use of any of the Marks and FIRST PARTY shall have the sole have the sole
discretion to take such action as it deems appropriate.

8. RIGHT TO INSPECTION

(1) FIRST PARTY and/or its representatives shall have the rights at all times to inspect the
Premises and the furnishings, equipment and fixtures thereon and the Products, to take inventory
of such Products, and otherwise to examine the manner in which the FRANCHISEE is conducting
its business; in the event of any such inspection, the FRANCHISEE and its staff shall co-operate
fully.

9. RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS AND TRADE SECRETS

(1) The FRANCHISEE covenants and agrees that, during the term of this Franchise Agreement
and any renewal period thereof, the FRANCHISEE shall not, without prior written consent of FIRST
PARTY, either individually or in partnership or jointly or in conjunction with any person firm,
association, syndicate or corporation, as principal, agent, shareholder or in any manner
whatsoever, carry on or be engaged in or be concerned with or interested in or advise, lend money
to, guarantee the debts or obligations of or permit their names or any part thereof to be used or
employed in any business operating in competition with or similar to the Franchised Business or
franchising businesses similar to the Franchised Business.
Competition after Termination

(2) In the event of the expiration or termination of this Franchise Agreement for any reason
whatsoever, each of the FRANCHISEE shall not , without the prior written consent of FIRST
PARTY , at any time during the period of five (5) years from the date of such expiration or
termination either individually or in partnership or jointly or in conjunction with any person or
persons , firm , association , syndicate , company or syndication as principal , agent , shareholder
or in any other manner whatsoever carry on, be engaged in or be concerned with or interested in
or advise , lend money to , guarantee the debts or obligations of or permit its name or any part
thereof to be used or employed by any person or persons , firm , associations, syndicate , company
or corporation engaged in or concerned with or interested in any business competitive with or
similar to the Franchised Business or Franchising Business similar to the Franchised Business
within the territory or anywhere else.

Acknowledgement of Corporate FRANCHISEE

(3) In the event the FRANCHISEE is a corporation, the FRANCHISEE covenants and agrees to
deliver to FIRST PARTY at any time FIRST PARTY may request, the written acknowledgement of
such directors, officers, shareholders or employees of the FRANCHISEE, as FIRST PARTY shall
in its discretion determine, acknowledging that they have reviewed the provisions of this Article 10
and that they agree to abide by and be bound by all such provisions.

10. SALE, ASSIGNMENT, TRANSFER

The FRANCHISEE shall not sell, assign or transfer this grant and/or the rights and interest under
this Agreement.

11. TERMINATION

Events of Termination

FIRST PARTY shall have the right to terminate this Franchise Agreement and the rights granted
without prejudice to the enforcement of any other legal right or remedy, immediately upon giving
written notice of such termination upon the happening of any of the following events:

(a) if in FIRST PARTIES opinion , acting reasonably , the FRANCHISEE�S participation in FIRST
PARTY�S initial training program hereof discloses the FRANCHISEE�S or the
FRANCHISEE�S key employees� inability to adequately manage and operate the business. In
the event of such termination, FIRST PARTY shall refund to the FRANCHISEE, within seven (7)
days after the effective date of termination, all money received by it from the FRANCHISEE, less
reasonable costs including without limitations costs for expenses reasonably incurred by it in
connection with the granting of this Franchise, the negotiation and execution of this Franchise
Agreement and any premises and any other lease negotiations;

(b) if default shall be made in the due and punctual payment of any amount payable under this
Franchise Agreement, when and as same shall become due and payable, and such default shall
continue for a period of two (2) days after written notice thereof has been given to the
FRANCHISEE;
(c) if the FRANCHISEE shall breach any other of the terms or conditions of this Franchise
Agreement or any other agreement or undertaking entered into and the FRANCHISEE and such
breach shall continue for a period of ten (10) days after written notice thereof has been given to
the FRANCHISEE;

(d) if the FRANCHISEE shall fail to observe or perform any of the rules , bulletins directives or
other notices set forth in the Manual and any such failure to observe or perform same shall continue
for a period of ten (10) days after notice thereof has been given to the FRANCHISEE;

(e) if the FRANCHISEE fails to conduct business in, at or from the premises for a period of five (5)
consecutive business days without the prior written consent of FIRST PARTY or if the premises
are used by any party other than such as are properly entitled to use same;

(f) if the FRANCHISEE ceases or threatens to cease to carry on business , or takes or threatens
to take any action to liquidate its assets , or stops making payments in the usual course of business;

(g) if the FRANCHISEE makes or purports to make a general assignment for the benefit of
creditors;

(h) if the FRANCHISEE makes or purports to make a bulk sale of their assets;

(i) if FRANCHISEE shall institute any proceeding under any statute or otherwise relating to
insolvency or bankruptcy , or should any proceeding under any such statute or otherwise be
instituted against the FRANCHISEE;

(j) if the custodian , receiver , manager or any other person with like powers shall be appointed to
take charge of all or any part of the FRANCHISEE�S undertaking, business , property or assets;

(j) if any lessor or encumbrancer or any other person, corporation or entity lawfully entitled, shall
take possession of any of the undertaking, business, property or assets of either the
FRANCHISEE;

(k) if the FRANCHISEE shall commit or suffer any default under any contract of conditional sale,
mortgage or other security instrument;

(l) if a distress or execution against any of the undertaking, business, property or assets of either
the FRANCHISEE shall not be discharged, varied or stayed within twenty (20) days after the entry
thereof or within such time period as action must be taken in order to discharge, vary or stay the
distress or execution , whichever shall be the earlier;

(m) if final judgment for the payment of money in any amount in excess of Rs.—————————
– shall be rendered by any court of competent jurisdiction against either the FRANCHISEE and
such judgment shall not be discharged, varied or execution thereof stayed within twenty (20) days
after entry thereof or within such time period as action must be taken in order to discharge, vary or
stay the execution of the judgment, whichever shall be the earlier;

(n) if the FRANCHISEE or any agent or representative of the FRANCHISEE:-

(i) fails to submit any report required to be furnished to FIRST PARTY pursuant hereto within three
(3) days of the date such report is due or,

(ii) understates Gross Sales by more than three (3%) percent on such report; or

(iii) if the FRANCHISEE materially distorts any other material information, pertaining to the
Franchised Business, or fails to maintain its records in a manner which permits a determination of
Gross Sales, unless the FRANCHISEE proves to the satisfaction of FIRST PARTY that it had no
knowledge of such distortion.

(iv) If the franchise fails to generate adequate business as per the targets fixed by FIRST PARTY
for 3 months: and,

(a) upon the death or incapacitation of the FRANCHISEE.

Effect of Termination

Upon the expiration or termination of this Franchise Agreement for any reason whatsoever, the
following shall apply:

(a) the FRANCHISEE shall, immediately upon request permit FIRST PARTY�S representative to
enter the premises and, at its option, to cure any default by the FRANCHISEE, to operate the
Franchised Business for account or to secure the FRANCHISEE�S complete and timely
compliance with the other obligations set forth in this section;

(b) the FRANCHISEE shall pay to FIRST PARTY, within seven (7) days after the effective date of
termination or expiration, all royalties, advertising fees and other charges then due and unpaid by
the FRANCHISEE including, but not limited to FIRST PARTY�S costs and expenses in re-
entering the Premises and in completing the acts specified in this section;

(c) the FRANCHISEE shall immediately discontinue the operation of the Franchised Business,
system and the use of the Marks and other proprietary rights licensed under this Agreement, and
similar names and marks, or any other designations or marks associating the FRANCHISEE with
system. The FRANCHISEE shall cease displaying and using all signs, stationery, letterheads,
packaging, forms, marks, manuals, bulletins, instruction sheets, printed matter, advertising and
other physical objects used from time to time in connection with the its system or containing or
bearing any of the marks and other names, marks or designation, and shall not thereafter operate
or do business under any name or in nay manner in violation of subsection 11(2) above or that
might tend to give the general public the impression that it is associated with FIRST PARTY or that
it is operating a business similar to the business or that it previously conducted its business under
the Marks;

(d) if the FRANCHISEE retains possession of the Premises, the FRANCHISEE shall promptly and,
at its expense, make such modifications to the interior and / or exterior d�cor of the Premises
shall require to remove all identification as its business;

(e) the FRANCHISEE shall promptly execute such documents or take such actions as may be
necessary to abandon the FRANCHISEE�S use of any fictitious business name containing any
of the proprietary marks adopted by the FRANCHISEE and to remove (in respect to the next
publication), at its request, the FRANCHISEE�S listing as a FRANCHISEE from the yellow pages,
all other telephone directories and all other trade or business directories and to assign (if the
business if the FRANCHISEE is being continued by FIRS PARTY or its nominee) to FIRST PARTY
or any other party designated by him all of the FRANCHISEE�S telephone numbers and listings
in connection with the Franchised Business; and

(f) within seven (7) days after the effective date of expiration or termination, the FRANCHISEE
shall return to FIRST PARTY all copies of the manual, all other confidential material provided to
the FRANCHISEE by FIRST PARTY and all other materials required to be returned in accordance
with this Franchise Agreement or the Manual.

Survival of Covenants

(1) Notwithstanding the expiration or termination of this Franchise Agreement for any reason
whatsoever, all covenants and agreements to be performed and/or observed by the FRANCHISEE
and/or the Guarantor under this Franchise Agreement or which by their nature survive the
expiration or termination of this Franchise Agreement shall survive any such expiration or
termination.

Failure to act not to affect rights

(2) the failure of FIRST PARTY to exercise any rights or remedies to which it is entitled upon the
happening of any of any of the events hereof, shall not be deemed to be a waiver of or otherwise
affect, impair or prevent FIRST PARTY from exercising any rights or remedies to which it may be
entitled, arising either from the happening of any such event, or as a result of the subsequent
happening of the same or any other event or events provided for above. The acceptance by FIRST
PARTY of any amount payable by or for the account of the FRANCHISEE under this Franchise
Agreement after the happening of any event provided for above, shall not be deemed to be a
waiver by FIRST PARTY of any rights and remedies to which it may be entitled, regardless of
FIRST PARTY�S knowledge of the happening of such preceding event at the time of acceptance
of such payment. No waiver of the happening of any event shall be deemed to be waived unless
such waiver shall be in writing.

12. NOTICE
Any notice required to be served upon the FRANCHISEE shall be sufficiently served and given if
delivered by Registered AD Post or delivered personally, at the address first given above, duly
acknowledged by the FRANCHISEE. Any notice that may be required to be served upon FIRST
PARTY shall be sufficiently served and given if delivered by Registered AD Post or delivered
personally at the address first given above and duly acknowledged by THE FIRST PARTY.

13. FORCE MAJEURE

In the event that any party hereto is delayed or hindered in the performance of any act required
herein by reason of strike, lock-outs, labour troubles, inability to procure materials, failure of power,
restrictive governmental laws or regulations, riots, insurrection, war or other reasons of a like
nature not the fault of such party, then performance of such act shall be excused for the period of
the delay and the period for performance of such act shall be extended for the period equivalent
to the period of such delay, up to a maximum of three(3) months. The provisions of this section
shall not operate to excuse the FRANCHISEE from the prompt payment of any fee or other
payment due to FIRST PARTY pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.

14. JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS

All disputes arising under or out of this Franchise Agreement or in any way connected with this
Franchise Agreement shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of ————————–.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have this first day of ———————- caused their respective
seals to be affixed on this Agreement.

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED

For For
FIRST PARTY SECOND PARTY

(Authorized Signatory) (Authorized Signatory)

IN PRESENCE OF

1.

2.