OP AMP AS ADDER AND SUBTRACTOR:

Definition:

The adder can be obtained by using either non-inverting mode or differential

amplifier. Here the inverting mode is used. So the inputs are applied through
resistors to the inverting terminal and non-inverting terminal is grounded. This
is called “virtual ground”, i.e. the voltage at that terminal is zero. The gain of
this summing amplifier is 1, any scale factor can be used for the inputs by
selecting proper external resistor.

The subtractor circuit, input signals can be scaled to the desired values by
selecting appropriate values for the resistors. When this is done, the circuit is
referred to as scaling amplifier. However in this circuit all external resistors are
equal in value. So the gain of amplifier is equal to one.

Rational Amplifier, or op-amp for short, is fundamentally a voltage

amplifying device designed to be used with external feedback components such
as resistors and capacitors between its output and input terminals.

Some examples of the most basic kinds are: inverting amplifier, non-
inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, schmitt trigger, comparator,
differential amplifier, integrator, etc. The other meaning of this question is,
how many kinds of op-amp components as a building block are there.
Circuits for Adder and Subtractor:

The Voltage Adder The Adder, also called a summing amplifier, produces an
inverted output voltage which is proportional to the sum of the input voltages
V1 and V2. More inputs can be summed. If the input resistors are equal in value
(R1 = R2 = R) then the summed output voltage is as given and the gain is +1.
Op-amp stands for operational amplifier. ... Originally, op-amps were
so named because they were used to model the basic mathematical operations
of addition, subtraction, integration, differentiation, etc. in electronic analog
computers. In this sense a true operational amplifier is an ideal circuit element.
We use Op Amps because having a tremendous amount of gain and differential
inputs makes it -so- much simpler to design many types of circuits. The insane
amounts of gain mean that the circuit can use massive amounts of negative
feedback, making unparalleled linearity and bandwidth possible.
The op summarize, the characteristics of an ideal op-amp are as follows:
Infinite bandwidth due to the ideal gain inside of the op-amp. Infinite open-
loop gain A. Infinite or zero common-mode gain. Input impedance of an infinite
value.