P

ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF

T
hermalpe
rformancedepe
ndstoagr
eat
e
xte
ntonthes ha
peoftheroof
,i
ts Asi
mpleandeffecves
olu oni
nhot
-humidc
li
mat
es
c
onst
rucona ndthemater
ial
suse
d. i
saflatroofs
hade
dbyanalumi
ni
ums c
ree
n.

T
hefir stprerequi
sit
eisahi ghlyreflecv e Asl
opingroofwit
hwa ll
sha di
ngover
hangsanda
s
urface,tominimisethea mountofs olar wel
l-
venl ateds
pacebe t
we enroofa
ndceil
i
ngisal
so
e
ne r
gya bsorbed.Poli
shedme ta
lsheets anappropr
iates
olu on,provi
dedthatt
heceil
i
ng
a
ndlight-col
ouredfinishesa rethemos t bel
owt heroofi
smassive.
ommont
c ec
hnologica
l s
olu ons .More
t
echnological
lyadvanced,so-cal
led“cool Theflatroofinpr
acc ali
suse
dinthear
easwi
ths
hel
-
r
oofs”area l
soa v
ail
ableinthema rk
et. domr ai
ns,
it
’sal
soagoodreflect
orandal
so
radi
ate
sha es
tefficie
nc y
.
DomedandVaul
tedroofatl
eastpartof
ther
oofi
sal
wa y
sshaded,ex
ceptat
noonwhent
hes uni
sdire
ctl
yov er
he a
d.

Duetother
ma ls
traficaon, a
llthehot T
heperfor
ma nceoftheflatremovedcanbe
ai
rwithi
nbuil
di
ngswithcur
vedr oof
s i
mprovedbyseperangc ei
li
ngandroofwit
hvenl
aed
gat
hersi
nthespaceundert
heroof , c
avi
ty,
thema te
rial
forroofs
houldbeli
ghtwhe
rea
s
hencecr
eangamor ecomf
ortable c
eil
i
ngshouldbema ssi
ve.
fe
eli
ngatfloorle
vel.
Alumi
niumfoi
lbet
weenthecaviesi
srec
ommende
d
Domedandvaul
tedroofsal
soi
ncr
ea s
ethespe
edofthea
irflowingover f
orimprovi
ngther
oof
’sperf
ormance
,asi
npi
tc
hed
the
irc
urv
edsurf
acesduetotheBernoul
li
effect
,maki
ngcool
ingwindsmor
e roof
s.
effecveatr
educi
ngt hete
mperat
ureofsuchr
oofs
.
T
her
oofi
natropi
cal
cli
mat
eshoul
dbe
,asf
ara
spos
sibl
e,r
efle
cve
,ins
ula
ted
a
ndv
enlate
d.

I
nhot-a
ridcl
imaczonest
heroofshoul
dalsobemas
sive
;inhothumi
dzone
s,
howe
v er
,its
houl
dbeli
ght
we i
ght.
Bothins
ulaonandthermalmassc
anbe
movedtothecei
l
ing
,wit
hsimil
arres
ult
s.

I
nthehi
ghl
andsr
oofv
enlaonma ynotbene
ces
sar
y,buti
nsul
aoni
sne
ces
sar
y
a
ndsometherma
lmassi
she
lpf
ul.

S
our
ce:
Book
-Sus
tai
nabl
ebui
l
dingsf
ort
ropi
cal
cli
mat
es

E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
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Raj
kot -
Pr
ap Ra
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siaB-
5415
P
ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF
DOUBL
ELE
AFROOF
Thehe atbetweenthet wos ki
nsisre- T
hemos teffecver
ooft
ypeforal
lEAC
movedbyt heai
rflowc rossi
ngther oof c
li
ma t
ezonesi
savenla
teddoubl
e
s
pa c
et hroughopeningsfacingtheprevai
l- s
kin.
i
ngwi nds.Theoutletopeningshouldbe
l
argerthant heopeningfortheinle
t .
They Theouterski
nshadestheinnerl
ayer
s
houlda lsobeplacedatdiffe r
enthe i
ghts andabsorbssol
arheatacc
ordingt
oits
i
norde rtoobtainai
rmov ementbyt he refle
cv it
y,whichshoul
dbea shig
has
s
tacke ffectwhe nt
hewi ndi snotblowing. poss
ibl
e.
Thehe a
tloa
di sr
educedbyvenlaoni
n Ve nlaonoft hes pa c
ebe t
weent he
thedaymea ndrapi
dcool
ingi
sal
l
owedat roofandt heceil
i
ngi sess
ena lforc om-
night
. fort
,asshowni ntablebelowwhe ret he
temper a
turedifferencebetweenindoor
airandtheunde rsi
deofthec e
il
ingi s
S
INGL
ELE
AFROOF
givenforvari
ouscombi naons,int he
absenceofv enlaon.
T
hesi
ngl
ele
afroofs
houldbemadeofli
ght
wei
ghtmat
eri
al
swit
hlowt
her
malca
paci
-
t
yandhi
ghrefle
cv i
ty.
Me t
all
i
candl
ight
col
our
edsur
fac
eshav
ethebe
str
efle
cv i
ty
.
Orde
rofmagni
tudeoftemper
aturedi
ffere
ncesbet
we encei
l
ingunde
rsi
de
andi
ndoora
irf
ordiffer
entcombinaonsofli
ght
-weig
htroof
s,att
he me
P
ain ngt
hesurfa
cei
nli
ghtcol
our
s,e.
g.acoatofwhi
tewasha
ppl
i
ed
ofma xi
mums ol
arirr
adi
aononc le
arda y
.
y
earl
y,i
sane
c onomi
cal
me t
hodofinc
reas
ingrefle
cv i
ty.

Reg
ardl
e s
softhetypeofmat
eri
aluse
d,al
umi ni
um,cementorga
lva
nize
ds heet
metal
,thetemperat
uredi
ffer
encebetweentheunder
sideoft
hesheetandtheindoor
ai
rwil
lbe,inthehothour
sofacl
earday
,about35°C19.

Togi
v eanideaoftheimpactonther
ma l
comfort,i
tcanbeesma t
edthat–f ora
per
sonl yi
ngdown–a ninc
reas
eof1° Coftheundersi
deofthesheethasthes ame
effectasanincr
easeof0.3-
0.5°Cinai
rtemperat
ure.Thus,
thelowerlay
e rofthe
si
ngl
el e
afroofshoul
dbehe ati
nsulang.Forthes
ere a
sons,asi
ngl
eleafconstrucon
wit
houtinsul
aonwi l
lnotsasfycomfor
trequir
eme nt
s.

T
hemostsui
tablemater
ial
fortheupperroofl
ayerisal
umi
ni
ums hee ng.Howev
er,
t
hisma
ter
ial
ha ssomedrawbacks,
suchastheg l
arefr
omdazz
li
ngsunl
ightand
t
henoi
sef
romr ain,
windorothermateri
alsst
ri
kingit
.

E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
PSA,
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kot Pr
ap Ra
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5415
P
ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF

I
nduc
edv
ent
Il
atI
on:
cha
nne
ll
Inga
irflow
I
NDUCE
DVE
NTI
LAT
IONROOF

I
nduc
edv
enl
aonc
anbev
erye
f-
f
ecveinhota
ndhumidcl
i
ma t
esa
s
wel
lasi
nhotanddr
ycl
imat
es.

Venlaonc anbeinducedinthree
ways
.Onewa yi
nvolveshe angair
i
narestri
ctedareathroughsol
arra-
di
aon, thuscreangat emper
atur
e
di
fferenceandcausinga i
rmove-
ments
, a
sins ol
archimneys.

T
hedraug
htcaus
e shotai
rtor
is
eande
sca
peout
door
s,dr
awi
ngi
ncool
era
ira
nd
t
her
ebycaus
ingcooli
ng.

I
nduc
edvent
Il
atI
on:r
oo op Ve
nturiP
ass
iveVe
nlatorwi
th
a
irve
ntI
lat
or Thesec
ondwa
yexpl
oit
swi
ndve
loc
it
y,e
itherbyc
hanne
ll
ingtheai
rflowins
ideor
Adj
ust
ableL
ouv
ers bycr
eangadepr
ess
ionwi
thar
otangde v
icemove
dbywi ndtoe
x t
rac
tai
r
f
romt
hebui
l
ding.

T
hethir
dwayexpl
oi
tstheVe
nt ur
ieffe
cta
sdepi
ct
edinfigur
e,wher
eai
rise
x-
t
rac
tedfr
omthebui
ldi
ngbecauseoft
hel
owpres
sur
ecre
a t
edbyt
hewi
ndon
t
opofasha .

I
nwi
ndya
rea
sitc
oul
dbea
neffe
cvea
lte
rnav
etowi
ndc
atc
her
s.

E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
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kot Pr
ap Ra
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5415
P
ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF ROOFPOND
DI
ODEROOF I
nthi
ssys
temasha
ll
owwa t
erpondisprov
ide
doverhi
ghl
yconducv
efla tr
oof
wi
thfixe
ds i
det
her
mali
nsul
aon. Thetopther
mal
insul
aonismovabl
e.
Thedi
oder
oofel
i
minat
est
hewa t
erl
ossbye
vapor
aona
ndr
educ
eshe
atg
ainwi
th-
outt
henee
dformova
blei
nsul
aon.
T
hepondi scove
r e
dindayhourst
oprev
enthe
angofpondfromsol
arradi
a-
on.Theuseofroofpondc
anlowerr
oomtemper
atur
ebyabout20deg
reeCel-
I
tisapi
pesys
tem,consi
sngofac
orr
ugat
eds
heetmet
alr
oofonwhic
ha r
eplac
e d
s
ius.
pol
yet
hyl
enebagsc
oatedwi
thwhi
tetani
umoxi
deea
chcont
aini
ngala
yerofpeb-
bl
eswe edwithwat
er.
Whil
ek e
epingthepondope ndur
ingni
ghtthewateri
scool
edbynoct
uralcool-
i
ng.Thecoveredpondduringt
hedayprovi
descool
ingduetothee
ffectofnoc -
Theroofl
ose
sheatbylongwav
ehe atr
adi
aontothes
kyandbytheeva
por
aonof
t
urnal
lycoole
dwa terpondandonothersi
dethethermali
nsul
aoncutsofft he
waterwhi
chcondens
esontheins
idesur
fac
eoft
hebag
sanddropsba
ckont
othe
s
olarra
diaonf romt her
oof.
pebble
s.
T
hesyst
emc a
nbeus
edf
orhe
angdur
ingt
hewi
nte
rbyope
rangt
hes
yst
em
Bytheme a
ns,iti
spos
sibl
etoc
ool
ther
ooft
o4de
gre
eCe
lsi
usbe
lowt
hemi
ni
uma
ir
j
ustr
ever
se.
te
mpe r
ature.

E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
PSA,
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kot Pr
ap Ra
kha
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5415
P
ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF
GRE
ENROOFCONCE
PT
CONVE
NTI
ONALROOFI
NSUL
ATI
ONPRACT
ICE
S
Theg r
eenroofmodera t
esthe
I
nIndiaRoofI
nsul
aonwit
hc onv
en onal
ma t
eri
al
sli
keFoamConcr
ete,MudFas
ka, heatflowt hr
oughther oof
Br
ickBAtCobahasbe
enpraccsedsi
nceage
s.Howevert
hesepr
oduct
sarequi
te syst
ema ndhe l
psi
nre duci
ng
hea
v yandadddeadl
oadt
otheroofsl
ab. thetemperat
urefluctuaons
duetoc ha
ngingouts
idee nvi
-
More
overthet
her
ma l
conducvi
tyv
aluei
nve
ryhi
ghwhi
chr
esul
tsi
ntohi
ghe
rthi
ck- ronment.
ne
ssappl
ic
aonwithoutmuchbe
nefit

T
he s
epr
oduc
tsha
vet
het
ende
ncyt
ode
vel
opc
rac
ksa
nda
sar
esul
twa
tera
bsor
p-
on. I
fwi
del
yused,g
ree
nroofsca
na l
soreduc
ethepr
obl
emofurba
nheati
sl
and
whi
chwoul
dfur
therr
educetheene
rgycons
ump oni
nurba
na r
eas
.
E
NERGYE
FFI
CIE
NTROOFI
NSUL
ATI
ON
US
EOFHI
GHRE
FLE
CTI
VEMAT
ERI
ALONROOFT
OP
Dependi
ngoncli
maccondions
,properr
oofi
nsul
aoni
sre
qui
red.I
nahotreg
ion,
ther
oofshoul
dther
oofs
houl
dhaveenoughi
nsul
angpr
operestomini
miz
eheat Ag oode xampl eofhi ghSRI (sol
arre-
gai
n. fle ct
a nceinde x)istheus eofbr oken
chinamos ai
ca ndli
g htcolour edles
Acov
erofdec
idouspl
antsorcr
e eper
sc a
nbepr ovi
ded.Enr er
oofcanal
sobecov- asrooffini sh, whichr eflec t
she atoff
er
edwit
hinve
rtedeart
henpots.
Itisal
soa ni
nsula
tedcoverofslla
irov
erroof thes ur f
acebe causeofhi g hsolarre
-
s
hadi
ngdevi
ce.Thi
scanbemount edclosetot
her oofi
nthedayandcanberol
led fle cv ityandi nfr
a r
e de mia nce,
t
opermi
tradi
av ecool
ingatni
ght. whi c
hpr eventshe atga i
na ndt hus
he l
pinr educ i
ngt hec oolingload
E
ffecv
eroofi
nsul
aonc
anbepr
ovi
dedbyus
ingt
hev
armi
cul
i
tec
onc
ret
e. fromt hebuildingenv elope .

US
EOFHI
GHE
RAL
BEDOMAT
ERI
ALS
/COOLROOF
Roofsprov
idedwit
hhig
hrefle
cv ec
oangsremai
nsc
ool
ert
hant
hos
ewi
thl
ow
refle
c t
ancesurf
ace
sandar
eknownasc
ool
roofs
.

Coolr
oofscanreducethebui
l
dinghe
atg
aina
ndc
ans
avet
hes
umme
rmea
ir
condioningex
pe ndi
ture
s.

Thes
epa i
ntsa
rehig
hlyefficient
,ener
gy-
savi
ng,flex
iblec
oangs
,madefr
om
waterba
sedpureacr
yli
cres
insyst
emfill
edwithvaccumeds
odi
umboros
il
ic
ate
cer
amicspher
esofl
esstha
n100mi cr
onsinsi
ze.
E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
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ap Ra
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ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF

OVE
RDE
CKI
NSUL
ATI
ON
I
nthi
ssys
tem,athermalbarr
ierori
n-
s
ulaonisprov
idedovertheRCC,so
t
hatt
heheatofthesunisnotall
owed
t
oreac
htheRCCs l
aboftheroofatal
l.

I
nt hiswa y
,wec anpreservetheRCC Poly
urethanefoam Perl
it
einsulaon
fromg e nghe atedup, oncetheRCC sla
b
i
she atedupt herei
snoot herwa yfor
thehe attoescapeothersideofthe Alloft
hepreforme dins
ulaonma t
eria
lsar
ema t
eria
lsma def
rompetr
ole
um
buil
ding. andna t
uralgasoreit
herv ol
cani
cgl
ass,woodfibresbondedwitha
sphalc
binder
s.
Over
deckIns
ulaonma ter
ial
shoul
dhav
ea de
qua tecompr e
s s
ionresis
tance,l
ow
wat
erabsorp on,
res
ist
ancetohi
ghambie
nttempe ratureandlowt hermalconduc- Theseinsul
aonma t
eri
alshavel
owt hermal
conducv i
ty,l
owsmokeemiss
ion
v
ity
. andlowwa terabsorp on.

Ov
erde
ckI
nsul
aona
ppl
i
caonsa
rec
arr
iedoutbye
ithe
r-
2.
IN-
SIT
UAPPL
ICAT
ION
1.
Pref
ormedi
nsul
aonma
ter
ial
s
2.
In-
si
tuAppl
i
caon

1.
PRE
FORME
DINS
ULAT
IONMAT
ERI
AL

S
pra
yappl
i
edP
oly
ure
tha
nei
sappl
i
eddi
rec
tl
yov
ert
her
oofbys
pra
ying.

Theseaml
essandmonol
it
hicna
tureofspr
ayf
oamprovi
desaful
lpr
oofmethod
ofseal
i
ngcr
a c
ksandr
enderi
nganysurf
acemoi
st
urere
sis
tanc
eanddroug
ht
E
xpa
nde
dpol
yst
yre
nes
lab E
xtr
ude
dpol
yst
yre
nes
lab proof
.

E
nvi
ronme
nta
lSc
ienc
eandS
erv
ice
s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
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P
ASS
IVECOOL
INGS
YST
EMT
HROUGHROOF(CAS
EST
UDY)
AT
RADI
TI
ONALHOUS
EINMADURAIHAVI
NGMADRAST
ERRACEROOF
ING MODE
RNHOUS
EWIT
HBRI
CKWALL,S
TONECL
ADDINGANDF
ILL
ERS
LAB
SYS
TEM WI
THTE
RRACOT
APOTSASFI
LLE
RS

Thethe
rmali
nsul
aonint
radionalhouse
sinMadur
aii
sac
hie
ve dbyt
hee
ffecv
e
useofmat
eri
al
sandt
hete
chnique
sus edi
nthec
onst
ruconofroof
. T
hisisc
onsider
edast
ypi
cal
ofc
ont
empor
aryde
sig
nhous
ebe
ingbui
l
tina
llr
e-
g
ionsofsouthI
ndi
a.
Highdens i
tyandhighs tr
engthclaybri
cks,madet ospec
ial
thinsi
zemeasur
ing25mm
x75mmx150mm, areus edinMa dr
asterraci
ng.Proper
lymixedandmatur
edlime Roofr ecei
vesthema xi
mumi nt
ensi
tyofheatandcouple
dwi t
hlowt her
malr
esi
s-
mor t
arisusedforbondi ngthefla tlesthatareplacedatanangl
eof45degreesto tanceofferedbyroofelementr
esult
sinmaximumhe atgai
nthroughthi
sel
e-
thewa l
l,ordi
a g
ona ll
ya cr
osstheroomwi dth.Theseter
rac
el es,pl
ace
dont heedge,mentandi
sa shi
gha s26%ofthetotal
heatgai
nedintothebuil
ding
.
ensuredtensi
lestrength.Thereae r
,athree-i
nchthickl
ayerofbr
okenbri
cksorbri
ck
batswouldbel ai
dwhe renearl
yha l
fthevolumewoul dbema deupofli
memor ta
r, P a
intt
hemi xt
ureofli
mea ndwateronthesurf
aceoftheter
race.
thr
e epartsbr
ick,onepa rtgrave
landonepa r
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esult
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T
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5415
P
ASS
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YST
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HROUGHROOF(CAS
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S
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MODE
RNHOUS
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Thev aul
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Sincetheheatgai
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di
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educeds
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E
nvi
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nta
lSc
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erv
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s-VI P
ass
ivec
ool
i
ngs
yst
emt
hroug
hRoof I
PSA,
Raj
kot Pr
ap Ra
kha
siaB-
5415