Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Cassava is a major source of carbohydrates in human diet, being processed into

Garri, Fatal and typical as a constituent for human food. Recently other areas of uses of
cassava arebeing implored. It is also being used as starch. The crop tolerance makes it
more popular and now replacing yam in some part of Naval, Biliran. The sweet varieties
could be boiled for human consumption. The tubers of cassava cannot be stored longer
after harvest before decaying, and so processing follows immediately after harvesting.
Cassava processing leading t size reduction includes peeling, grating dehydrating,
milling and sieving. A typical cassava processing plant should therefore consist of units
produced to achieve all the stages or steps mentioned above.

Cassava provides the livelihood for over 30 million farmers and countless
Processors and traders. Cassava performs five main roles: famine reserve crop,
Rural food staple, cash crop for urban consumption, industrial raw material, and
Foreign exchange earner. Naval, Biliran poised to diversify the use of cassava as a
primary industrial raw material in addition to it’s the role as livestock feed and the rapid
adoption of improved cassava varieties and the development of small-scale processing
technologies. It supplies about 70% of the daily calorie of over 50million people and
about 500million people in the world. Some cassava varieties show high resistance to
drought and mosaic disease, high yield, even in agro ecological conditions where other
starch bearing crops do not thrive. The prevailing climate change, the threatening global
warming and the expected negative impact on the yield of less hardy crops highlight
further advantages of cassava as the crop of the century. Traditionally, cassava was
cultivated by farmer at subsistence levels as the “poor man’s food”.

Cassava could be transformed into two principal products, flour and gari from
new and traditional varieties, the new varieties give higher yields only when harvested
early where as traditional varieties could be stored in the ground and harvested as
needed for home consumption. Mechanization allows farmers to process large
quantities quickly before they spoil. People in the less developed countries of the world
like Naval, Biliran depend largely on these food products. And the processing in all
cases requires the removal of water, which is about 70% of any giving tuber.
Dewatering in cassava processing requires engineering attention like any other stages,
to make cassava processing more lucrative and competitive all critical stages must be
made simple, the most critical processes in cassava processing towards flour
production is the juice extraction in that it influences greatly the cost of drying.
Dewatering is a pre-drying alternative this operation is mainly carried out manually
under rural conditions. This is not only tasking and ineffective, but also time consuming.
The aim of this paper is therefore to present the result of efforts made in producing a
device that is used in granting. The transformation of cassava tubers into pulp form is
called grating.
 Chapter II
Theoretical Background

INPUT

Gather
Design Concept/ Information
Principle

PROCESS

Finalization

Analyzing of Design
the Cassava
Grater

OUTPUT

Fabricating
the Design

Testing the
Machine

OPERATION