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RHEY B. BAGUIO
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
DEDICATION v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
CHAPTER
Introduction 1
Hypothesis 6
Definition of Terms 8
Research Design 10
Experimental Procedure 12
Statistical Treatment 13
References 21
Appendices 22
Curriculum Vitae 24
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude, and
deepest regard to those individuals and personalities who are part of this
success.
To our dean Engr. Joel C. Lobrino, for his guidance and trust towards this
thesis.
immeasurable love.
Almighty God, for giving us the knowledge and wisdom and for
DEDICATION
Abstract
There are lots of admixtures that are observed and tested to have
found after burning sugarcane bagasse which itself established after the
extraction of its juices. The purposed and aimed of this study is to differentiate
the compressive strength of a cylindrical concrete with and without the presence
of the sugarcane bagasse ash. This study will help the future researchers and
The concrete samples, in part, are provided with 25 grams, 50 grams, and
concrete was determined after having a test. It was observed that the
compressive strength of the concrete when mixed with sugarcane bagasse ash
relied on how much ash was added to it and how it was built. The test result
indicated that incorporating 100 grams of ash helped the concrete raised its
strength while 25 and 50 grams of bagasse ash does not provide higher
experimental samples.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Page
1 Controlled Sample 12
2 Experimental Sample 13
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
4. Computations of Differences 17
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment
challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social
Technological advances continued during the first half of the 20th century,
that open dumping and improper incineration of solid waste were causing
were developed to replace the practice of open dumping and to reduce the
reliance on waste incineration. In many countries waste was divided into two
developed for their disposal. Landfills were designed and operated in a manner
that minimized risks to public health and the environment. New refuse
incinerators were designed to recover heat energy from the waste and were
provided with extensive air pollution control devices to satisfy stringent standards
2
countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the
source rather than incineration and land disposal. The researchers used a
material such as concrete because it could be made into almost any shape and it
was the most widely used building material. It was created by mixing aggregate
investigated. Bagasse ash from a sugar factory was ground using a ball mill until
the particles retained on a No. 325 sieve were less than 5wt%. They were then
used as a replacement for Type I Portland cement at 10, 20, and 30wt% of
binder. The water to binder (W/B) ratio and binder content of the concrete were
held constant at 0.50 and 350 kg/m3, respectively. The results showed that, at
the age of 28 days, the concrete samples containing 10–30% ground bagasse
ash by weight of binder had greater compressive strengths than the control
concrete (concrete without ground bagasse ash), while the water permeability
was lower than the control concrete. Concrete containing 20% ground bagasse
ash had the highest compressive strength at 113% of the control concrete. The
bagasse ash was increased. For the heat evolution, the maximum temperature
rise of concrete containing ground bagasse ash was lower than the control
concrete. It was also found that the maximum temperature rise of the concrete
3
was reduced 13, 23, and 33% as compared with the control concrete when the
cement was replaced by ground bagasse ash at 10, 20, and 30wt% of binder,
respectively. The results indicate that ground bagasse ash can be used as a
and reduced water permeability with respect to the control concrete, (Chusilp,
associated with waste management. Agro wastes such as rice husk ash, wheat
straw ash, hazel nutshell and sugarcane bagasse ash are used as pozzolanic
materials for the development of blended cements. Few studies have been
reported on the use of bagasse ash (BA) as partial cement replacement material
This paper presents the use of bagasse ash (BA) as a pozzolanic material
replaced with finely ground bagasse ash. The concrete mixtures, in part, are
compressive strength, the porosity, the coefficient of water absorption, the rapid
chloride penetration and the chloride diffusion of concretes are determined. The
produced concretes with good strength and low porosity. Reasonably, the
test, water sorptivity test, DIN water permeability test and Torrent air permeability
test. The results from this study show that use of sugarcane bagasse ash in
were observed for bagasse ash blended concrete compared to control concrete,
in existing literature. In all previous studies, raw bagasse ash was ground to
cement fineness and directly used in the concrete for the performance
five different methods in this study. The methods used were rapid chloride
penetration test (RCPT), chloride conductivity test, water sorptivity test, and
Torrent air permeability test. The results from this study show that use of SCBA
Santhanam, 2014).
gravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM monographs show the rough surface with
plenty of fine pores. XRF, XRD, and physicochemical properties of the SBA
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thermal stability till 650°C. On the suitability of principal raw material, SBA–quarry
dust (QD)–lime (L) bricks were developed with a constant composition of lime
(20% by weight) and tested for physicomechanical (weight, dry density, water
like clay and fly ash bricks. The experimental results showed that the SBA-QD-L
has lower k value, and meets the necessary physicomechanical properties of the
Hypothesis
The findings of this study tend to the benefit of the society considering that
the concrete plays a vital role in building constructions that most people
nowadays are dealing with. It has provided advantages to the researchers and
and the study also supplied advantages to myriad people for it helped solve the
bagasse, collect the ash and use it as an admixture in making concrete. The
Definition of Terms
which results when two different materials are combined without occurrence of
recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined
clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct
buildings.
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bagasse ash.
coarse aggregate bonded together with fluid cement that hardens over time.
factories found after burning sugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the
Chapter 2
of the procedures.
Research Design
manipulated one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other
variables. This study illustrated of how sugarcane can become useful by using it
with sugarcane bagasse ash and to test its compressive strength in comparison
Prepare 2 kilograms Prepare 3.25 kilograms Mix the cement and the
of cement. of sand and gravel sand with 0.5 L of water
Put the finished concrete to a Pour the concrete mixture into the mold
safe area for curing process. (PVC pipe), and stir or vibrate the mold
so that the concrete gets settled in the
mold and reaches the extreme corners.
Mix the cement, sand, Pour the concrete mixture in to Put the experimental
gravel, and the the mold, and stir or vibrate sample to a safe area
sugarcane bagasse the mold so that the concrete for curing process.
ash. gets settled in the mold and
reaches the extreme corners.
13
Statistical Treatment
statistical examination; a t-test with two samples is commonly used with small
sample sizes, testing the difference between the samples when the variances of
two normal distributions are not known. This statistical tool will be used by the
samples.
Table 1
through 4. This test is validated by the EFB Geostrukt, INC. On the first sample
test, without any added sugarcane bagasse, it is revealed that the standard
compressive strength is 2209 psi. Upon adding 25g sugarcane bagasse to the
mixture as the 2nd sample, the compressive strength of the concrete has
decreased to 1898 psi. On the 3rd sample, we added 50g sugarcane bagasse
ash to the mixture; this diminished the compressive strength of the concrete by
14
343 psi. However, the experiment changed at the 4 th sample. When the mixture
has been added with 100g sugarcane bagasse ash, the compressive strength
has increased to 2333 psi. This results a positive difference of 124 psi.
Table 2
The table 2 has been acquired using t-test. The t-value and p-value are
computed using statistical software called Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS). As presented, the computed p-value is .001 which is less than
the computed t-value. Thus, we have to reject the null hypothesis. This evidently
mixture is added with sugarcane bagasse either small or large amount of it, it will
Chapter 3
This chapter presents the results and gathered data which have been
manner.
Table 1
Result of the Compressive Strength Test
Sample Age Load Strength
(day/s) (Kn) (psi)
Table 1 shows the data of the compressive strength test result for
concrete block with approximately 8.0 inch in length and 4.0 inch in
Table 2
Table 2 shows the data of the compressive strength test result in which it
was found that the compressive strength of each concrete block when added
Table 3
Computation of Differences
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
recommendations.
Summary
sugarcane bagasse ash has a difference with the controlled concrete. After
conducting a test, the researchers have acquired the idea that utilization of
amount of ash that must be added to a concrete to help raise its strength. It was
proven and tested that there is a significant difference between the controlled
Findings
Based on the results of the study, the following findings are forwarded:
1. The data of the compressive test result states that the controlled cylindrical
pressure of 2209 psi. The experimental sample with 25 grams of bagasse ash
of 1898 psi, the experimental sample with 50 grams of bagasse ash can load
psi, and the experimental sample with 100 grams of sugarcane bagasse ash
19
psi. The result implies that the strength of each experimental samples will
the 100 grams ash provided. Consequently, there should be an exact amount
Conclusions
concrete relying to the different strength it possesses. The study states that there
should be an exact and great amount of ash that should be added to the
1. Cylindrical concrete with sugarcane bagasse ash admixtures proved that the
amount of admixture.
20
bagasse ash and with sugarcane bagasse ash has a significant difference
Recommendations
In the clarity of the outcomes and conclusions portrayed by the study, the
waste problems.
3. Future researchers must consider time management for the drying and curing
4. The future researchers must think and consider the environment in making the
concrete.
concrete for it aids the concrete to raise its strength as long as the admixture
REFERENCES
Bahurudeen, A., Kanraj, D., Dev, V. G., & Santhanam, M. (2015). Performance
Ganesan, K., Rajagopal, K., & Thangavel, K. (2007). Evaluation of bagasse ash
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Data
Educational Data
Affiliation:
PICE (Philippines Institute of Civil Engineers)
Philosophy in Life:
“You must learn to fail to succeed.”
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Data
Educational Data
Affiliation:
IIEE (Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines)
Philosophy in Life:
“Just do it.”
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Data
Educational Data
Affiliation:
PICE (Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers)
Philosophy in Life:
“Believing in yourself is the first secret to success.”
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Data
Educational Data
Affiliation:
PICE (Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers)
Philosophy in Life
“Too much laugh, is too much pain”
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Data
Educational Data
Affiliation:
PICE (Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers)
Philosophy in Life:
“Nothing is impossible; the word itself says I’m possible”