Non-modifiable risk factors: Modifiable risk factors:

 Age(40 y/o and above)  Chronic gastritis

 Sex (male)  Gastric polyps
 Diet (smoked foods)
 Smoking

Exposure to
Damage to DNA
carcinogens
Weakened immune
system
Mutation of cells Mutation of
into cancer cells protooncogenes
Activation of and tumor
cancer cells suppressor genes
Exposure of
mutated cells to
promoters Growth of cancer
Formation of
cells
oncogenes and
Further growth of diasability of
cancer cells tumor suppressor
genes

Production of
cancer cells

Formation of
cancer cell colony

Formation of new
Metastasis Cancer cells blood vessels
to will join the towards cancer
different blood stream cells (angiogenesis)
parts of
the body
The body will supply
Blood supply more blood to the
cancer cells

Anemia
 Further
nourishment to
the cancer cells

Further growth of
cancer cells

Disruption of cell Metastasis to

membrane nearby organs

Stress to the Formation of

Exposure of Pain
stomach ulcer to gastric
nerve endings
mucosa

Gastric function
Bleeding will Blood supply
occur
Indigestion
Anemia
Blood will go to
the stool
Oxygen and
Lymphatic system will
(+) FOBT nutrients supply
drain excess fluids
to the body

Cancer cells will

Fatigue
join

Metastasis Appetite
to
different
parts of Imbalanced
the body nutrition