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Absorber-01 Id en
Absorber-01 Id en
absorbent composition
Component kg / hr BM kmol / h X (mol fraction)
H₂O 2229.2634 18 123.8480 1.0000
L, L2 G2, Gs Information :
X2, x2 Y2, y2 Gs: insoluble gas rate (kmol / h)
Gs: total gas rate (kmol / h)
Ls: absorbent flow rate (kmol / h)
L: total flow rate (kmol / h)
Y: the mole ratio of solute in the gas phase
y: solue mole fraction in the gas phase
X: the mole ratio of solute in the liquid phase
x: molsolute fraction in the gas phase
Subscript 1: below the tower
L1, Ls G1, Gs Subscript 2: tower
X1, x1 Y1, y1
Balance components:
L * x + G1 * y1 = L1 * x1 + G * y .................. .. (2)
x y1 x1 y
Ls G1. L1.1 x1 Gs 1 y .......... .......... ...( 5)
1 x 1 y1
1. Calculate Z (Top Dimensions Absorber)
Tr = T / Tc
Pr = P / Pc
B.P
c Pr
Z 1 Pers. 3-61, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 101)
R.T
c Tr
1
BPc
B 0 B 1 Pers. 3-63, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)
RTc
0,422
B o 0,083
Tr 1,6
0,422
B o 0,083 Pers. 3-65, Smith & Van Ness, ed.7, p. 102)
Tr 1,6
Low part :
Inlet flow rate (G) = 25357.2030 kg / hr
= 55912.6326 lb / hr
The flow rate of the product ( 5454.3052 kg / hr
= 12026.74297 lb / hr
1
L ρG 2
Feed Absorber
Component bmi Mass mol yi yi.BMi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778 2.4896
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082 22.6295
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119 3.3584
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021 0.0350
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000 28.5124
PM
Determine the density of the gas inlet, G
(ZRT)
Where : P = operating pressure = 145.0380 psia
M = molecular weight of the mixture = 28.5124 lb / lbmol
R = ideal gas constant = 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = the operating temperature = 762 oR
Z= 1.0023
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
Determine the density of the product out, ρL
ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T= 423 K
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc ρL Kg / hr
H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13 0.838518343 1761.8375
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35 0.893101468 420.4867
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520 1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T= 423 K
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D LOQ μ μ
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 -0.73847355 0.1826107976
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754 -1.27269653 0.0533707705
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06 -0.52139003 0.3010301306
So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h
1
L 2
ρG
0.0202928076
G ρL ρG
By using 18.6 ( Mc. Cabe & Smith, Ed. 7, p. 572) can be determined the gas flow rate
cross section for abscissa = 0.020353132 by taking price ΔP = 0.8 in H2O / (f packing ), Obtained
price ordinate = 0.1
Type packing that will be used is the type of Raschig rings2 in. From Table 18.1 (Mc. Cabe & Smith,
ed. 7, p. 568) for the typeRaschig rings 2 in, the price obtained Packing Factor = 70
So it can be put into the following formula:
(G') 2 Fμ 0,1
= ordinate
ρG (ρL ρG )gc
Where : G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour
F = factor packing
μ = Viscosity formaldeid, lb / f h
ρG = Density of the incoming gas, lb / ft 3
ρL = Mass of products out, lb / ft3
gc = Acceleration due to gravity, ft / hr2
F= 70
μ= 0.5174 lb / f h
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
ρL = 57.1985 lb / f3
gc = 32.2 f / s2 = 417312000 f / hr2
ordinate = 0.1
(G ')2 = 18216365.364
G '= 4268.0634 lb / f2 hour
conditions sebenarya floading = 60%
G '= G 'x% floading
= 2560.8381 lb / f2 hour
G 4A
1
2
A D
G' π
Where : A = flow area gas, f2
G = the flow rate of the inlet gas absorber, lb / hr
G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour
D = diameter of the absorber, f
G= 55912.6 lb / hr
G '= 2560.8381 lb / f2 hour
π= 3.14
A= 21.8337 f2
D= 5.2739 f = 1.6075 m
Top :
The flow rate out (G) = 22133.3 kg / hr
48803.9 lb / hr
Absorbent flow rate (L) = 2229.3 kg / hr
4915.5 lb / hr
PM
Determine the density of the gas out, G
(ZRT)
MWhere : P = operating pressure
M = molecular weight of the mixture
T )
R = ideal gas constant, 10.73 psia f3 / Lbmol R
T = operating temperature
P= 145.0380 psia
M= 28.2499 lb / lbmol
Z= 1.0022
R= 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = T product 762 oR
ρG = 0.5000 lb / f3
So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h
1
L 2
ρG
0.0208557736
G ρL ρG
By using 18.6 ( Mc. Cabe & Smith, Ed. 7, p. 572) can be determined the gas flow rate
cross section for abscissa = 0.04093943 with mengambilharga ΔP = 0.8 in H2O / (f packing ), Obtained
price ordinate = 0.2
Type packing that will be used is the type of Raschig rings2 in. From Table 18.1 (Mc. Cabe & Smith,
ed. 7, p. 568) for the typeRaschig rings 2 in, the price obtained Packing Factor = 70
So it can be put into the following formula:
(G' ) 2 Fμ 0,1
= ordinate
ρ G (ρ L ρ G )g c
b. Counting partspacking
1 which is hydrated (fa)
L' 4
fa 0 , 24 (Eq. 9-11, Ludwig, Vol. 2, p. 176)
G'
L
L'
A
Where : L = below the product flow rate, lb / hr
A = flow area gas, f2
L= 12026.7 lb / hr
A= 21.8337 f2
L '= 550.8333 lb / f2 hour
G
G'
A
Where : G = the flow rate of the inlet gas absorber, lb / hr
A = flow area gas, f2
G= 25357.2 lb / hr
A= 13.5371 f2
G '= 1873.1705 lb / f2 hour
fa = 0.1767
c. calculate kgA
0,56
D V(dicari)
k g A( dicari ) k g A( diketahui ) ( Ludwig, 1979)
D
V(diketahui)
0,0069xT 3/2 (1/M A 1/M B ) 0,5
DV
P(VA1/3 VB1/3 ) 0,5
Where : DV = Coefficient of gas diffusion, f2 / hour
T0 = The inlet temperature absorber, oR
T1 = Temperature out absorber, oR
P1.0 = Total pressure, atm
MA, MB = Molecular weight of A and B
VA, VB = Molecular volume (Table 9:33, Ludwig, Vol. 2, hal.189)
tc pc Tr pr w
NO2 431.35 101.33 0.9806421699 0.098687457 0.849
HNO3 520 68.9 0.8134615385 0.145137881 0.714
Tr pr
2.7364 0.2009
3.3545 0.2985
2.3480 0.1562
0.9805 0.1000
1.0428 0.0898
10.4623 0.8456
B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0778
0.0277 1.0025 0.8102
0.0538 1.0036 0.1123
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0020
0.7958 1.0023
B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0311
0.0277 1.0025 0.9197
0.0538 1.0036 0.0460
-0.3929 0.9599 0.0032
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0023
0.9878 1.0022
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
B₀ B₁ B Pc / R Tc Z₁
-0.3524071404 -0.047717092 -0.39291895 0.9604583882
-0.5041826478 -0.27036711 -0.69722476 0.8756010947
1. Determine the diameter Tower
ρg 0.50000621 lb / f3 8.016485 kg / m3
ρl 57.1985039 lb / f3 917.0506 kg / m3
G 55912.6326 lb / hr 7.051204 kg / s
L 12026.743 lb / hr 1.516706 kg / s
0.2
1 Treybal. Eq.6.30
C F log 1
L ρG 2
0.02
G ρ L
0.0744(t ) 0.01173
0.0304(t ) 0.015
α= 0.0489
β= 0.0302
cf = 0.09458718
Vf = 2.8628064 m / s
An
At
1 8,8%
An
At
1 8,8%
at = 0.42111672 m2
1
4A 2
D t
π
= 0.73243049 m
taken, D = 1m Current
at = 0.7875 m2 Current
W= 0.7 m
A d 0 , 088 A t
Ad = 0.0693 m2
A a A t 2 . A d 0 . 222
aa = 0.4269 m2
q/W= 0.00236271 m3 / ms
2. Determine the weir crest (h1) and the weir height (hw)
h1 / D = 0.025
W/D= 0.7
D/W= 1.42857143
2
D D 2h D
2 0 .5
Weff
2 2
1 1 Treybal. Eq. 6:34
W W W
D W
(Weff / W) ^ 2 = 0.84915452
(Weff / W) = 0.92149581
2 2
q 3 W 3
h1 / D = 0.01118776
D/W= 1.42857143
(Weff / W) ^ 2 = 0.93375653
(Weff / W) = 0.96631078
h1 = 0.01154761 m
hw = 50 mm = 0.05 m
A0 0.1275 Aa
A0 = 0.05442975 m2
Vₒ = Q / Aₒ
Vₒ = 16.1600592 m / s
μG = 0.00003334 kg / ms
l= 0.0025
dₒ = 0.002
Cₒ = 1.03085835 7771.258
f= 0.008
g= 9.807 m2 / s
2hD g L A0 4.l. f A0
2
C0 0.401.25 1
V0 G
2
An d An
0
2hD g L
1.2575968
V0 G
2
hd = 0.14636993 m
Va = Q / Aa
Va = 2.06040755 m / s
z=D+W/2
z= 0.85 m
q= 0.0016539 m3 / s
hl = 0.02468764 m
hR = 0.01334295 m
Hg = 0.18440052 m
W/D= 0.7
weir = 0.3296 D
= 0.3296 m
Z = 2 (weir)
= 0.6592 m
ABSORBER
absorbent composition
Component kg / hr BM kmol / h X (mol fraction)
H₂O 2229.2634 18 123.8480 1.0000
L, L2 G2, Gs Information :
X2, x2 Y2, y2 Gs: insoluble gas rate (kmol / h)
Gs: total gas rate (kmol / h)
Ls: absorbent flow rate (kmol / h)
L: total flow rate (kmol / h)
Y: the mole ratio of solute in the gas phase
y: solue mole fraction in the gas phase
X: the mole ratio of solute in the liquid phase
x: molsolute fraction in the liquid phase
Subscript 1: below the tower
L1, Ls G1, Gs Subscript 2: tower
X1, x1 Y1, y1
Balance components:
L * x + G1 * y1 = L1 * x1 + G * y .................. .. (2)
x y1 x1 y
Ls G1. L1.1 x1 Gs 1 y .......... .......... ...( 5)
1 x 1 y1
1. Calculate Z (Top Dimensions Absorber)
Tr = T / Tc
Pr = P / Pc
B.P
c P r
Z 1 Pers. 3-61, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 101)
R.T
c Tr
1
BPc
B 0 B 1 Pers. 3-63, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)
RTc
0,422
B o 0,083
Tr 1,6
0,422
B o 0,083 Pers. 3-65, Smith & Van Ness, ed.7, p. 102)
Tr 1,6
Low part :
Inlet flow rate (G) = 25357.2030 kg / hr
= 55912.6326 lb / hr
The flow rate of the product (L) = 5454.3052 kg / hr
= 12026.74297 lb / hr
1
L ρG 2
Feed Absorber
Component bmi Mass mol yi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000
PM
Determine the density of the gas inlet, G
(ZRT)
Where : P = operating pressure = 145.0380
M = molecular weight of the mixture = 28.5124
R = ideal gas constant = 10.73
T = the operating temperature = 762 oR
Z= 1.0023
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
Determine the density of the product out, ρL
ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T=
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc
H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520
so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T=
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06
So mL = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h
Top :
The flow rate out (G) = 22133.3 kg / hr
48803.9 lb / hr
Absorbent flow rate (L) = 2229.3 kg / hr
4915.5 lb / hr
PM
Determine the density of the gas out, G
(ZRT)
MWhere : P = operating pressure
M = molecular weight of the mixture
RT )
R = ideal gas constant, 10.73 psia f3 / Lbmol R
T = operating temperature
P= 145.0380 psia
M= 28.2499 lb / lbmol
Z= 1.0022
R= 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = T product = 762 oR
ρG = 0.5000 lb / f3
so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T=
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06
So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h
Wall Thickness: 3
Cf : 155
CD : 301
ε: 0.73
specific surface area (ap): 190 m2 / m3
58 f2 / f3
m: 34.42
number of baffles (n): 0
p: 0.552
diameter (ds) : 0.0356 m
Table 6.3 Treyball, in disposable packing kinds of ceramic Raschig ring 25 mm (1 inch), Cf =
so:
= 0.061
used pressure drop of gas = 250
= 65.5367
= 65847.6301
G² = 6.2476
G' = 2.4995 kg / m2.dtk
1. Determine the diameter Absorber, Dt
Tower cross sectional area, A
= 2.8180 m2
= 30.3326663492 f2
Tower diameter, Dt
= 1.8947 m 5.6840343188
= 74.5936 in
= 0.4303 L '=
L=
= 0.0140
= 0.0147
so:
= 0.0007
with:
Voltage advance, = 0.040 N/m
viscosity liquid, = 0.000183 kg / m.dtk
then:
H= 6.9502 m
= 0.0052 m3 / m3
= 0.00792 m3 / m3
= 0.01311 m3 / m3
b. interfacial area
Table 6.4 Treyball, for Raschig ring 25 mm (1 inch) in the can:
m= 34.42
L '= 0.2197 kg / m2.dtk
p= 0.552
n=0
= 0.0000
= 14.9125 m2 / m3
= 103.6441 m2 / m3
e lo e j lt 0.71689
G
H tG 0.0185
FG a
y2 yi
N tg ln 0.1500
y1 y i
4. Calculate Fraction of total packing area, fa
1
L' 4 L '= kg / m2.jam
fa 0 , 24
G' G '= kg / m2.jam
fa = 0.1306852
5. Calculate your gas overall mass transfer coefficient, KGA
By using the value fa, It will obtain the value of Kga of the image 9-44D, Ludwig,
KGA = 0.78 lbmol / hr.ft3.ATM Branen, Rule of thumb for Chem.Eng, 102
0.3539 kmol / hr.ft3.ATM
0.28 0.5
G P
KG a K G a
L Pt
n
Z 14.2469 f= 4.3425 m
K g a. A.plm. f a
Distribution on top that allowed = 1 f
Redistribution of the mid-point, 1 ft 0 f
Total height of packing,
Total high packing = Z + Distribution Top + Redistribution midpoint
= 15.2469 f
= 4.6473 m
Total Packing support 1
each packing high support 2 in
total height of the packing support 2 in
0.1666666667 f
Room high above the fluid distributor 4f
High space under packing 4f
High self-support 7f
high-absorber 30.4136 f
9.2701 m
diameter Absorber 1.8947 m
ble gas rate (kmol / h)
gas rate (kmol / h)
bent flow rate (kmol / h)
ow rate (kmol / h)
le ratio of solute in the gas phase
mole fraction in the gas phase
le ratio of solute in the liquid phase
ute fraction in the liquid phase
1: below the tower
........ ...( 5)
yi.BMi
2.4896
22.6295
3.3584
0.0350
28.5124
Zc ω
0.2880 0.022
0.2920 0.040
0.2500 0.585
0.2330 0.849
0.2770 0.252
1.3400 1.748
Bo B1
-0.0013 0.1365
0.0221 0.1379
-0.0247 0.1342
-0.3116 -0.0053
Bo B1
-0.0013 0.1365
0.0221 0.1379
-0.0247 0.1342
-0.3524 -0.0477
-0.3116 -0.0053
yi.BMi
2.4896
22.6295
3.3584
0.0350
28.5124
psia
lb / lbmol
psia f3 / lbmol oR
423 K
ρL Kg / hr
0.8385183425 1761.8375
0.8931014685 420.4867
1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
423 K
LOQ μ μ
-0.7384735465 0.1826107976
-1.2726965276 0.0533707705
-0.521390033 0.3010301306
Yi.Bmi
0.9955242499
25.6869630282
1.3756893623
0.1520315068
0.0397287558
28.249936903
423 K
ρL Kg / hr
0.8385183425 1761.8375
0.8931014685 420.4867
1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
423 K
LOQ μ μ
-0.7384735465 0.1826107976
-1.2726965276 0.0533707705
-0.521390033 0.3010301306
0.6192398333 kg / s
0.0007384929 m3 / s
7.0436675 kg / s
0.8714321944 m3 / s
155
0.2197446725 kg / m2.s
0.0122080374 kmol / m2.s
0.0011341638 kmol / f2.s
0.0001405214 m2 / s
2.4995 kg / m2.dtk
0.0877 kmol / m2.dtk
0.0081442999 kmol / f2.dtk
or Chem.Eng, 102
2.490889E+02 Pa
tc pc Tr pr w
NO2 431.35 101.33 0.9806421699 0.098687457 0.849
HNO3 520 68.9 0.8134615385 0.145137881 0.714
Tr pr
2.7364 0.2009
3.3545 0.2985
2.3480 0.1562
0.9805 0.1000
1.0428 0.0898
10.4623 0.8456
B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0778
0.0277 1.0025 0.8102
0.0538 1.0036 0.1123
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0020
0.7958 1.0023
B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0311
0.0277 1.0025 0.9197
0.0538 1.0036 0.0460
-0.3929 0.9599 0.0032
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0023
0.9878 1.0022
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
52.347001055 lb / f3
1.3639643906 lb / s
0.5045967919 lb / f3
15.514686123 lb / s
5.2099380579 lb / f2.s
B₀ B₁ B Pc / R Tc Z₁
-0.3524071404 -0.047717092 -0.39291895 0.9604583882
-0.5041826478 -0.27036711 -0.69722476 0.8756010947
Component A B C μ, micropoise Yi μ.Yi
O₂ 44.224 0.562 -0.000113 261.731023 0.0778 20.36289
N₂ 42.606 0.475 -0.0000988 225.8528148 0.8082 182.533
NO 39.921 0.537 -0.000124 244.884804 0.1119 27.41379
NH₃ -7.874 0.367 -0.00000447 146.56718737 0.0021 0.301755
Total 879.03582917 1.0000 230.6115
So g = 230.6114831 μp
2.306115E-05 kg / ms
T= 150 C = 423 K
P= 10 ATM