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Dr.vijay
VIROLOGY OF INFLUENZA
Spherical
Enveloped ,
Segmented
Negative Sense
8 SINGLE Straded
RNA Virus
TAXONOMY
Anitgenic Drift
Mutation That Take Place Within The Genome
Chills 99 37%
Myalgias 96 36%
Rhinorrhea 96 36%
Headache 83 31%
Vomiting 78 29%
Wheezing 64 24%
Diarrhea 64 24%
v bronchoalveolar lavage,
v tracheal aspirates,
•
Have the patient open his/her mouth
wide open.
•
Sample should be collected from
back of the throat near the tonsils.
Nasal / Nasopharyngeal Swab
Insert dry swab into nostril and back to
nasopharynx
Leave in place for a few seconds. Slowly remove
swab while slightly rotating it.
Use a different swab for the other nostril. Put
tip of
swab into vial containing VTM
Source: CDC
ANTIVIRAL PROTECTION
DRUG INTERACTIONS:
Co administration of oseltamivir and probenecid resulted in reduced clearance of
Oseltamivir carboxylate by approximately 50% and a corresponding approximate two-fold
increase In the plasma levels of oseltamivir carboxylate
PREGNANT WOMEN
Oseltamivir, zanamivir, rimantadine, and
amantadine are “Pregnancy Category C” few
adverse events have been reported occasionally in
pregnant women who took these medications, no
causal relation between the use of these medications
and these adverse events has been established . In
addition, fever can cause adverse fetal outcomes, and
reducing fever, whether directly by using antipyretics,
or indirectly by reducing the duration and severity of
symptoms with antiviral medications, might reduce
this risk
. One retrospective cohort study found no evidence of
an association between oseltamivir use during
pregnancy and a variety of adverse events, including
preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes,
PREVENTION
Recent studies* by CDC researchers and other experts
indicate that flu vaccine reduces the risk of doctor visits due
to flu by approximately 60% among the overall population
when the vaccine viruses are like the ones spreading in the
community.
Live Attenuated (Human) Influenza Vaccine
NASOVAC-S, Influenza Vaccine, (Human), freeze dried is a live
trivalent vaccine for administration by intranasal spray
COMPOSITION
[Propagated in Embryonated hen eggs]
Each vial of single dose (0.5 ml) contains:
A(H1N1) Strain –
CONTRAINDIACTED IN:
Children younger than 2 years & Adults 50 years and older
People with a history of severe allergic reaction to any
component of the vaccine or to a previous dose of any
influenza vaccine
People who are allergic to eggs
Children or adolescents (2 years through 17 years of age) on
STORAGE
2 - 8ºC (35-46ºF)
ARDS
Myositis
Cardiac involvement
Reye’s syndrome
N95 masks and the H1N1 virus.
N95 masks do
not
provide complet
e protection,
Why The Flu Virus Is More Infectious In
Cold Winter
At winter temperatures, Temperatures
the virus's outer covering, or
envelope, hardens to a rubbery gel that could shield the
virus as it passes from person to person, the researchers
have found. At warmer temperatures, however, the
protective gel melts to a liquid phase. But this liquid
phase apparently isn't tough enough to protect the virus
against the elements, and so the virus loses its ability to
spread from person to person.
OTHER REASONS
During the winter, people spend more time indoors with the
windows sealed, so they are more likely to breathe the same air
as someone who has the flu and thus contract the virus .
Days are shorter during the winter, and lack of sunlight leads
to low levels of vitamin D and melatonin, both of which
require sunlight for their generation. This compromises our
immune systems, which in turn decreases ability to fight the
virus .
The influenza virus may survive better in colder, drier
climates, and therefore be able to infect more people .
Cold temperatures lead to drier air, which may dehydrate
mucous membrane preventing the body from effectively
defending against respiratory virus infections.
Survival of Influenza Virus Surfaces and
Affect of Humidity & Temperature*
Hard non-porous surfaces 24-48 hours
Plastic, stainless steel
Swine flu virus affects only the respiratory The bird flu virus affects all systems of
system. human body
The main symptoms of swine influenza Bird flu patients suffer from eye
are vomiting and diarrhea. Apart from infections, pneumonia, and other
cough, fever, sore throat severe problems.
Where as swine flu is transmitted from Bird flu is transmitted by direct contact
direct contact with pigs, waste matter with birds, their excretory products
contaminated by infected people contaminated by infected people.
Pregnant women, persons with chronic Small children and rural workers are
medical conditions are most vulnerable soft target to get infected from bird flu.
target for swine influenza,
Wear Glouses
Appropriate Disinfectants
70 % Ethanol
5 % Lysol
10 % Bleach
Hand Washing
Wet hands with clean (not hot)
water
Apply soap
Rub hands together for at least
20 seconds
Rinse with clean water
Dry with disposable towel or
air dry
Use towel to turn off faucet
Good Health Habits Can Help
Stop flu