Level 1 week 17 1

QURAN

SURATUL BAYINNAH

VERSES 1 - 5

ُ‫ب َو ْال ُم ْش ِركِينَ ُمنفَكِينَ َحتَّى ت َأْتِيَ ُه ُم ْالبَيِ َنة‬

ِ ‫مِن أ َ ْه ِل ْال ِكت َا‬
ْ ‫لَ ْم يَ ُك ِن الَّذِينَ َكف َُروا‬

َ ‫َو َما تَف ََّرقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا ْال ِكت‬

ُ‫َاب إِ ََّّل مِ ن بَ ْع ِد َما َجاءتْ ُه ُم ْالبَيِنَة‬ ٌ‫فِي َها ُكتُبٌ قَيِ َمة‬ ُ ‫َّللا يَتْلُو‬
َ ‫ص ُحفًا ُّم‬
ً ‫ط َّه َرة‬ ِ َّ َ‫سو ٌل ِمن‬
ُ ‫َر‬

َ‫ِإ َّن الَّذِين‬ ‫الزكَاة َ َو َذلِكَ ِدينُ ْالقَ ِي َم ِة‬ َّ ‫ِصينَ لَهُ الدِينَ ُحنَفَاء َويُقِي ُموا ال‬
َّ ‫ص ََلة َ َويُؤْ تُوا‬ َ َّ ‫َو َما أُمِ ُروا ِإ ََّّل ِليَ ْعبُدُوا‬
ِ ‫َّللا ُم ْخل‬

‫ت‬
ِ ‫صا ِل َحا‬ َ ‫ِإ َّن الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا َو‬
َّ ‫عمِ لُوا ال‬ ‫َار َج َهنَّ َم خَا ِلدِينَ فِي َها أ ُ ْولَئِكَ ُه ْم ش َُّر ْال َب ِر َّي ِة‬
ِ ‫ب َو ْال ُم ْش ِركِينَ فِي ن‬
ِ ‫َكف َُروا مِ ْن أ َ ْه ِل ْال ِكت َا‬

‫ع ْن ُه ْم َو َرضُوا‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬
َّ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ار خَا ِلدِينَ فِي َها أَبَدًا َّر‬
َ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫عد ٍْن تَجْ ِري مِ ن تَحْ تِ َها ْاْل َ ْن َه‬
َ ُ‫َجزَ ا ُؤ ُه ْم عِن َد َربِ ِه ْم َجنَّات‬ ‫أ ُ ْولَئِكَ ُه ْم َخي ُْر ْالبَ ِريَّ ِة‬

َ ‫ع ْنهُ ذَلِكَ ِل َم ْن َخش‬

ُ ‫ِي َربَّه‬ َ
Those who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters could not have left off
(erring) till the clear proof came unto them, (1) A messenger from Allah, reading purified pages
(2) Containing correct scriptures. (3) Nor were the People of the Scripture divided until after the
clear proof came unto them. (4) And they are ordered naught else than to serve Allah, keeping
religion pure for Him, as men by nature upright, and to establish worship and to pay the poor-
due. That is true religion. (5) Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and
the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of created beings. (6) (And) lo! those
who believe and do good works are the best of created beings. (7) Their reward is with their
Lord: Gardens of Eden underneath which rivers flow, wherein they dwell forever. Allah hath
pleasure in them and they have pleasure in Him. This is (in store) for him who feareth his Lord.
(8)

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

1. For the student to be able to define the four realities established by the surah
2. For the student to be able to explain the objective behind sending the messenger
3. For the student to have clarity on the causes of ideological differences between the
people of the book
4. For the student to have clarity on the importance of religion
5. For the student to be able to classify people in accordance with their level of acceptance
of the message and the end of each one of them

This surah has definite number of verses in the Qur'an. In most traditions, it is said to be a
Medina surah, though there are other traditions which classified it as a Makkan surah. The surah
affirms a number of realities, on history and belief which support the views that says it is a
Madinah surah.
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The first reality is that the raising of the messenger is necessitated by the need to change the
unbelievers from among the people of the book and the idolaters from their misguidance and
differences established among them. This is because they will not change without the raising of
the prophet: (( ً ‫ط َّه َرة‬ ُ ‫َّللاِ يَتْلُو‬
َ ‫ص ُحفًا ُّم‬ ُ ‫ب َو ْال ُم ْش ِركِينَ ُمنفَكِينَ َحتَّى ت َأْتِيَ ُه ُم ْالبَيِنَةُ َر‬
َّ َ‫سو ٌل ِمن‬ ِ ‫لَ ْم يَ ُك ِن الَّذِينَ َكف َُروا مِ ْن أ َ ْه ِل ْال ِكت َا‬
ٌ‫( ))فِي َها ُكتُبٌ قَيِ َمة‬Those who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters could
not have left off (erring) till the clear proof came unto them, (1) A messenger from Allah,
reading purified pages (2) Containing correct scriptures.)

The second reality: that the people of the book did not disagree in their religion due to
ignorance or ambiguity in it, rather they disagree after the knowledge and clarity of the message
َ ‫( )) َو َما تَف ََّرقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا ْال ِكت‬Nor were the People of the
has come to them (( ُ‫َاب إِ ََّّل مِ ن بَ ْع ِد َما َجاءتْ ُه ُم ْالبَيِنَة‬
Scripture divided until after the clear proof came unto them.).

The third reality: that religion in its single source and its simple and clear principles does not call
to division and differences by itself and by its simple nature (( َ‫ِصينَ لَه ُ الدِين‬ ِ ‫َّللاَ ُم ْخل‬ ُ ُ ‫َو َما أ‬
َّ ‫مِروا إِ ََّّل ِليَ ْعبُدُوا‬
‫الزكَاة َ َوذَلِكَ ِدينُ ْالقَ ِي َم ِة‬
َّ ‫ص ََلة َ َويُؤْ تُوا‬
َّ ‫( )) ُحنَفَاء َويُقِي ُموا ال‬And they are ordered naught else than to serve
Allah, keeping religion pure for Him, as men by nature upright, and to establish worship and to
pay the poor-due. That is true religion.).

The fourth reality: is that those that disbelieves after the message came to them, they are the
worst of creatures; and those that believed and do righteous deeds are the best of creatures.
Hence the clear difference in their rewards.
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HADITH

HADITH NINE
‫ سمعت رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬: ‫ قال‬، ‫ن أبي هريرة عبد الرحمن بن صخر رضي هللا عنه‬
‫ فإنما أهلك الذين من قبلكم‬، ‫ وما أمرتكم به فأتوا منه ما استطعتم‬، ‫ ( ما نهيتكم عنه فاجتنبوه‬: ‫يقول‬
]1337 : ‫ ومسلم [ رقم‬، ] 7288 : ‫ رواه البخاري [ رقم‬.) ‫كثرة مسائلهم واختالفهم على انبيائهم‬
Abu Hurairah 'Abd al-Rahman bin Sakhr, radiyallahu 'anhu, reported: I
heard the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, say: “Avoid that
which I forbid you to do and do that which I command you to do to the best
of your capacity. Verily the people before you were destroyed
only because of their excessive questioning and their disagreement with
their Prophets.” [Al-Bukhari & Muslim].

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES:
1. That the student should have clarity on the importance of the hadith
2. That the student should know the incidence that prompted the narration
3. That the student should understand the importance of firmness with regards to
abstaining from forbidden matters
4. That the student should have clarity on the causes of the destruction of the past nations
of the world
5. That the student should understand how to implement the Hadith in his life
IMPORTANCE OF THE HADITH
This hadith is very important and high beneficial such that it is worth memorizing and
researching upon. It consists of important principles of Islam and ‘Jawamiu Kalim’ (short
statements with many and deep interpretations) with which the prophet was favoured, it covers
numerable Islamic rulings. It is indeed a great hadith in terms of the principle of the religion and
the pillars of Islam, hence, it is worthy of concern and memorizing for every Muslim.

CAUSES OF NARRATION
The causes of narration of this hadith as related by Muslim from Abu Hurairah who said: the
messenger of Allah (SAW) address us saying: O you people, Allah has made the rite of Hajj
compulsory on you, observe the Hajj’. A man responded: ‘every year O messenger of Allah
(SAW)?’. He (SAW) remained silent until the man repeated this question three times. Then he
replied and said: “If I say yes, then it will be made compulsory, but according to your ability’.
Then he said: “keep what I have left for you for those nations before you were destroyed due to
their innumerable questioning and disagreement with the prophet. If I enjoin you to do
something do it according to your ability and If I forbid you from anything stay clear away from
it”. It was related that the questioner was Al-Aqra’a bn Haabis.
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USED TERMS
‫نهيتكم عنه‬: I want you to stay clear from indulging in such act
‫فاجتنبوه‬: abandon it totally

‫فأتوا‬: you are allowed to do such ac

‫ما استطعتم‬: what you can physically bear to do, for ease and to prevent great difficulty and
stress on you
‫أهلك‬: it became the cause of their destruction and condemnation before Allah.

GENERAL INTERPRETATIONS

((‫( ))ما نهيتكم عنه فاجتنبوه‬avoid that which I forbid you): indeed, there are lots of references
relating to forbidden and unlawful acts in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the messenger of Allah.
the intended meaning refers to the unlawful and the disapproved acts.
Forbidden as being unlawful (Nahyu Tahreem): the examples of this include fornication,
drinking of alcohol, taking usury, stealing, killing others unjustly. These mentioned acts should
be compulsorily abandoned. It is not permitted to indulge in any of it except if forced by
necessity on the basis of laid down conditions of the shariah.
Forbidden as being disliked (Nahyul Karaa’ah): example include dislike of eating of onion or
garlic when a person intends to observe his solat in congregation. These types of disapproval
can be allowed whether out of necessity or not, but the best is that the pious Muslim should
stay clear from it as much as possible.

STRICTNESS IN THE ABANDONMENT OF FORBIDDEN THINGS AND TO ERADICATE THE ROOT OF

EVIL
The shariah of Allah strives always to prevent the occurrence of evil and the spread of
corruption. That is why it will be seen that importance is placed on commandment prohibiting
forbidden matters, at times, it is more emphatic to command people to do goodness. This does
not mean that laxity is attached to commanding people to do good, but strictness is employed in
the abandonment of forbidden things with regards to the generality of people and the unlawful
matters specifically. The prohibition of the wise shariah of Islam is concerned only with what will
not lead to great corruption and calamity. This is why none is excused from falling into any of
the unlawful matter except out of a compelling necessity or pressing necessity which may
overpower his former disposition at that moment.
This earlier points expose the mistake and error of some Muslim in the present time who
brought inconsistencies into human lifestyle. They strive eagerly to practice obedient action and
responsibilities and occasionally they go to the extreme in emphasizing the adherence to the
practice of Mandub (the practice of the prophet that are not fundamental) and Mustahab (the
good deeds that are beloved and required) and others became lax in the forbidding things.
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Occasionally, they perpetrate unlawful deeds, a fasting person will be seen dealing in usury, and
a female traveler of credibility will travel exposing her beauty giving excuses of weather
condition and authorization of traveling.
These acts and attributes sharply contradict the dictates of the shariah. The basis of Islamic
worship is the abandonment of what Allah has declared unlawful and the path of success is self-
striving against the soul and desire, to abandon forbidden matters, the reward of all these
greatly outweigh most of the deeds including upholding neighbours duties and responsibility.
On this the messenger of Allah (SAW) said: “stay clear from the unlawful and you will be the
best worshipper among men” (Tirmidhi). Aisha also said: “whoever is happy and wish to be
raised above the persevering Mujtaheed (a knowledgeable scholar of eminence who strive a lot
in acts of worship) should abandon sins”.
When Umar was questioned about some people that sinful matters are made appealing to them
and do not practice it (or involved in it), he responded: “these are the people that Allah had
tested their heart with piety. Theirs is forgiveness and abundant reward”.
Umar bn AbdulAzeez said: “piety is not observing solat standing in the night, fasting in the day
and mixing the two, but piety is fulfilling what Allah has made compulsory and to abandon what
He declared unlawful”.

CAUSES OF THE DESTRUCTION OF NATIONS

The messenger of Allah (SAW) clearly stated that the cause of destruction of nations are due to
two matters: asking too many questions and indulgence in it and to differ on issues and to
abandon upholding the shariah of Allah. the prophet had prohibited the whole of his
companions from asking him too much questions, which may lead to their weakness in the
practice and upholding of such responsibilities. He equally barred the door to extremism and
dealing in what is of less importance and questioning about what is not beneficial. Bukhari
related from Mughirah bn Shu’bah: “the messenger of Allah (SAW) prohibits from idle talk and
gossip, asking innumerable questions and wasting wealth’.

ASSESSMENT
1. State the importance of the hadith
2. State the reason for the narration of the hadith
3. Clarify the strictness of the prophet with regards to forbidden things
4. State the causes of destruction of nations as stated in the hadith
5. The prophet prohibits idle talk, gossip and too much question, what is the wisdom
behind this as comprehended from the hadith
6. State your experiences in practicing this hadith
7. State how you will practice this hadith in your life
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AQEEDAH

THE SCOND ARTICLE: AL-IMAN BIL MALA’IKAH (BELEIF IN THE ANGELS)

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES:

1. To have clarity on the meaning of belief in the angels

2. To have clarity about those that are called angels and their real nature

3. To identify Judgement as regard denying the existence of hte angels

A. The meaning of belief in the angels:

What is meant is to have an absolute belief that surely the angels are in existence and they were
created from light, that they do not disobey what Allah commanded them to do; likewise, they
are always ready to carry out their responsibilities which Allah has saddled them with.

They are part of Allah’s creatures. The faith of a slave is yet to be perfected until he believe in
their existence and what was revealed about their true nature and their duties as it can be
found in the book of Allah and tradition of His apostle (SAW), without reduction, addition or
distortions.

It is imperative on mature religious devotee in shariah to proclaim the belief in the existence of
the angels, and that they are honourable creatures of Allah, who will never disobey Allah and
but execute all His instructions; and also that are capable of changing to different good forms or
shape and they should neither be described as male or female. They do not marry, eat, drink or
sleep.

They are in different categories: among them are the custordians of Allah’s throne, the bearer of
revelation, the scribes, the protectors, those who are in charge of taking souls with Malakul-
Maot as their head, those in charge of sustenance, with Mikaail as the head, those in charge of
paradise with Ridwan as the head, those in charge of hell fire with Maalik as the head, and
among them are those in charge of questioning the dead in the grave. And among them are
those whose names were mentioned in the Qur’an and they are: Jubril, Miikaail and Maalik.

As regards those mentioned through their form or roles, it is an obligation on us to believe in

them in the manner in which they were mentioned, an example is Hamlatul Arshi (the carrier of
the throne) and others. And those whose persons were mentioned we should believe in their
personality, like Jibril, Mika’il and Malik. It is also obligatory to believe in those mentioned in the
Sunnah. Allah said: (( ‫س ِل ِه‬ ِ ُ ‫سو ُل ِب َما أ‬
ُ ‫نز َل ِإلَ ْي ِه مِ ن َّر ِب ِه َو ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُونَ ُك ٌّل آ َمنَ ِباّللِ َو َمآلئِ َكتِ ِه َو ُكت ُ ِب ِه َو ُر‬ ُ ‫الر‬
َّ َ‫( ))آ َمن‬The
Messenger has believed in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and the believers as
well. All have believed in Allah and His angels and His Books and His Messengers.) (Baqarah:
285)

B. from what were they created and what is their real nature?
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It was reported in sound hadith that they were created from light. Aisha (RA) narrated that the
messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: “the angels were created from light, the Jinns were created
from flaming of fire, and Adam was created from what was described to you” (Muslim).

As for their nature, it is only Allah that knew their real nature because neither the Quran nor
hadith of the prophet explained anything about it. All that were mentioned is that they were
with two, three or four wings and it was also narrated that Jubril has six hundred wings. A sound
evidence related that they are very powerful, they were the one that held the town of Lut’s
people and turned it upside down, among them were those who carry the throne, and with a
shout from an angel, the people of Solih were destroyed and the blow from an angel into the
trumpet all that is in the heavens and the earth would go into slumber except whoever Allah
will, and with another blow all creatures would rise.

C. what is the ruling concerning denial of the existence of the angels?

The Qur’an and sunnah pointed to the existence of the angels, and whoever deny their
existence is an unbeliever (Kaafir). Allah said (( ‫ض َّل‬ َ ‫س ِل ِه َو ْاليَ ْو ِم اآلخِ ِر فَقَ ْد‬
ُ ‫َو َمن يَ ْكفُ ْر ِباّللِ َو َمَلَئِ َكتِ ِه َو ُكت ُ ِب ِه َو ُر‬
ً
‫ضَلََّل بَعِيدًا‬
َ )) (Whoever disbelieves in Allah and His angels and His Books and His Messengers and
the Last Day has indeed gone far astray.) (Nisai: 136).

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

1. Endeavour to be steadfast on obedience to Allah and remember always that:

َ‫يَ ْعلَ ُمونَ َما ت َ ْفعَلُون‬ َ‫ك َِرا ًما كَاتِبِين‬ َ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم لَ َحافِظِ ين‬
َ ‫َوإِ َّن‬
(While (appointed) over you there are watchers, 2 (10) Who are noble, writers (of the deeds),
(11) Who know whatever you do.) (Al-Infitar: 10-12)

2. Think about every utterance from you because it is either for you or against you. (( ‫َما يَ ْل ِفظُ مِ ن‬
َ ٌ‫( ))قَ ْو ٍل ِإ ََّّل لَ َد ْي ِه َرقِيب‬Not a single word is uttered by one but there is a watcher near him, ready
‫عتِي ٌد‬
(to record).) (Qaf:18).

3. Try to attend gatherings of Dhikr: the angels are in search of circles of Dhikr.

4. Engage yourself in rememberance and glorification of Allah. So that you will emmulate the
angels as they are always in obedience and glorification of Allah.

5. Endeavour to observe congregational solats especially dawn (Fajr) and noon (Asr) prayers. For
the angels assembled for these prayers: Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu
Hurayrah (RA) that the messenger of Allah (SAW) said: some angels at night follow in succession
some angels during the day watching over you. They will gather at the time of slatul-fajr and Asr.
When those who spend the night with you will ascend and their Lord who knows their situation
better than themselves will ask them: How did you leave my servants? So they will say we left
them while observing solah and we met them will observing Solah.

6. Endeavour to seek knowledge. Abu Daud has narrated on the authority of abu Darda that the
messnger of Allah (PBUH) said that “Verily the angels do spread their wings for the one seeking
knowledge, out of being pleased with what he is doing.”
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7. Try to teach people what is good for “verily Allah, His angels and the inmates of the heavens
and earth do praise well the one who teaches people what is good” (Tirmidhi)

ASSESSMENT
1. Explain what is meant by belief in angels.

2. Explain who are the angels and their true nature.

3. What is the judgement of denying the existence of the angels?