“The Literary Review Based on Various Sterilization Process before and after

Doing Surgeries in Ayurvedic Samhita and in Contemporary Science”.

Dr. Vinayak S.Kinnal , (Reader) SBSDJ Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital,

Bhojpur, Kamalganj, Fatehgarh-Farrukhabad.

Dr. Amita Chauhan, (Lecturer) SBSDJ Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital,

Bhojpur, Kamalganj, Fatehgarh-Farrukhabad.

Dr. Kamalesh Kumar (Lecturer) SBSDJ Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital,

Bhojpur, Kamalganj, Fatehgarh-Farrukhabad.

Abstract:-

Sterilization is a process by which all microorganism like Bacteria, Fungi, Virus and the

Bacterial stores are killed1. In Ayurveda, Sterilization come under Nirjantukarana” in Sushrutha

Sutra Sthana Chapter under Shashti upkrama in Dwivarniyaa Chikitsadhaya as Vrana Chikitsa

(Raksha Karma) by rakshoghana Dravaya. The ancient Science also has the idea about foreign

infection in open wound, O.T, I.P.D. etc So due to cost effective as comparison of modern

sterilization and have easily availability of Rakshoghana Dravaya, various acharyas described

various process like dhupana Karma, Instrument by flaming fire or by sprinkling of rak

shoghana Dravya & Kwatha etc.

Keywords- Sterilization, Nirajatukaran, Fumigation(Dhupan karma)

INTRODUCTION2:-

In Our surrounding environment like Hospital, School, Buses etc. There are

billions of microorganism found in which some microorganism like (Bactria, fungi, Virus) are

very dangerous for open surgical wounds. So before and after performing surgery, Sterilization

by various method (Natural, Physical, Chemical) are very useful for the prevention of 2 0

complicated infection. So Sushrutha and other surgeon during their practice had a clear idea

regarding a specific method that had to be adopted routinely. The organism gets entry into the

operating wound through various sources.

Preoperatively-

1. By Nasal carriage through infected patient.

2. From the ward either by carries nurses, bedcover, blanket, infected

linen etc.

During Operation-

1. From O.T

2. From Surgical gloves

3. Mask

4. Drainage of wound

5. From foreign bodies, suture material, etc.

Poet Operatively-

Wound may get infective if the dressing is not sterilized. In case of

cleaning wound (operated) without drainage, the dressing should not be
removed in necessarily before the removal of stitches.
AYURVEDA

1. CHARAKA SAMHITA

 In Charak Samhita, Janpadodhvansa has many such references dealing with

measure for this purification of air, water & soil. These measure can be
 broadly classified into preventive and curative measure for controlling and

eliminating the various harmful macro & microorganism3.

 Disinfection of OT, wardrobe, ward etc. Acharya Charak describe a process of

fumigation of O.T, Dress by fumes emitted by sprinkling powder of

mayurpuccha bakasthi, jatamansi etc. over burning Charcoal.

 Acharya Charak described 32 lepa & Pradeha in the management of various

skin infections. He also described mahakshaya like Kusthaghana,

Kandughana, Krimighana, Vishaghana which are used in infective condition

for Sharir Parimarjan both Antha & Bahya Parimarjan. This explains the

disinfection and sterilization that how they were used for wound healing to

prevent further infection4.

 “Hamsodaka”- The water which purified by rays or sun and moon said by

Acharya Charak5.

2. KASHYAP SAMHITA

In Kashyap Samhita Kalpsthan, Various Rakshoghana Dravya had described like

Goghrita, Sweta Sarso, Hingo, Chawal, Sarpatwaka, Bhikshusanghati, (Dhupankarma) 6.

1. Nimba- Having Insecticidal and Insect repellant property so act against streptoccocos

pyogenes.

2. Vanatulsi- Having Insecticidal and Fungicidal property.

3. Sarsapa- Due to gloucosinolates having biocidal action against different pathogen

Especially nematodes.

4. Hingu- Having Insecticidal Property.

5. Cowdung- Having Insecticidal Proper

 3. SUSHURTA SAMHITA

 Sterilization of the instrument had done by heated over fire to destroy krimi

or was heated to red hot and dipped in solution like oil, water, alkaline water

etc7.

 In Sushrutha Samhita, Various trees and plants was used for protection and

prevention of disease or unwanted harmful animal and insect. It is used to

purify the place like Vranitagar & Sutikagar but proper ventilation should be

maintained which devoid of direct light and air8.

Various Gana are mentioned in shushruta samhita as follows

(a) Arkadigana plant are set to have the property to cure Krimi, Kustha (Skin Disease)

Vrana Visodhana (Wound Cleansing & Purifing).

1. Arka (Calotropis procera)

2. Alarka (Calotropis gigantia)

3. Kranjadvaya (Pongamia pinnata (Linn) Pierre)

4. Nagadanti (Croton oblongifolias)

5. Mayuraka (Achyranthes aspera Linn)

6. Bhargni (Clerodendrum divaricatum Jack)

7. Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata)

8. Indrapuspi (Gloriosa superba Linn)

9. Ksudrashweta (Albizia lucida Benth)

10. Mahashweta (Albizia procera)

11. Vrishichkali (Pergularia daemia)

12. Tapasavrka (Balanites aegyptiaca)

 (b) Argavadhadi gana-

Kandunashana, Vranashodhana

(c) Eladigana-

Vishaghana, Kandughana

(d) Haridradigana-

Stanashodhana

(e) Nayagrodhadigana-

Vranashodhaka

(f) Lakshadigana-

Kusthakrimihara, Dustavranavishodhana

Shusruta also described bandha in Shusruta Samhita for open wound which prevent from

bacterial infection10.

Acharya Sushruta also described Sarsapa, Nimbapatraghrita, lavana for dhupana karma twice for

10 days11.

4. ASHTANGA HRIDYA

According to Vagbhatta Arkadigana are said to have property like dustavrana nashaka,

Krimighana, Vishaghana12.
5. MODERN SCIENCE13

STERILIZATION

Physical Agent Chemical Agent

A. Dry heat Sterilization A. Gas Sterilization

B. Moist Heat Sterilization B. Activated Glutaraldehyde

C. Formaline Sterilization

D. Alcohol (70% Isopropanol)

E. Povidine Iodine

F. Dettol

Physical Agent:

A. Dry Heat: 1) Flaming method used for blunt instrument

2) Hot air oven (160-180* C) 1-1 ½ hour for sharp instruments

B. Moist Heat:

1) Heat below 100* C

2) Heat at 100* C: example- syringes, surgery instrument etc

3) Heat more than 100* C: example- autoclaving

Chemical Agent:

1) Gas Sterilization: To fumigate O.T, wards, heart-lung machine etc.

2) Activated Glutraraldehyde

3) Formaline Sterilization

4) Alcohol (70% Isopropanol)

5) Povidone Iodine

6) Dettol.

OPERATION THEATRE STERILIZATION

There are different method and machine for sterilization of O.T to make it infection free-

1) Fumigation

2) Ultraviolet rays.

3) Radiation.

Fumigation machines- 1) Fumigators

2) Foggers
 Fumigation methods- 1) Formalin fumigation

2) Sulphur fumigation.

I. Various components of O.T by various materials for cleaning with timing

schedule:-

II. Advantages, disadvantages and uses of various methods of sterilization methods:-

CONCLUSION- Earlier, many Acharyas has an idea about the foreign infections so they

describe many drugs and formulations for killing Micro organism, Bacteria, Fungi etc. They

were very well known about the complications which occur without using proper sterilization in

open wound and different procedure like surgeries, deliveries etc. the used various drugs in

fumigation and sterilization which had property like insecticidal, fungicidal and bactericidal etc.

while performing surgeries ayurvedic sterilization process are very cheap and cost effective. So

proper sterilization is necessary to perform surgeries.

REFERENCES-

1. Makhanlal Saha, Ch-21, Bedside clinics in surgery, 2nd ed. Jaypee brother medical
publisher (P) Ltd. Page No. 869.
2. Dr. Syyed Mohammed Jalaludheen, Ch- 4, outline of Shalya Tantra, 3rd ed.
Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Page- 60, 66.
3. Harishchandra Singh Khushwaha, Ch -3/6 Charak Samhita Vimana Sthana,Part 1 reprint
year 2014, Chaukhambha orentalia , Page- 601.
4. Acharya Dradhabala, Ch-3/7-8, 10, Charak Samhita, su. Sthan part 1, Reprint 2017,
Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Page- 59, 60.
5. Acharya Dralebala, Ch- 6/46,48 Charak Samhita su. Sthan, Part I, Reprint 2017,
Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Page- 146.
6. Pandit Hemraj Sharma, Ch- Dhupkalpadhyaya Kashayap Samhita Kalpasthana, Reprint

2016, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Page- 256.

7. Dr. Ambikadutt Shashtri, Ch- 2/46, Sushruta Samhita Chikitsasthana Purvardha, Reprint

2009, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Page- 22.

8. Dr. Ambikadutta Shashtri, Ch- 5/18, Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana, Part I, Reprint

2009, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan , Page- 25.

9. Dr. Ambikadutta Shashtri, Ch- 38/06,16, 24, 25, 27, 49, 66, Sushruta Samhita Sutra

Sthana, Part I, Reprint 2009, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Page- 183, 184, 185, 187.
10. Dr. Ambikadutta Shashtri, Ch- 18/3, Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana, Part I, Reprint

2009, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Page- 16.

11. Dr. Ambikadutta Shashtri, Ch- 19/28, Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana, Part I, Reprint

2009, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Page- 105.

12. Prof. Banvari Lal Gaur, ch-15/29, Asthanga Hridya Sutrastan, Reprint- 2013

Chaukhambha Orientalia, Page- 272.

13. Vaidya Kanchan Shekokar, ch-3,textbook of shalya tantra, Part I , Reprint- june 2014

Shantanu Prakashan, Page 59-64.