1.

Verifique que la ecuación diferencial (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 es exacta

(2𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝐸𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑖: 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑀𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) = (2𝑥) + (3𝑦) = 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑁𝑥 = (3𝑥 + 2𝑦) = (3𝑥) + (2𝑦) = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑀𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥
3=3
𝐸𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎.
2. Halle solución general de la ecuación diferencial 2𝑦’’ − 7𝑦’ + 3𝑦 = 0
2𝑦’’ − 7𝑦’ + 3𝑦 = 0
2𝑟 2 − 7𝑟 + 3 = 0
−(−7) + √(−7)2 − 4 ∙ 2 ∙ 3
r= =3
2∙2
−(−7) − √(−7)2 − 4 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 1
r= =
2∙2 2
1
𝑟=3 , 𝑟=
2
1
𝑦1 = 𝑒 3𝑥 , 𝑦2 = 𝑒 2𝑥
1
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2
3. Halle la solución de la ecuación diferencial 𝑦’ = 𝑥2

𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑦’ =
𝑥2
𝑧′𝑥 + 𝑧 = 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 + 1
𝑧′𝑥 = 𝑧 2 + 1
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑧2 + 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 =∫
𝑧 +1 𝑥
arctan(𝑧) = 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶1
𝑦
arctan ( ) = 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶1
𝑥
 𝑦
𝑒 arctan(𝑥 )
𝐶=
𝑥
4𝑦−3𝑥
4. Halle la solución de 𝑦′ = 2𝑥−𝑦

4𝑦 − 3𝑥
𝑦′ =
2𝑥 − 𝑦
4𝑧 − 3
𝑧′𝑥 + 𝑧 = −
𝑧−2
′
𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 − 3
𝑧𝑥=−
𝑧−2
(𝑧 − 2)𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
− 2 =
𝑧 + 2𝑧 − 3 𝑥
(𝑧 − 2)𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
∫− 2 =∫
𝑧 + 2𝑧 − 3 𝑥
1 5
ln(𝑧 − 1) − ln(𝑧 + 3) = 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶1
4 4
1
− (5 𝑙𝑛(𝑦 + 3𝑥) − ln(𝑦 − 𝑥) − 4 ln(𝑥)) = 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶1
4
1
𝑥(𝑦 − 𝑥)4
𝐶𝑥 = 5
(𝑦 + 3𝑥)4
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙: 𝑦1 = −3𝑥 , 𝑦2 = 𝑥
5. Halle la solución de (𝑦 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑓𝑥 𝑓𝑦
+ =0
(𝑦 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 3
𝑀𝑦 = (𝑦 − 𝑥 3 ) = (𝑦) − (𝑥 ) = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑁𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 ) = (𝑥) − (𝑦 3 ) = 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑀𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥
1=1
𝐸𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎.
𝑥4
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦): ∫(𝑦 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 −
4
𝑥4
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑥 − + 𝑔(𝑦)
4
 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 𝑥 − 𝑦 3
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −𝑦 3

3
𝑦4
𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −
4
𝑥4 𝑦4
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑥 − −
4 4
𝑥4 𝑦4
𝑦𝑥 − − =𝐶
4 4
6. Halle la solución de 𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ + 7𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 0
𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ + 7𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 0
𝑟 3 − 3𝑟 2 + 7𝑟 − 5 = 0
(𝑟 − 1)(𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 + 5) = 0
𝑟−1=0 ⟹ 𝑟 =1
𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 + 5 = 0
−(−2) ± √(−2)2 − 4 ∙ 1 ∙ 5
r= = 1 ± 2𝑖
2∙1
𝑟=1 , 𝑟 = 1 ± 2𝑖
𝑦(𝑥) = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶3 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ sin(2𝑥)
7. Halle la solución de 𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 6
𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 6
𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 0
𝑟2 + 9 = 0
2
𝑟 +9−9= 0−9
𝑟 2 = −9
𝐸𝐻𝑅
𝑟 = √−9 , 𝑟 = −√−9
𝑟 = 3𝑖 , 𝑟 = −3𝑖
𝑦1 = cos(3𝑥) , 𝑦2 = sin(3𝑥)
{𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 ∙ cos(3𝑥) + 𝐶2 ∙ sin(3𝑥)}
𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥
𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑟: 𝑦 = 𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑒 3𝑥
′′
((𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑒 3𝑥 ) ) + 9(𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑒 3𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥
2𝑎0 𝑒 3𝑥 + 12𝑎0 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 18𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 6𝑎1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 18𝑎1 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 18𝑎2 𝑒 3𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥
18𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + (12𝑎0 + 18𝑎1 )𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + (2𝑎0 + 6𝑎1 + 18𝑎2 )𝑒 3𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥
 0 = 2𝑎0 + 6𝑎1 + 18𝑎2
[ 0 = 12𝑎0 + 18𝑎1 ]
1 = 18𝑎0
1
𝑎0 =
18
1
0=2∙ + 6𝑎1 + 18𝑎2
[ 18 ]
1
0 = 12 ∙ + 18𝑎1
18
2
1 2 2 −3 1
0 = 12 ∙ + 18𝑎1 ⟹ 0 = + 18𝑎1 ⟹ − = 18𝑎1 ⟹ = 𝑎1 ⟹ − = 𝑎1
18 3 3 18 27
1 1
[0 = 2 ∙ + 6 ∙ (− ) + 18𝑎2 ]
18 27
1
1 1 1 2 1 1
0= 2∙ + 6 ∙ (− ) + 18𝑎2 ⟹ 0 = − + 18𝑎2 ⟹ = 18𝑎2 ⟹ 9 = 𝑎2 ⟹ = 𝑎2
18 27 9 9 9 18 162
𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟: 𝑦 = 𝑎0 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑒 3𝑥
1 2 3𝑥 1 1 3𝑥
𝑦= 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒
18 27 162
𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 6
6 2
𝑎0′′ + 9𝑎0 = 6 ⟹ 0 + 9𝑎0 = 6 ⟹ 𝑎0 = ⟹ 𝑎0 =
9 3
1 2 3𝑥 1 1 3𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝐶1 ∙ cos(3𝑥) + 𝐶2 ∙ sin(3𝑥) + 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 +
18 27 162 3
8. Determine un problema que puedas argumentar con ecuaciones diferenciales y presente un
resumen del análisis.
• http://www.urosario.edu.co/urosariofiles/b8/b8887954−9f29−4bd1−9a19−94a0b050dc1
6.pdf
• MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH CASE STUDIES Using MapleTM and
MATLAB, B. Barnes and G. R. Fulford, CRC Press
• https : //es.slideshare.net/akulbansal5/91277687 −
solutionmanualformathematicalmodellingwith casestudiestaylorandfrancis