Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- Chhabi Acharya
Sunandan Poudel
HOPE Int’l College
Content:
• Introduction
• History
• Types
- Discussion
- Examples
Introduction:
• 1950’s - Maurice
Wilkins, Rosalind
Franklin, Francis H. C.
Crick of Britain and
James D. Watson of
the U.S. discover
chemical structure of
DNA, starting a new
branch of science -
molecular biology.
Contd..
• 1957- Arthur
Kornberg of the
U.S. produced
DNA in a test tube.
• 1966 - The Genetic
code was
discovered.
Contd..
The fossil is dated as 1.5 million years old and is from a two-year-old
Homo erectus child. Homo erectus was a precursor of modern man.
Classification:
Fibrodysplasia
Ossificans
Progressiva
(FOP)
:Sometimes
called “stone
man” syndrome,
is extremely rare
genetic disease
causes soft
tissue to turn
into bone.
2. Chromosomal Genetic Disorder
• Williams syndrome is a
rare genetic disorder
that affects a child's
growth, physical
appearance, and
cognitive development.
• People who have
Williams syndrome are
missing genetic material
from chromosome 7,
including the gene
elastin.
Colorblindness:
• Mutated
genes are
located on
the X-
chromoso
me (for
red/green
color
blindness)
or both the
X and Y
chromoso
mes (for
total color
blindness).
- What about
you? Try it:
3. Multifactorial Disorder
• These disorders involve variations in
multiple genes, often coupled with
environmental causes.
• Some example: Alzheimer's Disease,
Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Colon Cancer,
Hypothyroidism. Asthma, cancers, cleft
palate, diabetes, heart disease,
hypertension, inflammatory bowel
disease, mood disorder, obesity,
refractive error, infertility
3-a. Alzheimer's Disease
• Alzheimer's is a disease that
causes dementia, or loss of brain
function. It affects the parts of the
brain that deal with memory,
thought, and language.
• The brain of a person with
Alzheimer's contains abnormal
clumps of cellular debris and
protein(plaques) and collapsed
microtubules (support structures of
the cell).
Contd..
• Microtubule disintegration is
caused by a malfunctioning
protein called tau, which
normally stabilizes the
microtubules.
• In Alzheimer's patients, tau
proteins instead cluster
together to form disabling
tangles.
• These plaques and tangles
damage the healthy cells
around them.
Contd..
• Because Alzheimer's
destroys brain cells,
people who have the
disorder slowly lose their
ability to think clearly.
• At first, they may forget
words or names, or have
trouble finding things.
• As the disorder worsens,
they may forget how to
do simple tasks.
*
References: