INTRODUCTION:

Istiklal street is one of the most famous avenues in Istanbul, Turkey, Located in the
historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district, it is an elegant pedestrian street, 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) long.
HISTORY:

The street started to be shaped during the Byzantine times. The avenue used to be called “cadde-i-
Kebir” (Grand avenue) and hosted many ethnic communities of the Ottoman Empire.

Context:

PASTE IMAGE
Properties:

It commemorates the victory in the Turkish War of Independence.

It contain the second oldest underground station in the world.
It contains a vast variety of buildings having various functions.
It is a pedestrian street and the only locomotive is a historic red tram service.
It links medieval Genoese neighborhoods to the world-famous Taksim Square
It is the city’s major shopping destinations and accommodates nearly 3million people on weekends.

It is also host to numerous international art festivals.

Decline:
The avenue briefly fell from grace in the 1970s and 1980s, with its old Istanbulite inhabitants moving
elsewhere, and its side streets – then stereotyped with their bars.

Restoration :
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a massive restoration process took place, master-planned
and executed by the Istanbul Metropolitan