Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT 1
HOW DO YOU GET UP?
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BREAKFAST OR LUNCH?
It was Sunday. I never (1)_______ up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in
bed until (2)_______ time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of
the window. It was (3)_______ outside. ‗What a day!‘ I thought. ‗It‘s
(4)________ again.‘ Just then, the telephone rang. It was
my aunt Lucy. ‗I‘ve just arrived by train,‘ she said. ‗I‘m
coming to see you.‘
‗But I‘m still having breakfast,‘ I said.
‗What are you doing?‘ she asked.
‗I‘m having breakfast,‘ I repeated.
‗Dear me,‘ she said. (5)______ ______ always get
up so late? It‘s one o‘clock!‘
Exercise 1
Listen to the audio, and then fill in the blank on the passage above based on what you hear. After
the passage is complete, read the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What does the above passage mainly discuss?
2. Who telephoned then?
3. Why was the writer‘s aunt surprised?
4. Had she arrived by train, or had she come on foot?
5. Was she coming to see him or not?
Exercise 2
Find Adjectivesand Nouns on the text above!
Nouns Adjectives Nouns Adjectives
.......... .......... .......... ..........
.......... .......... .......... ..........
.......... .......... .......... ..........
.......... .......... .......... ..........
.......... .......... .......... ..........
Exercise 3
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses!
1. Does simple present simply function differently from present continuous?
2. What makes them different? Explain!
3. Do the following sentences have similar meaning? Explain!
a. He tries to show me that he‘s smarter than I
b. He is trying to show me that he‘s smarter than I
4. Do the following sentences have correct grammatical form?
a. Gary always leave for school at 06:30.
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b. Today, Jack is study in the library.
c. Ted and Tom washes their clothes every other day or so.
d. I love beef burger very much.
e. She trying to concentrate.
5. If the sentences above are incorrect, please make correction.
a. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. It is true in the past, true in the present and
b. Most animals kill only for food. will be true in the future. It is used for
c. The world is round general statements of fact.
d. I study for two hours every night It is used to express habitual or everyday
e. My class begins at nine activity
f. He always eats a sandwich for lunch
g. I have only a dollar right now. Certain verbs are not used in the progressive
h. I don’t recognize that man. tenses. With these verbs, this kind of tense
i. He needs a pen right now. may indicate a situation that exists right now,
at the moment of speaking.
For instance:
We should say “I don’t know you “instead of “I am not knowing you”, because “know” is
not a progressive verb.
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SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It began
in the recent past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future.
Often the activity is of a general nature: something generally in progress this week, this month,
this year.
Exercise 4
Use words in the box you have taken from the passage! See the following example and do it
accordingly! Use either simple present or present progressive to create sentence. Use your
dictionary to check the meaning and how to pronounce.
NOUN
Classroom /ˈklɑːsruːm, -rʊm/ = A room in which a class of pupils or students is taught.
Right now I am looking around the classroom.
1 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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2 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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3 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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4 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………..
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VERB
Watch /wɒtʃ/ = Look at or observe attentively over a period of time
I watch television every day.
1 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
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4 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ADJECTIVE
Sorry /ˈsɒri/ = Feeling sad or distressed through sympathy with someone else‘s misfortune
We are sorry to hear the bad news.
1 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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2 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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3 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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4 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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ADVERB
Today /təˈdeI/ = On or in the course of this present day
He will appear in court today.
1 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
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3 ………………………………………. : ………………………………………………………….
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4 ………………………………………. : …………………………………………………………
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Exercise 5
Look! Jenny (go) to school. On her back, Jenny (carry) her school bag.
The school bag (be) very heavy. Normally, Jenny (wear) black shoes, but
today she (wear) Red Wellies. And look, she (wear) a raincoat because it
(rain) outside. Jenny (not /want) to get wet.
Exercise 6
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
It’s Nice to Meet You
This is the first day for new students to go to the university. Ahmad is one of the new students. In
the classroom, he meet his new friend. One of them are Najib.
Ahmad : Assalamualaikum wr.wb.
Najib : Waalaikumussalam wr.wb.
Ahmad : (Ahmad are shaking his hand to Najib) How do you do?
Najib : How do you do?
Ahmad : What are your name?
Najib : Hi, I am Najib, Najib Razaq. And you?
Ahmad : My name is Ahmad, Ahmad Riza. Nice to meet you, Najib.
Najib : It‘s nice to meet you too, Ahmad
Ahmad : where does you live?
Najib : I live at Ahmad Yani Street 30 Semarang, where do you stay in?
Ahmad : I am from Magelang. But now I am stay in Kalongan, Ungaran. By the way, how
do you gets here?
Najib : my sister takes me up. She are now at her office working.
Ahmad : I see. I go to campus using public transportation. My rental house is quite far
from here.
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Najib : (the lecturer are getting into the class) Ahmad, our lecturer is come. Let‘s turn to
the lecture.
Ahmad : Ok, sure! Wassalamualaikum wr.wb.
Najib : walaikumusslam wr.wb.
Exercise 7
Rewrite the dialogue above with the correct and appropriate construction you have done! Then,
modify the content based on you and your friend, and then practice with your friend you have
chosen!
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2
UNIT 2
WHERE DID YOU GO?
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A Private Conversation
Exercise 1
Read aloud the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the above passage?
2. Where did the writer go last week?
3. Why did the writer complain to the people?
4. Who was sitting behind him?
5. Were they talking loudly, or were they talking quitely?
Exercise 2
Study this table and then combine to a sentence!
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Exercise 3
Re-read the above passage and then find the pronoun on it!
Exercise 4
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses!
1. Do you have any bad, amusing or happy experience? What‘s that?
2. What did you do yesterday? Did you study, go to campus, or hang out?
3. What kind of verb do you use to express something happened in the past?
4. Can u sense the difference and similiarity between these two sentences? What are those?
5. What did you do yesterday?
6. What were you doing yesterday at 2 pm?
7. What is the function of V2 (past form of verb)?
8. Would you please pronounce these words and complete this table below! If you get
difficulties, look at the explanation below and consult your instructor!
Words Spelling
a. Watched /wɒtʃt/
b. Spelled /speld/
c. Visited /ˈvɪz.ɪtɪd/
d. Went /went/
e. Bought /bɔːt/ /bɑːt/
f. Made /meɪd/
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SIMPLE PAST VS PAST PROGRESSIVE
Eg: Last week, I went to the theatre Eg: I was going to the theatre at 9 pm last
night.
The activity or situation began and ended at The activity or situation began and still in
a pariticular time in the past. progress at exact time in the past.
Eg: I had a very good seat yesterday. Eg: I was having a very good seat yesterday
FUNCTIONS
morning.
When combined to simple past using When combined to simple past using ―when‖,
―when‖, the action in when clause happens both action occured at the same time, but one
first. action began earlier and was in progress when
the other action occured.
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Exercise 5
Choose two verbs of verbs A and B and then make simple past and past progressive sentences
using the time signal provided in the box below!
Exercise 6
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of pronoun!
1. Did _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent?
2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) obtained a degree in Chemistry.
3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us).
4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me).
5. _____ could not swim because _____ had webbed feet.
6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house.
7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____.
8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could.
9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place.
10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass _____ up to me."
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past simple or continuous!
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3. Last summer Mary _______ (travel) to London with her parents.
She_______ (fly) to Heathrow Airport. They_______ (stay) at a nice hotel every day.
4. I _______ (not/ do) anything important when Peter________ (turn) up yesterday.
I _______ (just/ listen) to music.
5. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, it _________ (start) to rain.
We _________ (get) completely wet, so today I‘ve got a terrible cold.
Exercise 8
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
The holiday has been over. Some of them were have their holidays during the break, but some
were just stayed at home. Now, the day is the first day for the students to go to the university after
the break. Aini is wondering how Azizah spent her holiday.
Aini : Assalamualaikum
Azizah : Waalaikumussalam
Aini : How are you today? You looked so fresh today.
Azizah : Just couldn‘t be any better! Alhamdulillah. I had wonderful holidays with my family.
Aini : oh really? Could you just tell me more about your holiday?
Azizah : It was not just a holiday. I go to Mecca to do Umrah.
Aini : Oh great! Alhamdulillah.
Azizah : We leave for Jakarta first, before we are flying to Jeddah. The flight to Jeddah was so
comfortable and relaxing! Within minutes we found ourselves through immigration and on
our way to Makkah.
Aini : So, it was the first day of the Ramadhan?
Azizah : Yes. SubhanAllah. It was the first of Ramadhan. After settling in, we proceeded to
perform umrah just before maghrib!
Aini : Alhamdulillah. What did you do then?
Azizah : Truly, no other than the guests of Ar Rahman can receive such honour and welcome.
After so very many years, alhamdulillah I was in mataf when azan maghreb started. We
were constantly being showered with a variety of dates, cool and refreshing glasses of zam
zam and not to forget the hot tea and the coffee! Everyone was racing to please His Rabb,
all smiles, and insistent we honour them by accepting their hospitality! SubhanAllah!
Aini : SubhanAllah. I do hope I will be there someday. Amen.
Azizah : Amen.
Aini : Thanks for your praying. I think the lecturer is getting closer to got in our class.
Azizah : Ok, let‘s get in. Assalamualaikum
Aini : Waalaikumussalam.
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Exercise 9
Choose a partner! Rewrite the dialogue above with the correct and appropriate constructions you
have corrected! Then, modify the content based on what you and your friend have, and then
practice with your friend you have chosen!
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UNIT 3
3
HAVE YOU DONE?
Exercise 1
Read aloud the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the above passage?
2. What does ‗no wrong numbers‘ mean?
3. Why has Mr. Scott bought twelve pigeon?
4. How long did the bird fly from Pihurst to Silbury?
5. How can it be said that that he has begun his own private ‗telephone‘ service?
Exercise 2
Re-read the above passage and then find verbs and adverbs on it!
Exercise 3
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses
1. What have you done today? Have you done with the homework?
2. What kind of verb do you use to express something has happened recently?
3. Can u sense the difference and similiarity between these two sentences? What are those?
4. Did you eat some rice today?
5. Have you eaten some rice today?
6. What is the function of V3 (past participle form of verb)?
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7. Can you tell us the auxilliary used to form a perfect meaning?
8. When should we use perfect form?
Present perfect when used with for and Future perfect expresses an activity that will
since, expresses a situation that began in be completed before another time or event in
the past and continues to the present. the future.
Eg. Eg. I will graduate in June. I will see you in
- I have lived here for three years ago. July. By the next time I see you, I will have
- I have lived here since I was a child. graduated.
Slow (adjective) + ly Or
slowly (adverb) The words Pinhurst and
a pigeon carried the first Silibury respectively answer
Slowly gives an answer of message from Pinhurst to these questions:
how the bird covered the Silbury yesterday.
distance ―where does Mr. James Scott
The word yesterday gives have a garage?‖
Some irregular forms: an answer of a question:
goodwell ―where has he just bought
Hard hard ―When did a pigeon carry another garage?‖
Fast fast the first message?‖
Etc.
Transitive Intransitive
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School is a complement not an object of go (has gone).
Exercise 4
Change this sentence into negative, interogative or positive forms!
1. (+) he has just bought twelve pigeons
(-)..........................................................................................................................................
(?).........................................................................................................................................
2. (+)........................................................................................................................................
(-) She has never been abroad before
(?)........................................................................................................................................
3. (+).......................................................................................................................................
(-)........................................................................................................................................
(?) has Mr. James Scott gone to campus.
4. (+) a pigeon had carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
(-)........................................................................................................................................
(?)........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 5
Match and link from the left to the right side!
GO COME
TRANSITIVE VERBS = ARRIVE STAY
FEEL RUN
SLEEP SIT
INTRANSITIVE VERBS = BRUSH BUY
BORROW BRING
CRY THROW
Exercise 6
Choose two of the verbs make the sentences using appropriate time signal!
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1. ……………………………………… ………………………………………………
… ……
……………………………………… ………………………………………………
… ……
2. ……………………………………… ………………………………………………
… ……
……………………………………… ………………………………………………
… ……
Exercise 7
Put in the verbs in brckets into the gaps. Use Present Perfect. Watch the punctuation and form
sentences or questions.
1. Emma__________ this film on TV. (not/to see)
2. How often___________ she____________ the office? (to phone)
3. _________the Millers_____________yet? (to arrive)
4. John__________on a trip through Alaska. (not/to go)
5. ____________they ever_____________to New York? (to be)
Exercise 8
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
The class is over when the adzan (Calling for prayer) have been pronounced. Students and
lecturers together go to Abu Bakr Assegaf mosque. After they have arriving at the mosque, they
take the ablution water (wudhu). After taken the wudhu, they directly go inside the mosque to take
a pray together with thousands of Jamaah. Ahmad, one of the jamaah, has done his duʿāʾ. He
reaches the mosque yard then put his shoes on. He meets a student from different faculty, named
Rama.
Rama : Assalamualaikum. Wr. Wb.
Ahmad : Waalaikumusslam. Wr. Wb. New student?
Rama : Ya, Alhamdulillah. I have been admit in the faculty of Medicine
Ahmad : Alhamdulillah. I am also a freshman of Faculty of Islamic Studies.
Rama : Alhamdulillah, we have be in such a good university implementing Islamic
values.
Ahmad : Ya, May Allah blesses us. This Jamaah (congregation) in the mosque is one of
the Islamic values which have ……………. implemented here. Jamaah is really
recommended for us.
Rama : Exactly! Islam encourages Muslims to offer together their five daily prayer in
congregation behind an imam, on condition that he is just, which means that he
must be someone sincere in his religion.
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Ahmad : Sure! Throughout the Islamic World from the time of the Prophet, who was the
one to establish congregational prayers, until today Muslims has gathered early in
the morning to pray together the dawn prayer, at noon for the noon and afternoon
prayer and at sunset for the sunset and early evening prayers.
Rama : Couldn‘t agree more! Anyway, have you have your lunch?
Ahmad : Alhamdulillah, I haven‘t had it yet. Shall we go to Puma?
Rama : My pleasure. Let‘s go!
Exercise 9
Choose a friend to be your partner. Then, interview and write down about what you and your
friend have done today. Report it in a dialogue. Then practice with your partner!
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WHAT’S YOUR PLAN?
UNIT 4
4
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The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games (1)____ ___ ___ in our country in four
years‘ time. As a great many people will be visiting the country,
the government will be building new hotels, an immense
stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will
also be building (2)______ _____ and a special railway line.
The Games (3)_____ _____ ______ just outside the capital and
the whole area will be called ‗Olympic City‘. Workers will have
completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of
next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic
modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be
watching (4)__________ as the new buildings go up. We are all very
excited and are (5)________ _______ to the Olympic Games because
they have never been held before in this country.
Exercise 1
Read aloud the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the above passage?
2. When was the last time this country hosted the olympic games?
3. Why will the government be building new hotels, stadium and swimming pool?
4. When will the new stadium have been finished?
5. Why poeple will be watching anxiously and excited to the olimpic games?
Exercise 2
Combine the sentence in A and B into a sentence!
No A B
1 I have money I will go to Japan
2 The preparation is done The Games will be held just outside the capital city
3 We were elected in the The Olympic Games would be held in our country
conference
4 The game had been started Everybody would have watched anxiously
Exercise 3
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses
1. Do you have any future plan? What‘s that?
2. What will you do next weekend? Will you study, go to campus, or hang out?
3. Do you experience something you would do in the past but it did not happen?
4. hat kind of verb do you use to express something you will do in the future and in the past?
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5. Can u sense the difference between these sentences? What are those?
6. If I have money, I will go to Japan
7. If I have money, I am going to go to Japan
8. If I had money, I would go to Japan
9. If I had had money, I would have gone to Japan
Expressing willingness, only will is Expressing prior plan, only be going to is used.
used. e.g.
e.g. A: why did you buy this paint?
A: I don‘t understand this problem. B: I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll Speaker B has made a prior plan. He decided to
help you. paint her bedroom last week. She intends to paint
Speaker B feels sure about the her bedroom tomorrow.
teacher‘s willingness to help. Will is not appropriate in this sentence
Be going to is not appropriate in
this sentence.
A time clause begins with such words as when, before, after, as soon as, until and include
a subject and a verb. The time clause can come either at the beginning of the sentence or
in the second part of the sentence.
e.g. when he comes, we‘ll see him. Or we‘ll see him when he comes
TIME CLAUSE
Will or be going to is NOT used in a time clause. The meaning of the clause is future, but
the simple present tense is used
e.g. Bob will come. We will see him. When bob comes, we will see him.
Time clause: when Bob comes
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Exercise 4
Choose two verbs of verbs A and B and then make simple past and past progressive sentences
based on the time signal provided in the box below!
Exercise 5
Change these sentences into positive, negative and interrogative forms!
1. (+) The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years‘ time
(-)………………………………………………………………………..
(?)……………………………………………………………………….
2. (+)……………………………………………………………………………..
(-) The government would not be building new hotels.
(?)……………………………………………………………………….
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a. ……………………………………………………………………...
b. ……………………………………………………………………...
Move these sentences to future and past future tense
The government is not going to build new hotels
a. ……………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………….
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
True in the Simple present Simple present (a) If I have enough time, I
present/future Simple future write to my parents every
week.
Untrue in the Simple past Would + simple form (c) If I had enough time now,
present/future I would write to my
parents. (in the truth, I do
not have enough time, so
I will not write to them)
Untrue in the past Past perfect Would have + past (d) If I had had enough time,
participle I would have written to
my parents yesterday. (in
the truth, I did not have
enough time, so I did not
write to them)
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Exercise 6
Match the numbers with the letters to form conditional sentences:
2. She wouldn't have missed the train if she had woken up earlier. (T / F)
3. I‘ll call you if I come back early. (T / F)
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 1):
1. If I (finish)__________early, I will call you.
2. I (catch)__________the 9:00 train if I hurry up .
3. She will know the answer, if she (try)___________ to understand.
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):
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Exercise 7
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
Going to Overseas University
It is at the airport of Ahmad Yani Semarang. Ms. Muna, the delegation of Office of International
Affairs UNISSULA is releasing some students who will to fly to overseas universities. Antika and
Nisa is going to Malaysia for Dual Degree Program at International Islamic University Malaysia,
while Ihsan and Selamet are going to Holland for short course program at Rotterdam University.
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Exercise 9
Choose a friend to be your partner. Then, interview and write down about future dreams of
you and your friend. Report it in a dialogue. Then practice with your partner!
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UNIT 5
5
WHAT IS IT MADE?
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Not For Jazz
We have an old musical instrument. It (1)___ _______ a
clavichord. It (2)____ ______ in Germany 1681. Our
clavichord (3)_____ _______in the living-room. It has
belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument
(4)______ ________ by my grandfather many years ago.
Recently it (5)_____ ________ by a visitor. She tried to
play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were
broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is
being repaired by a friend of my father.
Exercise 1
Read aloud the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the above passage?
2. When was the old musical instrument made?
3. Who bought the instrument many years ago?
4. What happens to the clavichord?
5. Who is repairing it now?
Exercise 2
Re-arrange these sentences into a good sentence!
a. Clavichord- it-called-is.
It is called a clavichord............................................................................................
b. 1975-established-It-in-was.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. Made-Germany-someone-in-1681-it
.............................................................................................................................................
5. Bought-my grandfather-was-by-the intrument-years ago-many.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. My father-is-repairing-by-a friend of-it.
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Exercise 3
Re-read the above passage and then find active and passive forms! Consult your instructor!
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Exercise 4
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses
1. Look at your own clothes! What are your clothes made of?
2. Do you know why should we use passive patterns or active patterns?
3. What kind of pattern do we use to form passive meaning?
4. Can u sense the difference and similiarity between these sentences? What are those?
I am done.
It was made in Germany.
The door is closed by my father.
5. Can you tell us the ―tobe‖ used to form passive meaning of all tenses?
PASSIVE VOICE
The progressive forms of the present perfect, past perfect, future, and
future perfect are very rarely used in the passive
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Rice is grown in India.
It is not important to tell the subject.
When the subject is known, it can be omitted. (everyone knows that the
subject is the farmer)
USAGE
The car was stolen someone stole the car
When the subject is unknown, it can use ―someone‖ in the active
sentence.
Life on the Mississippi was written by Mark Twain
The subject is shown because it is important to know it.
Exercise 5
Change these into passive!
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
that play was written by Shakespeare
2. Bill will invite Ann to the party. 6. Shirley has suggested a new idea.
………………………………………………..………… …………………………………………………..………
3. Alex is preparing that report. 7. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
………………………………………………..………… …………………………………………………..………
4. Waitresses and waiters serve customers.
.…………………………………………………………
5. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
………………………………………………….........
CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases, or clauses.
Coordinating Conjunctions
join single words or groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: subject + subject,
F A N B O Y S
Fo S
and nor but Or yet
r o
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Conj Sentence Sample Joining
Linda was finally going to buy a new car, for she had
For sentence + sentence
won the lottery.
nor I didn't run, nor did I walk to the fire. I drove. sentence + sentence
so Laura stubbed her toe, so she was limping for two days. sentence + sentence
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions also connect sentence elements of the same kind but with one
both. . .and Both red and white wines are good for
subject + subject
cooking.
either. . .or You can have either chicken or fish. noun + noun
neither. . .nor Neither Lionel nor Herbert can tap dance. subject + subject
not only. . .but Not only did Martin lose his wallet, but he
sentence + sentence
also also lost his keys.
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Subordinating Conjunctions
In order
Whenever Provided that Whereas
that
Until As Even if
As long as That
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He walked into the room as though he owned the place. Manner
Exercise 6
Find an English article! Write down the coordinating, correlating, and subordinating
conjunctions on it and then fill the table below based on your article!
No Sentence Conjunction Function
1
10
Exercise 7
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
HAVING BRUNCH AT PUMANISA
It is 11.30 am. The class is over. Students are getting outside of the class. Some of them
are going to the canteen called PUMANISA. Abu and Ahmad are going to the canteen
together.
Exercise 8
Please rewrite the above dialogue with the correct constructions. Then practice the dialogue
with your partner!
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..
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HOW CAN I HELP YOU?
UNIT 6
6
Center for International Language Development
2015 38 | C I L A D
A Slip of The Tongue
People (1)______ _____ anything to see a free show — even if it is a bad one.
When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local
cinema
by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to
(2)_______ for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people
present just before the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the
dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt
disappointed, as many of the artistes who (3)_______ _______ appeared did not
come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at
the beginning of the program. He was obviously very nervous and for some
minutes stood (4)____________ before the microphone. As soon as he opened
his mouth, everyone (5)_____ ________laughing. We all know what the poor
man should have said, but what he actually said was: ‗This is the Poo and Ee
Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!‖
Exercise 1
Read aloud the passage and answer the following questions!
1. What is the topic of the above passage?
2. Why did they who failed to get in not need to have felt disappointed?
3. What was the funny things?
4. Why did the audiences laugh?
5. Who made the only funny joke that evening and why?
Exercise 2
Re-arrange these sentences into a good sentence!
1. a comedy-be presented-local-cinema-would-at-our show
a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema.........................................
2. there must have been several hundred people
...........................................................................................................................................
3. It-to-hours-had-for-queue-we-to get
............................................................................................................................................
4. a free game- will-they-do-nothing-to play.
............................................................................................................................................
5. the- some-is-of-good-the-in-book-library
............................................................................................................................................
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Exercise 3
Re-read the above passage and then find the modals on it!
Exercise 4
Answer the following questions before you learn about the tenses
1. how do you ask someone for a help?
2. Or, how do you offer someone for a help?
3. When you pass through older people, how do you take permission?
4. Can u sense the difference and similiarity between these two sentences? What are those?
People will do anything to see a free show
People would do anything to see a free show
Shut the door!
Would you please shut the door?
5. What is modal and how does it functions in a sentence?
MODAL
Modal is one of the auxiliary verbs used to show and add the different meanings connected
with particular expressions
Pattern
Modals + Be
Modals + Verb 1
She may be sick. S+ Modal + be + Complement
She may go home. S+ Modal + V1
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To show request To show a request To show a polite request
e.g. Can I borrow e.g. Will you go with me? e.g. May I borrow your pen?
your car? o Offering
o Offering Would To show offering
To express an o Past willingness e.g. May I help you?
offering To show past willingness o Hopes and wishes
e.g. Can I do e.g. I would come to the party To show hopes and wishes
something for you? last night. about future
Could o Offering e.g. May God be with you.
o Past ability To show offering May you rest in peace.
To show ability in e.g. Would you like some tea?
the past o Request
e.g. I could play To show a request
basket ball e.g. Would you mind closing
when I was a the door?
child
o Polite request
To show a polite
request.
e.g. Could I borrow
your pen,
please?
o Certainty
To show certainty
e.g. John is absent,
he must be sick
today.
PAST MODAL
Unimplemented Past possibility Past certainty Past advisability
past ability To show possibility in To show certainty To show advisability in the
To show the past in the past past
unimplemented
ability in the past Pattern: Pattern: Pattern:
Might + Have Must+Have Should+Have+Been/Verb3
Pattern: +Been/Verb3 +Been/Verb3
Could + Have e.g. She did not pass her
+Been/Verb3 e.g. She was not here e.g. There was so exams last term, she should
yesterday, she might much noise last have studied hard.
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e.g. I could have have been sick. night;
gone home on time Our neighbor must
but the bus was have come back
late last night. from their holiday.
MODAL PROGRESSIVE
Present Past
Pattern: Pattern:
Modals + be +Verb- ing Modal Perfect + Have + Been Verb - ing
e.g. I should be sleeping now. e.g. He should have been sleeping at this time
yesterday
OTHER FORMS
Special occasion Mind cases
e.g. Everybody was died on the fire but e.g. Would you mind if I closed the door?
she was able to escape. (offering/permission)
Preference Would you mind closing the door? (request)
e.g. I would rather tell you about the Dare and Need case
news. Dare and Ned can used as modals.
Strong advice e.g. I need to drink some water. (Modal)
e.g. You had better go home now. I need water (Verb)
Strong expectation I dare not see the body. (Modal)
e.g. She is to be here, the class will start I dare you play this game. (Verb)
soon.
Typical suggestion
e.g. The play is boring; I may go home as
well.
QUANTIFIERS
We use them when we want to give someone information about the number of something: how
much or how many.
The following quantifiers The following quantifiers The following quantifiers will
will work with count nouns will work with non-count work with both count and
nouns non-count nouns
Exercise 5
Complete the following sentences using can/may/must/should and proper quantifiers.
1. My father is very smart. He ________ speak_________(much/many) languages.
2. Look! The girl is drinking_________(too many/too much) water. We ________ rescue her
now.
3. If you don‘t bring________(some / a) dictionary, you ________ borrow mine now.
Exercise 6
Give your responses or opinions to the following situations with the suitable modal
auxiliaries. Use your own words to express your ideas.
Exercise 7
Complete the following sentences with Modal Perfect.
1. The ground was wet this morning. It __________ (rain) last night.
2. John was absent yesterday. He __________ (be) sick.
3. Tom woke up late this morning. He ________ (sleep) earlier last night.
4. Susan __________ (win) the contest but she got an accident on the way to the stage last
month.
5. John got lost to my house last week. He __________ (take) the wrong bus.
Exercise 8
Choose the best choice to the following questions.
1. We ____ when the traffic light shows red.
a. must stop c. can stop
b. may stop d. ought to stop
2. He asked me whether he ____ my car to go to the party
a. must borrow c. may borrow
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b. might borrow d. would borrow
3. I could not find the museum you told me about. I ____ the wrong bus
a. must have taken c. might have taken
b. should have taken d. could have taken
4. She did not tell me where she ____ after classes.
a. would go c. might go
b. should go d. must go
5. ―Does Anton know that Myrna had an accident yesterday?‖
―I don‘t think so, we ____ him as soon as we were informed.‖
a. may have told c. should have told
b. must have told d. would have told
6. ―I can‘t find my phone book in my bag‖
―Well, you ____ in the car, let‘s take a look.‖
a. must leave c. can leave
b. will leave d. may leave
7. ―Don‘t you think the driver is speeding?‖
―Yes, I am afraid he ____ the lives of the passengers.‖
a. may endanger c. must endanger
b. should endanger d. can endanger
8. ―The players spent the night before the big match at a party.‖
―That was foolish of them, they ____ to bed early.‖
a. must have gone c. could have gone
b. should have gone d. would have gone
9. ―The oil was frozen, mother could not use it to fry the fish.
―I am sure, it ____ very cold last night.
a. must have been c. should have been
b. might have been d. could have been
10. She looks so hungry and weak. She ____ some food.
a. may buy c. will buy
b. must buy d. can buy
11. She missed the train yesterday. She ____ earlier.
a. would have left c. must have left
b. should have left d. might have left
12. ―She did not answer the phone when I called her.‖
―She ____ yesterday.‖
a. must have slept c. would have slept
b. could have slept d. should have slept
13. I did not know there was a test yesterday, you ____ me about it.
a. should have told c. could have told
b. might have told d. must have told
14. ―I wonder how old he is. He was Asti‘s classmate in 1985, so he ____ at least twenty five now.
a. will be c. can be
b. shall be d. may be
15. ―I am sorry I was not able to finish typing your paper.‖
―Well, it was my fault, I ____ you with too much work.‖
a. might not have burdened c. could not have burdened
b. should not have burdened d. must not have burdened
16. There are ......... monkeys in the zoo.
a. some c. an
b. much d. the
17. ................ boys are there in the team?
a. how much c. how little
b. How many d. How bit
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18. .............. money do you have?
a. how few c. how much
b. How many d. How a few
19. There is ......... sand in the bucket. So, we can‘t work on it.
a. Many c. no
b. b. Much d. few
20. There are ......... crumbs under the table.
a. A little c. much
b. b. A few d. few
Exercises 8
Some of the constructions of these sentences are incorrect. Please make correction, and then
practice the dialogue with your friends!
VISITING BudAi CAMPUS
Little days ago Rahmah and Laila, the fresh graduate students of senior high school, dropped in
UNISSULA. They wondered the term of BudAi promoted by the university located in the
Kaligawe Street, KM.4. When they entered the gate, they were amazed by the motto, ―Bismillah,
Raising Khaira Ummah Generation.‖ As soon as they got into the rectory building, they met the
security.
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Exercise 9
Could you please tell about BudAi in UNISSULA? Mention what rules should be implemented? Give
your opinion!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………
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References
Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1995. Understanding and Using English Grammar, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey
Cilad Team. 2014. English Module for English Tutorial Program, Sultan Agung Islamic
University, Semarang
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/determiners-and-
quantifiers/definite-article
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/pronouns/
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/pronouns
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/conjunctions.htm