SUMMARY

“SCIENCE”
Physics
Physics is the science of matter and its motion—the science that deals with
concepts such as force, energy, mass, and charge.
As an experimental science, its goal is to understand the natural world.
In one form or another, physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines; through its modern subfield
of astronomy, it may be the oldest of all.
Sometimes synonymous with philosophy, chemistry and even certain branches of mathematics and
biology during the last two millennia, physics emerged as a modern science in the 17th century and
these disciplines are now generally distinct, although the boundaries remain difficult to define.
Advances in physics often translate to the technological sector, and sometimes influence the other
sciences, as well as mathematics and philosophy.
For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism have led to the widespread use of
electrically driven devices (televisions, computers, home appliances etc.); advances in
thermodynamics led to the development of motorized transport; and advances in mechanics led to
the development of the calculus, quantum chemistry, and the use of instruments like the electron
microscope in microbiology.

What Is E-Waste?
E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their
"useful life." Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are
common electronic products. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or
recycled.
With the passage of the Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003, certain portions of
the electronic waste stream are defined and the systems to recover and recycle them
will be administratively regulated beyond the universal waste rules that apply to material
handling. Please refer to our regulatory information section for updates on laws,
regulations, and policies affecting e-waste management, and our and our Covered
Electronic Waste Recycling Program page for a detailed explanation of the Program.

E-Waste FAQs
Is "e-waste" clearly defined?
The term "e-waste" is loosely applied to consumer and business electronic equipment
that is near or at the end of its useful life. There is no clear definition for e-waste; for
instance whether or not items like microwave ovens and other similar "appliances"
should be grouped into the category has not been established.
Einstein's conversion from a belief in a static to an
expanding universe
Date:
February 17, 2014
Source:
Springer Science+Business Media
Summary:
Albert Einstein accepted the modern cosmological view that the universe is expanding long
after many of his contemporaries. Until 1931, physicist Albert Einstein believed that the
universe was static. An urban legend attributes this change of perspective to when American
astronomer Edwin Hubble showed Einstein his observations of redshift in the light emitted by
far away nebulae -- today known as galaxies. But the reality is more complex. The change in
Einstein’s viewpoint, in fact, resulted from a tortuous thought process. Now researchers
explain how Einstein changed his mind following many encounters with some of the most
influential astrophysicists of his generation.

Key Points

 Maxwell’s four equations describe how electric charges and currents create electric and
magnetic fields, and how they affect each other.
 Gauss’s law relates an electric field to the charge(s) that create(s) it.
 Gauss’s law for magnetism states that there are no “magnetic charges” analogous to
electric charges, and that magnetic fields are instead generated by magnetic dipoles.
 Faraday’s law describes how a time-varying magnetic field (or flux ) induces an electric
field. The principle behind this phenomenon is used in many electric generators.
 Ampere ‘s law originally stated that a magnetic field is created by an electrical current.
Maxwell added that a changing electric flux can also generate a magnetic field.

Key Terms

 differential equation: An equation involving the derivatives of a function.

 flux: A quantitative description of the transfer of a given vector quantity through a surface.
In this context, we refer to the electric flux and magnetic flux.

Maxwell’s Equations

Gauss’s Law

Gauss’s Law for Magnetism

The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Light is part of a spectrum of electromagnetic energy that
includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet "light", x
rays, and gamma rays. Electromagnetic energy travels as waves that vary in wavelength.
... Ultraviolet is shorter wavelengths than violet.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible wavelengths

of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from high energy gamma rays through visible
light and down to low energy radio waves. Various astronomical phenomena can only
be observed via specific wavelengths different from visible light.

harmful effect
A number of points about
the potential harmful effects of sun exposure are worth knowing.UNDERSTANDING
CANCER (1987)Studies have suggested that long-term exposure could
have harmful effects on human health.TIMES, SUNDAY TIMES (2015)This can
have harmful effects on fertility.

A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be
either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces
that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The
most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting
telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses,
suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex
and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified
or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances.

Five basic types of magnetism have been observed and classified on the basis of
the magnetic behavior of materials in response to magnetic fields at different temperatures.
These types of magnetism are: ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, antiferromagnetism,
paramagnetism, and diamagnetism.

The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons
that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body's electrical
wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system and
the peripheral nervous system
The nervous system has 3 main functions: sensory, integration, and motor.
Organism
Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants,
and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of
organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some
degree of response to stimuli.