HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

DISORDERS

ANXIETY DISORDER – is a psychological disorder that involves excessive levels of negative emotions, such as nervousness, tension, worry, fright,
and anxiety. It can cause such distress that it interferes with a person’s ability to lead a normal life.

Anxiety - is the unpleasant emotional state for which the cause is either not readily identified or perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable.

Fear – is an emotional and physiological response to a recognized external threat or a response to a real danger or threat.

Symptoms of an Anxiety Disorder?

 Feeling of panic, fear and uneasiness  Palpitations

 Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts  An inability to be still and calm
 Repeated thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic  Dry mouth
experiences  Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
 Nightmares  Nausea
 Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeated hand washing  Muscle tensions
 Problems sleeping  Dizziness
 Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet
 Shortness of breath

TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDER

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder – this involves excessive unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety.
Accordingly, symptoms include restlessness or feeling keyed up, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension and jitteriness, deep
disturbance, and unwanted, intrusive worries.

2. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - People with OCP are plagued with constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain
rituals or routines. The disturbing thoughts are called obsessions – are anxiety provoking thoughts that will go away (ex: one may have repetitive
thoughts of killing a child, of being contaminated by handshake, or of having unknowingly hurt someone in a traffic accident; and the rituals
are called compulsions - are irresistible urges to engage in behaviors. (ex: a person with an unreasonable fear of germs who constantly washes
his or her hands, compulsive counting, touching and checking.
3. Panic Disorder – This disorders keeps recurring attacks to a person of intense fear or panic, often with feelings of impending doom of death.
People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include
sweating, chest pain, palpitations (irregular heartbeats), and a feeling of choking which may make the person feel like he or she is having a
heart attack or going crazy.

4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or
physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, or a natural disaster. People with PTSD often have lasting and frightening thoughts and
memories of the event, and tend to be emotionally numb.

5. Specific Phobias – is an intense fear of a specific object or situations, such as snakes, heights, or flying. Phobia is an exaggerated, unrealistic
fear of a specific, activity, or object. Some specific phobias are:

Achluophobia Fear of darkness Autophobia Fear of being alone

Acrophobia Fear of heights Bacteriophobia Fear of bacteria
Aerophobia Fear of flying Barophobia Fear of gravity
Algophobia Fear of pain Bathmophobia Fear of stairs or steep slopes
Alektorophobia Fear of chickens Batrachophobia Fear of amphibians
Agoraphobia Fear of public spaces or crowds Belonephobia Fear of pins and needles
Aichmophobia Fear of needles or pointed objects Bibliophobia Fear of books
Amaxophobia Fear of riding in a car Botanophobia Fear of plants
Androphobia Fear of men Cacophobia Fear of ugliness
Anginophobia Fear of angina or choking Catagelophobia Fear of being ridiculed
Anthophobia Fear of flowers Catoptrophobia Fear of mirrors
Anthropophobia Fear of people or society Chionophobia Fear of snow
Aphenphosmphobia Fear of being touched Chromophobia Fear of colors
Arachnophobia Fear of spiders Chronomentrophobia Fear of clocks
Arithmophobia Fear of numbers Claustrophobia Fear of confined spaces
Astraphobia Fear of thunder and lightning Coulrophobia Fear of clowns
Ataxophobia Fear of disorder or untidiness Cyberphobia Fear of computers
Atelophobia Fear of imperfection Cynophobia Fear of dogs
Atychiphobia Fear of failure Dendrophobia Fear of trees
Dentophobia Fear of dentists Nosocomephobia Fear of hospitals
Domatophobia Fear of houses Nyctophobia Fear of the dark
 Dystychiphobia Fear of accidents Obesophobia Fear of gaining weight
Ecophobia Fear of the home Octophobia Fear of the figure 8
Elurophobia Fear of cats Ombrophobia Fear of rain
Entomophobia Fear of insects Ophidiophobia Fear of snakes
Ephebiphobia Fear of teenagers Ornithophobia Fear of birds
Equinophobia Fear of horses Papyrophobia Fear of paper
Gamophobia Fear of marriage Pathophobia Fear of disease
Genuphobia Fear of knees Pedophobia Fear of children
Glossophobia Fear of speaking in public Philophobia Fear of love
Gynophobia Fear of women Phobophobia Fear of phobias
Heliophobia Fear of the sun Podophobia Fear of feet
Hemophobia Fear of blood Pogonophobia Fear of beards
Herpetophobia Fear of reptiles Porphyrophobia Fear of the color purple
Hydrophobia Fear of water Pteridophobia Fear of ferns
Hypochondria Fear of illness Pteromerhanophobia Fear of flying
Iatrophobia Fear of doctors Pyrophobia Fear of fire
Insectophobia Fear of insects Samhainophobia Fear of Halloween
Koinoniphobia Fear of rooms full of people Scolionophobia Fear of school
Leukophobia Fear of the color white Selenophobia Fear of the moon
Lilapsophobia Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes Sociophobia Fear of social evaluation
Lockiophobia Fear of childbirth Somniphobia Fear of sleep
Mageirocophobia Fear of cooking Tachophobia Fear of speed
Megalophobia Fear of large things Technophobia Fear of technology
Melanophobia Fear of the color black Tonitrophobia Fear of thunder
Microphobia Fear of small things Trypanophobia Fear of needles or injections
Mysophobia Fear of dirt and germs Venustraphobia Fear of beautiful women
Necrophobia Fear of death or dead things Verminophobia Fear of germs
Fear of witches and
Noctiphobia Fear of the night Wiccaphobia
witchcraft
Xenophobia Fear of strangers or foreigners Zoophobia Fear of animals

6. Social Anxiety Disorder – This is also called social phobia. It involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social
situations. This worry often centers on a fear of being judged by others, or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or lead to ridicule.
Types of Anxiety according to Freud

1. Reality Anxiety – refers to fear of real dangers in the external world.

2. Neurotic Anxiety – refers to fear that instincts will get out of control and cause the person to do something for which he or she will be punished.
3. Moral Anxiety – is the fear of the conscience. People with well-developed superegos tend to feel guilty when they do something that is contrary
to the moral code by which they have been raised.

DELUSIONAL DISORDER: FALSE BELIEF

Delusional disorder is sometimes referred to as paranoia; delusions are false, sometimes even preposterous, beliefs that are not part of the
person’s culture. One might think he is Jesus Christ

Types of Delusional Disorder

1. Persecutory Type (Delusion of Persecution) – the person of this type believes that he or she is being threatened or mistreated by others.
2. Grandiose Type (Delusion of Granduer) – Victims of this disorder believe that they are extraordinarily important people or are possessed
with extraordinary power, knowledge or ability.
3. Jealous Type – this delusion centers on the suspected unfaithfulness of a spouse or sexual partner. This delusion is more common than others.
4. Erotomanic Type - is a type of delusional disorder where a person has an erotic delusion that he/she is loved by another person, especially by
someone famous or of higher status.
5. Somatic Type – the false belief focuses on a delusional physical abnormality or disorder. The somatic delusion relates to the patient’s body.
No matter what the mirror says, person suffering from this type of delusion believes his/her body is under attack. The attack can be from bugs,
bad odors, or just the belief that there is something terribly wrong with his/her body.
6. Guilt Delusion – this person believes he/she has done something terribly wrong. One extremely rare instance of this disease is called folie a
deux.

MOOD DISORDERS

Mood Disorders - Mood disorders are characterized by a serious change in mood that cause disruption to life activities. Though many different
subtypes are recognized, three major states of mood disorders exist: depressive, manic, and bipolar. Major depressive disorder is characterized by
overall depressed mood.
 What are the symptoms of a mood disorder?

a. Sadness b. Difficulty in sleeping c. Fatigue d. Hopelessness

e. Sense of inferiority f. despair g. dejection h. exaggerated guilt
i. Changes in appetite j. feeling of incompetence k. loss of interest l. inability to function
effectively

Types of Mood Disorder

1. Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness marked by extreme changes in mood from high to low, and from low to high. Highs are periods of mania,
while lows are periods of depression. The changes in mood may even become mixed, so you might feel elated and depressed at the same time. Bipolar
disorder isn’t a rare diagnosis. Symptoms tend to appear in a person’s late teens or early adult years, but they can occur in children as well. Women
are more likely to receive bipolar diagnoses than men, though the reason for this remains unclear.

Two Phases of Bipolar

A. Manic Phase - during the manic phase of this disorder, the patient may show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too
far. They may also show
7 Signs of Mania

Mania can cause other symptoms as well, but seven of the key signs of this phase of bipolar disorder are:
1. feeling overly happy or “high” for long periods of time
2. having a decreased need for sleep
3. talking very fast, often with racing thoughts
4. feeling extremely restless or impulsive
5. becoming easily distracted
6. having overconfidence in your abilities
7. engaging in risky behavior, such as having impulsive sex, gambling with life savings, or going on big spending sprees
7 signs of depression
Like mania, depression can cause other symptoms as well, but here are seven of the key signs of depression from bipolar disorder:
1. feeling sad or hopeless for long periods of time
2. withdrawing from friends and family
3. losing interest in activities that you once enjoyed
4. having a significant change in appetite
5. feeling severe fatigue or lack of energy
6. having problems with memory, concentration, and decision making
7. thinking about or attempting suicide, or having a preoccupation with death