FIVE NATURE ARTICLES ABSTRACTS – KEYWORD MAGNET

 Article
 Published: 04 November 2019

Computationally designed antibody–drug conjugates self-assembled via

affinity ligands

 Nimish Gupta,
 Aasif Ansari,
 Gaurao V. Dhoke,
 Maheshwerreddy Chilamari,
 Jwala Sivaccumar,
 Smita Kumari,
 Snigdha Chatterjee,
 Ravinder Goyal,
 Pradip Kumar Dutta,
 Mallik Samarla,
 Madhumita Mukherjee,
 Arindam Sarkar,
 Swadhin K. Mandal,
 Vishal Rai,
 Goutam Biswas,
 Aniruddha Sengupta,
 Sudip Roy,
 Monideepa Roy &
 Shiladitya Sengupta

Nature Biomedical Engineering volume 3, pages917–929(2019)Cite this article

 1861 Accesses
 2 Citations
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 An Author Correction to this article was published on 03 January 2020

 This article has been updated

Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of antibodies with
cytotoxic payloads. However, the present strategies for the synthesis of ADCs either
yield unstable or heterogeneous products or involve complex processes. Here, we
report a computational approach that leverages molecular docking and molecular
dynamics simulations to design ADCs that self-assemble through the non-covalent
binding of the antibody to a payload that we designed to act as an affinity ligand for
specific conserved amino acid residues in the antibody. This method does not
 require modifications to the antibody structure and yields homogenous ADCs that
form in less than 8 min. We show that two conjugates, which consist of hydrophilic
and hydrophobic payloads conjugated to two different antibodies, retain the structure
and binding properties of the antibody and its biological specificity, are stable in
plasma and improve anti-tumour efficacy in mice with non-small cell lung tumour
xenografts. The relative simplicity of the approach may facilitate the production of
ADCs for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads.

 Article
 Open Access
 Published: 24 January 2020

Terahertz Magneto-Optic Sensor/Imager

 Dmitry S. Bulgarevich,
 Yusuke Akamine,
 Miezel Talara,
 Valynn Mag-usara,
 Hideaki Kitahara,
 Hiroyuki Kato,
 Masaki Shiihara,
 Masahiko Tani &
 Makoto Watanabe

Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 1158 (2020) Cite this article
 375 Accesses
Abstract
We are reporting a new type of compact magneto-optic sensor constructed from
terahertz-wave spintronic emitter and electro-optic detector. The corresponding
terahertz polarization output of the emitter and the detection phase-sensitivity of the
detector depend on the vector of the external magnetic field. The emitter/detector
pair consists of two small and thin wafers sandwiched together and capped with a
thin gold mirror. As a result, the use of bulky terahertz steering/collection optics was
completely eliminated in our magneto-optic imager. With such simple on-chip
generation/detection scheme for terahertz time-domain setup in reflection-type
geometry, we were able to record the raster-scanned image contrast of a permanent
magnet in the proximity of the sensor surface. The contrast strongly varies with the
magnet orientation and its position with respect to the sensor. The imager spatial
resolution depends on chip optical quality for tight femtosecond-laser pump/probe
cross-focusing at detector/mirror interface and terahertz generation/detection
efficiency. In this respect, the chip robustness to the pump/probe fluences is also an
important factor to consider.

 Article
 Open Access
 Published: 10 February 2020

3D Patterning of cells in Magnetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

 V. Goranov,
 T. Shelyakova,
 R. De Santis,
 Y. Haranava,
 A. Makhaniok,
 A. Gloria,
 A. Tampieri,
 A. Russo,
 E. Kon,
 M. Marcacci,
 L. Ambrosio &
 V. A. Dediu

Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 2289 (2020) Cite this article
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Abstract
A three dimensional magnetic patterning of two cell types was realised in vitro inside
an additive manufactured magnetic scaffold, as a conceptual precursor for the
vascularised tissue. The realisation of separate arrangements of vascular and
osteoprogenitor cells, labelled with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles, was
established on the opposite sides of the scaffold fibres under the effect of non-
homogeneous magnetic gradients and loading magnetic configuration. The
magnetisation of the scaffold amplified the guiding effects by an additional trapping
of cells due to short range magnetic forces. The mathematical modelling confirmed
the strong enhancement of the magnetic gradients and their particular geometrical
distribution near the fibres, defining the preferential cell positioning on the micro-
scale. The manipulation of cells inside suitably designed magnetic scaffolds
represents a unique solution for the assembling of cellular constructs organised in
biologically adequate arrangements.

 Article
 Open Access
 Published: 13 January 2020

Programmed magnetic manipulation of vesicles into spatially coded

prototissue architectures arrays

 Qingchuan Li,
 Shubin Li,
 Xiangxiang Zhang,
  Weili Xu &
 Xiaojun Han

Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 232 (2020) Cite this article
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Abstract
In nature, cells self-assemble into spatially coded tissular configurations to execute
higher-order biological functions as a collective. This mechanism has stimulated the
recent trend in synthetic biology to construct tissue-like assemblies from protocell
entities, with the aim to understand the evolution mechanism of multicellular
mechanisms, create smart materials or devices, and engineer tissue-like biomedical
implant. However, the formation of spatially coded and communicating micro-
architectures from large quantity of protocell entities, especially for lipid vesicle-
based systems that mostly resemble cells, is still challenging. Herein, we
magnetically assemble giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) or cells into various
microstructures with spatially coded configurations and spatialized cascade
biochemical reactions using a stainless steel mesh. GUVs in these tissue-like
aggregates exhibit uncustomary osmotic stability that cannot be achieved by
individual GUVs suspensions. This work provides a versatile and cost-effective
strategy to form robust tissue-mimics and indicates a possible superiority of protocell
colonies to individual protocells.

 Article
 Open Access
 Published: 04 February 2020

Development of Magnetic Probe for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in

Laparoscopic Navigation for Gastric Cancer Patients

 Akihiro Kuwahata,
 Ryo Tanaka,
 Sachiko Matsuda,
 En Amada,
 Tomoyuki Irino,
 Shuhei Mayanagi,
 Shinichi Chikaki,
 Itsuro Saito,
 Norio Tanabe,
 Hirofumi Kawakubo,
 Hiroya Takeuchi,
 Yuko Kitagawa,
 Moriaki Kusakabe &
 Masaki Sekino
 Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 1798 (2020) Cite this article
 134 Accesses
Abstract
New laparoscopic sentinel lymph node navigation using a dedicated magnetic probe
and magnetic nanoparticle tracer for gastric cancer patients allows minimally
invasive surgeries. By identifying the sentinel lymph nodes containing magnetic
nanoparticles, patients can avoid excessive lymph node extraction without nuclear
facilities and radiation exposure. This paper describes the development of the
laparoscopic magnetic probe, ACDC-probe, for laparoscopic sentinel lymph node
identification utilizing the nonlinear response of the magnetic nanoparticles
magnetized by an alternating magnetic field with a static magnetic field. For highly
sensitive detection, the ratio of static to alternating magnetic fields was optimized to
approximately 5. The longitudinal detection length was approximately 10 mm for 140
μg of iron, and the detectable amount of iron was approximately 280 ng at a distance
of 1 mm. To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic detection using the ACDC-
probe and magnetic tracers, an experiment was performed on a wild swine. The
gastric sentinel lymph node was clearly identified during laparoscopic navigation.
These results suggest that the newly developed ACDC-probe is useful for
laparoscopic sentinel lymph node detection and this magnetic technique appears to
be a promising method for future sentinel lymph node navigation of gastric cancer
patients.