T.Z.A.

SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’S

PRAGATI COLLEGE OF ARTS & COMMERCE,
DOMBIVLI (E)
A Project Report
On
“STUDY OF INVESTMENT PLANNING AMONG WORKING WOMENS”

A Project Submitted to

University of Mumbai for Completion of the Degree of

Master in commerce

Under the Faculty of commerceBy

Ajay Shanku Patil.

Roll No.52

M.com Part- II

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Avinash Shendre

P.G. Co-ordinate
Vice-Principal

Pragati Collage of Arts & Commerce

D.N.C Road, Dattanager, Dombivali(E) 421201

APRIL-2019
 T.Z.A. SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’S
PRAGATI COLLEGE OF ARTS & COMMERCE,
DOMBIVLI (E)

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that MR. AJAY SHANKU PATIL. Has worked and duly
completed her project work for degree of Master in Commerce under the Faculty of
Commerce in the subject of Financial Management and her projects is entitled,
“STUDY OF INVESTMENT PLANNING AMONG WORKING WOMENS”
Under my supervision.

I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my
guidance and that no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree or
diploma any university.

It is her own work and fact reported by her personal finding and investigation.

Name and signature of Guiding Teacher

(Dr. AVINASH SHENDRE) PRINCIPLE

(P.G. Co_Ordinator& Vice Principle)
(Dr. A.P. MAHAJAN)

Name & Signature External Examiner

 DECLARTION BY LEARNER

I the undersigned MR. AJAY SHANKU PATIL. hereby, declare

that the work embodied in this project work titled “A STUDY OF
INVESTMENT PLANNING AMONG WORKING WOMENS”
from my own contribution to the research work carried out under the
guidance of Dr, Avinash Shendre is a result of my own research
work and has not been previously submitted by any other university
for any other Degree/ Diploma to this or any other University.

Wherever refrence has been made to previous works of others, it has

been clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.

I, hereby further declare that all information of this document has

been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and
ethical conduct.

Name & Signature of the learner

Certified by,

Name and Signature of the Guiding Teacher

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so

numerous and the depth is so enormous.

I would like to acknowledge the following as being channels and

fresh dimensions in the completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving

the chance to do this project.

I would like to thank my Principal, Dr. A.P. Mahajan for providing

the necessary facilities required for completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator Dr. Avinash

Shendre for this moral support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project

guide Dr. Avinash Shendre whose guidance and care made the
project successful.

I would like to thank my college Library: Trupti Tulsankar for

having provided various references books and magazines related to
my project.

Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly and
indirectly helped me in the completion of the project especially My
parents and Peers who support me throughout my project.
 INDEX

Chapter no. Title of the chapter Page No.

Chapter no. 1 Introduction 6
1.1 Selection and Relevance of the problem 1
1.2 Historical Background 8
1.3 Features of Investment 15
1.4 Brief Profile 26
1.5 Definition of related topic 33
1.6 Characteristics 38
1.7 Different concepts pertaining 40
Chapter no. 2 Research Methodology 42
2.1 Objective of the study 42
2.2 Hypothesis of the study 43
2.3 Scope of the study 44
2.4 Limitations of the study 44
2.5 Significance of the study 45
2.6 Sample size 45
2.7 Data Collection 46
2.8 Techniques and tools to be used 46
Chapter no. 3 Literature Review 47
Chapter no. 4 Data Analysis, Interpretation and presentation 62
Summary of Findings, Interpretation and
Chapter no.5 100
Presentation
5.1 Findings of the study 100
5.2 Conclusion drawn from study 104
5.3 Suggestions 106
5.4 Bibliography
Appendix
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION- 1

1.1 Selection and relevance of problem

Women’s position in society has been changing over the last few decades.
Today women are better educated and earn more money than before, which has
increased women’s influence on financial decision in families. The interest in
investing has been increasing while the households have become more
prosperous. The results showed that the investor’s age, financial situation,
attitude towards risks and the phase of life affect investment behavior.This
research is carried out primarily to find out the attitude of women investors
towards the risk and return and the process of financial planning process
undertaken by these investors.

This research also provides an insight into

the needs and wants of women investors with respect to the kind of portfolio of
investment they are looking for and understand their financial requirements in
life. As this research is also provides the information about the financial
planning process of women investors it becomes extremely essential to
understand the process as a whole. Financial planning is the process of meeting
goals of life through proper management of finances of an individual. Financial
planning provides direction and meaning to financial decisions. It helps in
understanding how each financial decision one makes affects other areas of
finances. By viewing each financial decision as part of a whole, short and long-
term effects on the life goals can be evaluated.

In this particular project we can find what

the pattern of business women’s is. How the business women’s are investing
their money and in which sector they are investing the most. If they are ready to
take risk or not for the high returns. So to find out the answer of all this
questions I select this topic as a project study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Each and every person can be specifically differentiated on various parameters.

Their investment decisions depend on their various attributes. There are so
many factors that influence their investment decisions. Women have move
ahead 7 from their iconic role within the family. With the changing role of
Indian women, there are every possibility that decision regarding investment
with their surplus money may be different, depending on the parameters of the
investment instruments, degree of risk taking capabilities and advice of others
like husband, family members, friends and colleagues. In this modern world
investment is being an important part of the human life. Women investors
should select the best among various investment alternatives. Nowa-days many
private sector banks and financial institutions have also entered and introduced
new investment schemes and attractive rate of interest to give maximum
satisfaction to investors. Moreover, general profile of women investors is
changing in tune with time. But they lag in various spheres of investment such
as awareness and preference of investment. So, an attempt has been made by the
researcher to identify the factors influencing women investors’ behavior to
evaluate the level of awareness among women investors and to analyze the
preference of women investor towards various investment outlets. The women
investors have a great dilemma in investment and selecting their best investment
channel. Hence it is needed to analyze the women investors’ satisfaction
towards various investments. Hence this study has started to measure the
women investors’ satisfaction level, which provides maximum satisfaction to
them.
 1.2 Historical background

1590s, “act of putting on Investments” (a sensenowfound in investiture);

later“act of beinginvestedwith an office,right,endowment,etc.” (1640s);
and“surroundingandbesieging of a militarytarget” (1811); seeinvest + -ment.
Commercialsense is from 1610s, originally of thefinances of
theEastIndiaCompany;generaluse is from 1740 in thesense of “conversion of
money to property in hopes of profit,”and by 1837 in thesense“amount of
money so invested;propertyviewed as a vehicleforprofit.”Forevolution of
commercialsenses,seeinvest. The Code of Hammurabi (around 1700 BC)
provided a legal framework for investment, establishing a means for the
pledge of collateral by codifying debtor and creditor rights in regard to
pledged land. Punishments for breaking financial obligations were not as
severe as those for crimes involving injury or death. In the early 1900s
purchasers of stocks, bonds, and other securities were described in media,
academia, and commerce as speculators. By the 1950s, the term investment
had come to denote the more conservative end of the securities spectrum,
while speculation was applied by financial brokers and their advertising
agencies to higher risk securities much in vogue at that time.

Since the last half of the 20th century, the terms

speculation and speculator have specifically referred to higher risk ventures.
Thepastrelationshipbetween a broker-dealerand an investor.Rules of
theNationalAssociation of SecuritiesDealersrequire a consideration of
investmenthistory in makingjudgmentsconcerningtheadequacy of an
underwriter’sperformance in issuing securities.Forexample,sale of a hot
issue to certain accounts generally must conform to the investment history
of thoseaccounts.In the financial industry, there are two concepts that form
the basis of most transactional activities. One is savings and the other is
investments. There is a huge difference between the two concepts when it
comes to execution. Investment in terms of financial context, means any
money that is spent today in the hope of financial benefits that may be
reaped in a future time frame. Any investment is the act of buying or
creating assets with an expectation that the same would yield interest
earnings or dividend or capital appreciation or any other return that is
profitable as compared to the money put in initially. Almost all investments
are differentiated from other kinds of transactions based on the aim of the
money spent Money spent on making investments is primarily with the aim
of obtaining some sort of return in a specific period of time. A lot of times
people confuse savings with investments. Savings and investment are
different from each other in their approach of utilizing the money involved.
While saving may be understood as a passive way of accumulating wealth,
investment can be seen as a more aggressive way of securing returns.
Mostly, under savings, customers avail a savings account and stash away
cash in that account. This cash can be used as and when required by the
account holder.
 Introduction

Investment is an interesting activity that attracts all people irrespective of

their occupation, education and social status. If a person has more money
than his/her current needs can be deposited their surplus money in the
bank account to earn a fixed rate of interest or buy gold or purchase shares.
The term “Investment” means the net additions to the economy’s capital
stock which consists of goods and services that are used in the production of
other goods and services. In the financial sense, investment is the allocation
of monetary resources to assets that are expected to yield some gain or
positive return over a given period of time. Traditionally investment is
distinguished from speculation in three ways namely risk, capital gain and
time period. The main aim of an investor may be of capital appreciation and
regular returns. The capital appreciation occurs when an investment is sold
out at a higher price as compared to the original purchase price of an
instrument. The regular return from investment is derived in the form of
interest or dividend. An individual also makes indirect investment, for
retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and pension, life
insurance policy, investment company securities and securities of Unit Trust
of India. Individuals have no control over these investments. The investor
analyses the past movements of share price, volume of transaction, ability
of the company and the like.
 Investors include both men and women; both
of them take active part in investments. While being as a housewife, even
without education, women had invested in jewels or became a member of a
chit or lent to neighbours and like. But now women have education, have
their own lending and have their own investment Women may invest either
in financial or non-financial investments, such as recurring deposits, or Fixed
deposits, or Children plans in banks, shares or Debentures in Companies,
Units in Mutual funds, Schemes of Life Insurance Corporation or Unit Trust
of India or Jewels, Land, Buildings, and the like. They may be having
different aspirations and expectations from their investments. As far as Din
Digul District is concerned, there are a number of job opportunities for
women. A number of aided schools, matriculation schools, Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE) schools, Arts colleges, Engineering Colleges,
Polytechnic colleges, Government organization like Bharat Sanchar Nigam
Limited (BSNL) and like, are located in Din Digul district providing a large
number of job opportunities to all especially women. Irrespective of the
place and distance, many women are willing to work. They have got
independence in earnings, savings and investment.

In the financial industry, there are two concepts that form the basis of most
transactional activities. One is savings and the other is investments. There is
a huge difference between the two concepts when it comes to execution.

Investment in terms of financial context, means any money that is spent

today in the hope of financial benefits that may be reaped in a future time
frame. Any investment is the act of buying or creating assets with an
expectation that the same would yield interest earnings or dividend or
capital appreciation or any other return that is profitable as compared to
the money put in initially. Almost all investments are differentiated from
other kinds of transactions based on the aim of the money spent. Money
spent on making investments is primarily with the aim of obtaining some
sort of return in a specific period of time.

A lot of times people confuse savings with investments. Savings and

investment are different from each other in their approach of utilizing the
money involved. While saving may be understood as a passive way of
accumulating wealth, investment can be seen as a more aggressive way of
securing returns. Mostly, under savings, customers avail a savings account
and stash away
cash in that
account. This
cash can be
used as and
when required
by the account
holder.

Investment
Plans for
Women’s:-
Women, in fact,
need to plan more compared to men because they have more breaks in
their career. This includes breaks when they have a child and some women
even take a break to take care of the elderly. Many women also pay for
their own weddings. So, some planning is needed for this too. Women need
to master the art of investing, in order to stay financially independent and
also to ensure that their goals are always in line with the family’s goals. So,
is there an age where women should start looking at investments? Actually,
there is no particular age to start saving and investing. The earlier you start
the better it is. This holds true whether or not you’re a woman.

In Your 20s
In their 20s, women choose their career path which sets the tone for their
future. Equities can be a good investment choice in your 20s, as you can
take more risk when you are young. You can choose to invest in Equity
Mutual Funds for your long-term goals as Mutual Funds give you the benefit
of professionals managing your money. You also need to take a suitable
Health Insurance plan at this age. This will take care of your medical
emergencies. You must also make sure that you have sufficient Money
Market Funds or Liquid Funds to help you during emergencies. This should
be the right stage to decide your long-term goals. Plan in such a way that
the long-term investments that you make, give you good returns at the right
time.

In Your 30s
At this age, women are usually married and might even have children. They
have the additional responsibility of caring for a family. Women must
remain invested in Mutual Funds and should also hold Life Insurance
policies. One Life Insurance policy for each earning member in the family is a
must. It is also important to invest for your children’s future. Mutual Fund
Systematic Investment Plans (SIP) are a good way to start. You can, of
course, choose the SukanyaSamriddhiYojana, if you have a girl child. And
you can choose to invest in real estate. However, it will be prudent to buy a
home to live in before investing in real estate. Taking a joint Home Loan will
give you higher eligibility. Some banks give concessional interest rates to
women. Make use of this.
Another important point is that some women buy gold jewellery as they
consider it to be a good investment. Gold jewellerydoesn’t have great resale
value because of wastage and other charges. Investment in gold should
always be in the form of coins or bars. You could even invest in gold Mutual
Funds.

In Your 40s
In your 40s you’re probably thinking about funding your kid’s higher
education. If you think you haven’t saved enough for it, consider an
Education Loan. This loan gives you tax benefits under Section 80E of the
Income Tax Act. If not, loans against property or Fixed Deposit are a better
option. These come at a lower interest rate. Never use your retirement
savings to fund your child’s education because it will be difficult to rebuild
those savings. Once you have used your savings to fund some of your goals,
the money you were using to save for these goals should be redirected to
your retirement savings.

In Your 50s
As you near your retirement, you should start moving some of your risky
investments to safer avenues such as Debt Mutual Funds. But don’t give up
investing in equities yet. Inflation will have a huge impact on your savings
once you retire and equities are the only investments that can save you in
the long run. Ensure that you have set up different income sources so that
you don’t run the risk of lower returns from one income source.
You can consider investing in Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) once you
retire. This is offered by the post office and is considered safe and stable.
You can extend your Public Provident Fund too.
Additional Reading:
Best Ways to Invest After Retirement Choosing the right investment options
at the right age will help keep yourself and your family financially secure.

FEATURES OF INVESTMENT

1.Safety of principal

Safety of funds invested is one of the essential ingredients of a good

investment programme. Safety of principal signifies protection against any
possible loss under the changing conditions. Safety of principal can be
achieved through a careful review of economic and industrial trends before
choosing the type of investment. It is clear that no one can make a forecast
of future economic conditions with utmost precision. To safeguard against
certain errors that may creep in while making an investment decision,
extensive diversification is suggested. The main objective of diversification is
the reduction of risk in the loss of capital and income. A diversified portfolio
is less risky than holding a single portfolio.
Diversification refers to an assorted approach to investment commitments.
Diversification may be of two types, namely,

Vertical diversification; and

 Horizontal diversification.
Under vertical diversification, securities of various companies engaged in
different stages of production (from raw material to finished products) are
chosen for investment.

2. Liquidity and Collateral value

A liquid investment is one which can be converted into cash immediately

without monetary loss. Liquid investments help investors meet
emergencies. Stocks are easily marketable only when they provide adequate
return through dividends and capital appreciation. Portfolio of liquid
investments enables the investors to raise funds through the sale of liquid
securities or borrowing by offering them as collateral security. The investor
invests in high grade and readily saleable investments in order to ensure
their liquidity and collateral value.

3. Stable income

Investors invest their funds in such assets that provide stable income.
Regularity of income is consistent with a good investment programme. The
income should not only be stable but also adequate as well.

4. Capital growth

One of the important principles of investment is capital appreciation. A

company flourishes when the industry to which it belongs is sound. So, the
investors, by recognizing the connection between industry growth and
capital appreciation should invest in growth stocks. In short, right issue in
the right industry should be bought at the right time.
5. Tax implications

While planning an investment programme, the tax implications related to it

must be seriously considered. In particular, the amount of income an
investment provides and the burden of income tax on that income should
be given a serious thought. Investors in small income brackets intend to
maximize the cash returns on their investments and hence they are hesitant
to take excessive risks. On the contrary, investors who are not particular
about cash income do not consider tax implications seriously.

6. Stability of Purchasing Power

Investment is the employment of funds with the objective of earning

income or capital appreciation. In other words, current funds are sacrificed
with the aim of receiving larger amounts of future funds. So, the investor
should consider the purchasing power of future funds. In order to maintain
the stability of purchasing power, the investor should analyse the expected
price level inflation and the possibilities of gains and losses in the
investment available to them.

7. Legality

The investor should invest only in such assets which are approved by law.
Illegal securities will land the investor in trouble. Apart from being satisfied
with the legality of investment, the investor should be free from
management of securities. In case of investments in Unit Trust of India and
mutual funds of Life Insurance Corporation, the management of funds is left
to the care of a competent body. It will diversify the pooled funds according
to the principles of safety, liquidity and stability.
Value investment

A value investor buys assets that they believe to be undervalued (and sells
overvalued ones). To identify undervalued securities, a value investor uses
analysis of the financial reports of the issuer to evaluate the security. Value
investors employ accounting ratios, such as earnings per share and sales
growth, to identify securities trading at prices below their worth.

Warren Buffett and Benjamin Graham are notable examples of value

investors. Graham and Dodd's seminal work, Security Analysis, was written
in the wake of the Wall Street Crash of 1929.

The price to earnings ratio (P/E), or earnings multiple, is a particularly

significant and recognized fundamental ratio, with a function of dividing the
share price of stock, by its earnings per share. This will provide the value
representing the sum investors are prepared to expend for each dollar of
company earnings. This ratio is an important aspect, due to its capacity as
measurement for the comparison of valuations of various companies. A
stock with a lower P/E ratio will cost less per share than one with a higher
P/E, taking into account the same level of financial performance; therefore,
it essentially means a low P/E is the preferred option.[7]

An instance in which the price to earnings ratio has a lesser significance is

when companies in different industries are compared. For example,
although it is reasonable for a telecommunications stock to show a P/E in
the low teens, in the case of hi-tech stock, a P/E in the 40s range is not
unusual. When making comparisons, the P/E ratio can give you a refined
view of a particular stock valuation.
For investors paying for each dollar of a company's earnings, the P/E ratio is
a significant indicator, but the price-to-book ratio (P/B) is also a reliable
indication of how much investors are willing to spend on each dollar of
company assets. In the process of the P/B ratio, the share price of a stock is
divided by its net assets; any intangibles, such as goodwill, are not taken
into account. It is a crucial factor of the price-to-book ratio, due to it
indicating the actual payment for tangible assets and not the more difficult
valuation of intangibles. Accordingly, the P/B could be considered a
comparatively conservative metric.

Free cash flow and capital structure

Free cash flow measures the cash a company generates which is available to
its debt and equity investors, after allowing for reinvestment in working
capital and capital expenditure. High and rising free cash flow therefore
tend to make a company more attractive to investors.

The debt-to-equity ratio is an indicator of capital structure. A high

proportion of debt, reflected in a high debt-to-equity ratio, tends to make a
company's earnings, free cash flow, and ultimately the returns to its
investors, more risky or ((volatile. Investors compare a company's debt-to-
equity ratio with those of other companies in the same industry, and
examine trends in debt-to-equity ratios and free cash flow.

EBITDA

A popular valuation metric is Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and

Amortization (EBITDA), with application for example to valuing unlisted
companies and mergers and acquisitions.[8]
For an attractive investment, for example a company competing in a high
growth industry, an investor might expect a significant acquisition premium
above book value or current market value, which values the company at
several times the most recent EBITDA. A private equity fund for example
may buy a target company for a multiple of its historical or forecasted
EBITDA, perhaps as much as 6 or 8 times.

In certain cases, an EBITDA may be sacrificed by a company, in order for the

pursuance of future growth; a strategy frequently used by corporate giants,
such as, Amazon, Google and Microsoft, among others. This is a business
decision that can impact negatively on buyout offers, founded on EBITDA
and can be the cause of many negotiations, failing. It may be recognized as a
valuation breach, with many investors maintaining that sellers are too
demanding, while buyers are regarded as failing to realize the long-term
potential of, expenditure or acquisitions

Advantages

Investing is the process of making your money work for you, instead of
simply sitting safely in the back, and it is increasingly a necessity of modern
life. It is frequently no longer possible for an individual to work in one job all
their life and retire on their pension. People move from job to job, or from
career to career, and due to government cutbacks the responsibility for
providing for their retirement falls increasingly on the individual. By
investing your money wisely you can make a profit that you can then re-
invest or put aside as a nest-egg. A good return on an investment can
maximise earning potential.

Disadvantages

The major disadvantage of investing is that it is always possible to lose

money on whatever investment you make. If you invest in a rare collectible,
the value of it can rise or fall depending on its popularity and its availability
on the market. Stock prices fluctuate based on everything from how the
competition is doing to public confidence in the market. 2008 demonstrated
how even house prices, traditionally the most secure investment, are not a
guaranteed return.

Warning

An investment shouldn't be a gamble. The investor should research the

market where they are investing thoroughly before they ever decide to
commit their money. Although there is always a risk that the vagaries of the
market will result in the investor losing money, they should always have a
reasonable expectation that they will make a profit when they make the
investment.
Investments made in the finance industry can be divided into two distinct
types namely,
Traditional
and
Alternative.
Let us look
into each of
these types
one by one
and see what
investment
categories fall
into which
type. Investing
in well-known financial products falls into the category of traditional
investments. These include bonds, shares, real estate etc. These are
categories which are quite popular among investors as active investment
strategies to make your money grow. Following are the investment products
that fall under the category of traditional investment.

Traditional Investment
Stocks
Bonds
Deposits

Alternative Investment
Real Estate
Private Equity
Collectibles (Valuables)
Gold jewellery, bullions, coins etc.(Check for Gold Rates Place Wise)
Silver jewellery, coins etc.(Check for Silver Rates Place Wise)
Other precious metals and gems
Antique Collectibles
Paintings
Hedge Funds
Structured Product
 Types of investors

There are three

basic types of
investors, retail investors,institutional investors and high net worth individual
investor-

Retail investors

Individuals gambling in games of chance.

Individual investors (including trusts on behalf of individuals, and umbrella

companies formed by two or more to pool investment funds)

Collectors of art, antiques, and other things of value

 Angel investors (individuals and groups)

Sweat equity investor

High-net-worth individual (HNWI)

Is a term used by some segments of the financial services industry to designate

persons whose investible assets (such as stocks and bonds) exceed a given
amount? Typically, these individuals are defined as holding financial assets
(excluding their primary residence) with a value greater than US$1 million.

However, there are distinct classifications of HNWI and the exact dividing
lines depend on how a bank wishes to segment its market. For example, an
investor with less than US$1 million but more than US$100,000 is
consideredto be "affluent", or perhaps even "Sub-HNWI".[1] "Very-HNWI"
(VHNWI) can refer to someone with a net worth of at least US$5 million.[4]

By 2007, the expansion of HNWI assets ledto the creationof a super class of
HNWIs, known as ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs), i.e. those with
US$30 million in liquid financial assets according to the Cap Gemini and
Merrill Lynch World Wealth Report 2006or with a disposable income of
more than US$20 million.

At the end of 2017, there were estimated to be just over 15 million HNWIs
in the world. The United States had the highest number of HNWIs
 (5,047,000) of any country, while New York City had the most HNWIs
(393,500) among cities.

Institutional investors

Venture capital and private equity funds, which serve as investment

collectives on behalf of individuals, companies, pension plans, insurance
reserves, or other funds.

Businesses that make investments, either directly or via a captive fund

Investment trusts, including real estate investment trusts

Mutual funds, hedge funds, and other funds, ownership of which may or may
not be publicly traded (these funds typically pool money raised from their
owner-subscribers to invest in securities)

Sovereign wealth funds

Investors might also be classified according to their styles. In this respect, an

important distinctive investor psychology trait is risk attitude.
 1.4 Profile of study area

Dombivli is a city in the Thane District of Maharashtra state in Konkan division,

located about 48 km from Mumbai CST and is a part of Mumbai Metropolitan
Region (MMR). The population of the Kalyan-Dombivli City at the 2011 census
counted to 1,246,381 (52% males and 48% females). It is part of Kalyan-
Dombivli and falls under Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Dombivli is
located at 19.218433°N 73.086718°E. It has an average elevation of 13.534
metres (44.403 feet). The land here is rough and rocky by nature. The climate is
warm and humid. Dombivli is served by Mumbai Suburban railway network,
i.e. it lies on the main line of the central section of Mumbai suburban railway
network. Built in 1886, and it is one of the busiest stations on the Central line
and witnesses a footfall of more than 3 lakh commuters daily.[1] Though none
of the long journey express trains halt here, it is well connected to Mumbai and
Navi Mumbai through Thane. Dombivli is the busiest railway station on the
central line in Mumbai suburban railway network. Though during rush hours
the station is an unacceptably over crowded affai

Dombivli's’history dates back to the medieval period and no major

archaeological evidences of her early habitation have been found. The earliest
inhabitant known was addalal. Dombivli was first documented in the year 1075
by King HarpalDev on stone inscriptions, situated at Mahul village near the
Turbhe port. However, the stone writings in Dombivli referring to its existence
during the years 1396-97 confirms the fact. The Portuguese stationed
themselves at several places when they came to Dombivli. Existence of
Dombivli can also be traced back approximately in the year 1730 during the
Peshwa rule. In the 19th century, farmers cultivated paddy and sold it in the
areas from Kalyan to Mumbai. Dombivli's’history dates back to the medieval
period and no major archaeological evidences of her early habitation have
been found.The earliest

inhabitant known was addalal. Dombivli was first documented in the year 1075
by King HarpalDev on stone

Inscriptions, situated at Mahul village near the Turbhe port. However, the
stone writings in Dombivli referring to its existence during the years 1396-97
confirms the fact.The Portuguese stationed themselves at several places when
they came to Dombivli. Existence of Dombivli can also be traced back
approximately in the year 1730 during the Peshwa rule. In the 19th century,
farmers cultivated paddy and sold it in the areas from Kalyan to Mumbai.
Dombivli's’history dates back to the medieval period and no major
archaeological evidences of her early habitation have been found.The earliest
inhabitant known was addalal. Dombivli was first documented in the year 1075
by King HarpalDev on stone inscriptions, situated at Mahul village near the
Turbhe port.
 MIDC celebrates 50 years of Industrial supremacy:

The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation has completed 50

years of it existence on the 1st August, 2012. MIDC units have not just
reached this milestone, but it can look back with justifiable pride at
having brought about a most welcome transformation of the hinterland
of Maharashtra in the very important sector of industrialization. It has
been universally acknowledged that MIDC units has played a pioneering
role in not just taking the state of Maharashtra to the forefront in the
century, but also in sustaining that position through the years
particularly in the face of stiff competition and challenges from other
states. There are number of achievements made by MIDC units in these
50 years of service, Following are some of the valuable achievements of
MIDC units in state of Maharashtra.

1. MIDC units help to maintain balanced industrial development in the state.

2. MIDC units built 233 industrial complexes on 1, 55,676 acres of land.

3. MIDC units installed capacity of water treatment plan 2,045 MLD.

4. MIDC Units constructed more than 2,800 kms of roads

5. MIDC Units enabled Maharashtra state to contribute 25 per cent of the
countries

Industrial output and 23.2 per cent of its GDP in 2010-11.

6. Due to MIDC units, Maharashtra state contributes one third share of India’s
total

FDI.

7. MIDC units enable Maharashtra state to be an Eco-friendly state.

8. India’s best I.T. park at Hinjewadi, Pune is contributed by MIDC units.

9. MIDC units constructed State of the art fire stations in state of Maharashtra.

10. MIDC units is India’s largest Gems and jewellery export zone at SEEPZ,
Mumbai. Location:
 The Dombivali industrial area was
established by MIDC in 1964. The Dombivali MIDC occupies an area of about
347.88 Hector. And is
approachable from Mumbai-
Pune National Highway- 4 via
the Kalyan-ShilPhata and also
from Mumbai-Agra National
Highway -3 via the Bhiwandi-
Kalyan Road and it is about
45.00 km from Mumbai
International Airport and 15.00 km from Thane city. This area is 3.00 km from
Dombivali railway station and 5.00 km from Kalyan junction on the central
railway. This area comprises of revenue villages like Sagaon-Sonarpada, Asde-
Golivali, Gajbandhan-Patharli and Chole in Kalyantahasil, Thane district. The
area is located on the Kalyan-Shil and Kalyan-Dombivali roads. In this area,
industrial plots and sheds have been developed as Phase-I and II and
residential and commercial plots/area in between & surrounding Phase-I &
Phase-II. Dombivli referring to its existence during the years 1396-97 confirms
the fact. The Portuguese stationed themselves at several places when they
came to Dombivli. Existence of Dombivli can also be traced back approximately
in the year 1730 during the Peshwa rule. In the 19th century, farmers cultivated
paddy and sold it in the areas from Kalyan to Mumbai. Today, Dombivli is well
known for rapid industrial growth with major dyes, paints, chemical, and heavy
metal factories based in the industrial part of the town. Some of the well
known ones are Gharda Chemicals, Vicco Labs, Lloyd Steel, and Deepak
Fertilizers. The 1980s saw Dombivli growing into a crowded and saturated city
due to industrial development under the plan. The industries have been
developed in two phases so far, and new plans have been proposed.The town
has three railway stations under its jurisdiction: Dombivli Railway Station,
Thakurli Railway Station, and the Kopar Bridge Railway Station. Dombivli is
served by all local trains terminating at stations beyond Thane, and it is a stop
for all major fast local trains.Dombivli also has the honour of becoming the first
fully "literate" ”own in Maharashtra and the second in Asia. Over a hundred
schools offer primary and secondary education, and over a dozen are affiliated
with the University of Mumbai. A couple of colleges also offer technical
education and are affiliated with the Board of Technical Examination,
Mumbai.The town has produced fine literature, classical music, plays, poetry,
and actors. Some of them are ReemaLagu,
UrmilaMatonkar,TejashreePradhan,BhauKadam,KushalBadrike, etc.

Educational Institutions:
VidyaNiketan School
AdarshaVidyalaya
AbhinavVidyalay& Junior College, MIDC, Dombivli(E)
ChandrakantPatkarVidyalaya - Dombivli (Branch -Raja ShivajiVidyalayaDadar)
The South Indian Association School& Jr. College(SIAS)
Swami VivekanandVidyamandir(6 Branches)
Instituions run by the KeralayeeaSamajam
Sister Nivedita English & Marathi School - Dombivli
S.S Jondhale Polytechnic - Dombivli
S.H Jondhale College of Engineering - Dombivli
S.V Joshi High School - Dombivli
ManjunathaVidyalaya, Dombivli(E)
MahilaSamiti English High School - Thakurli
More Commerce Classes - a reputed institution providing up to date coaching
in the field of commerce
 1.5 Definitions

“An investment is an asset or item acquired with the goal of generating income or
appreciation. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are
not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an
investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide
income in the future or will later be sold at a higher price for a profit.”

‘The outlay of money usually for income or profit:capital outlay; also:the

sum invested or the property purchased.’

‘Thepurchase of propertywiththeexpectationthatitsvaluewillincreaseovertime.’

‘A thing that is worth buying because it may be profitable or useful in the future.’

-Freezers really are a good investment for the elderly’

An act of devoting time, effort, or energy to a particular undertaking with the

expectation of a worthwhile result.’

-The time spent in attending the seminar is an investment in our

professional future

A thing that is worth buying because it may be profitable or useful in the future.

-‘A used car is rarely

a good investment’
Investment refers to the purchasing of securities or other financial assets from
the capital market. It also means buying money market or real properties with
high market liquidity.

1.6 Difficulties pertaining to particular problem

Most people have heard of stocks and bonds, but there are a ton of different
ways to invest your money—mutual funds, CDs, real estate...the list is
seemingly endless. Here's our reference guide to all the different types of
investments and what they mean. You’ll probably come across a handful of
terms associated with your investments. We've listed a few of them below.
These terms generally refer to the actual stuff you're invested in, but, of
course, they have specific definitions, too. They include:

Assets: An owned resource expected to increase in value.

Holdings: The specific assets in your investment portfolio.

Portfolio: Your "portfolio" refers to all of your investments, as a group.

Diversifying your portfolio means investing in a variety of assets.

Asset classes: A group of assets with similar characteristics. Generally, stocks,

bonds and cash.Investopedia breaks up all the different types of investments into
these basic categories: investments you own, lending investments, and cash
equivalents. Here's how different investments compare in each of these three
categories.
Ownership Investment-When you buy an ownership investment, you own that
asset—something that's expected to increase in value. Ownership investments
include:

Stocks: Also known as an equity or a share, a stock gives you a stake in a

company and its profits. Basically, you get partial ownership of a public
company. A large percentage of your portfolio should probably be made up of
stocks.

Real Estate: According to Investopedia, any real estate you buy and then rent
out or resell is an ownership investment (though it can sometimes be classified
as an alternative investment). By their terms, the home you own fulfils a basic
need, so it doesn't fall under this category.

Precious objects: Precious metals, art, collectables, etc. can be considered an

ownership-type of investment if the intention is to resell them for a profit. They
also fall under a separate category, "alternatives." More on that later.

Business: Putting money or time toward starting your own business—a product
or service meant to earn a profit— is another type of ownership investment.

Lending Investments

With lending investments, you buy a debt that's expected to be repaid. You're
sort of like a bank. Generally, these are low-risk, low-reward investments. This
means they're thought to be a safer investment, but their return is usually low.
Bonds: "Bond" is a more umbrella term for any type of debt investment. When
you buy a bond, you loan money to an entity (a corporation or the government,
for example) and they pay you back over a set period of time with a fixed
interest rate. Another big chunk of your portfolio will probably be made up of
bonds.

CDs: A CD, or certificate of deposit, is a promissory note issued by a bank in

exchange for your money. You've probably seen your bank offer these. They're
a type of savings account, but they're a little different. Instead of taking your
money out at any time, you commit to leaving it in the account for a set period.
In return, they'll offer a higher interest rate based on how long you invest in
them.

Savings accounts can also be considered lending investments, if you think about
it. You're giving your money to a bank that loans it out. But your return is
usually pretty low (lower than the inflation rate), so most people don't consider
it a true investment.

TIPS: TIPS are treasury-inflation protected securities. These are bonds backed
by the US Treasury, specifically designed to protect against inflation. When
your TIPS investment matures over time, you'll get your principal and interest
back, both indexed for inflation. Bugleweeds explains how they work in a bit
more detail.

Even if you're up for risk, you should have some lending investments in your
portfolio to balance things out. The SEC has a helpful beginner's guide to
balancing your portfolio.

Cash Equivalents
Generally, a smaller percentage of your portfolio with be made up of cash.
Cash equivalents are investments that are "as good as cash," as Investopedia
puts it. This might be a simple savings account. It might be a money market
fund. A money market fund is really a type of lending investment, but the
return is so low, it's considered to be a cash-equivalent investment.

Alternatives

So we've covered how different investments can generally be categorized as

ownership, lending and cash. Those categories are broad descriptors, but
they're helpful in explaining how different types of investments work.

But investing companies break things down a little differently. They go by asset
class: stocks, bonds, cash and alternatives. We already know about stocks,
bonds and cash—the most traditional ways to invest. In terms of asset class,
alternatives are everything else. Consequently, much less of your portfolio
should be invested in them.

Also, it's easy to categorize some investments alternatives, because they could
actually be considered ownership or lending investments, depending on how
they're bought. But let's take a look at some examples.

REITs: Real Estate Investment Trusts, or REITS, are another way to invest in real
estate. Instead of buying your own property, you work with a company that
earns profit from their own real estate investments.Really, an REIT can be an
ownership investment or a lending investment, depending on what type you
buy. You can buy an REIT that gives you a share in the real estate itself. This
would count as an ownership investment. Investopedia explains. When you
buy a share of a REIT, you are essentially buying a physical asset with a long
expected life span and potential for income through rent and property
appreciation. But you could also invest in the mortgage of the real estate,
which would make it a lending investment.

Venture Capital: This is money you give to a start-up or small business, with
the expectation that it will grow, and you'll get a return on that money. A lot of
times, venture capitalists become partners in the company, owning part of a its
equity and getting a say in business decisions. In this way, they can be thought
of us ownership investments.

Commodities: Investing in a commodity is investing in some sort of resource

that affects the economy. Oil, beef and coffee beans are all different types of
commodities. The contracts you use to buy these goods are called Futures
Contracts, and you have to fill them out through a National Futures Association
broker, Market Watchexplains.

Precious Metals: Like we mentioned earlier, metals and collectables are,

technically, ownership investments. You own the gold you're buying, for
example. But it's not a stock or a bond, so most people refer to it as an
alternative.

Funds-Funds can fall under any of the main categories of investments. They're
not specific investments, but a general term for a group of investments. The
Guardian defines investment funds as:...a pool of money which is professionally
managed to achieve the best possible return for investors. When money is paid
in the manager uses it to buy assets, typically stocks and shares.

Basically, an investment company picks a collection of similar assets for you. It

can be a group of stocks or a group of bonds. Or, the fund can be even more
specific—there are funds made up of all international stocks, for example. In
return for their curating your investments, you'll pay a fee, or an "expense
ratio." But they aim to be a more convenient investment, with picks that
provide a better return than anything you would probably pick on your own.

Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is, basically, another term for investment fund.
To provide a more formal definition, here's how Investopedia explains it:

An investment vehicle that is made up of a pool of funds collected from many

investors for the purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds,
money market instruments and similar assets. Mutual funds are operated by
money managers, who invest the fund's capital and attempt to produce capital
gains and income for the fund's investors. A mutual fund's portfolio is
structured and maintained to match the investment objectives stated in its
prospectus.

Index Funds: A type of mutual fund meant to mirror the return of a specific
market, like the S&P 500. Get Rich Slowly offers a thorough piece on index
funds, and they explain them as:
Index funds are mutual funds, but instead of owning maybe twenty or fifty
stocks, they own the entire market. (Or, if it's an index fund that tracks a
specific portion of the market, they own that portion of the market.) For
example, an index fund like Vanguard's VFINX, which attempts to track the S&P
500 stock-market index, tries to own the stocks in its target index (the S&P
500, in this case) in the same proportions as they exist in the market.
Because they're meant to mirror the market, index funds are
"passively managed", which means there isn't a team of investors
constantly analyzing, forecasting and adjusting the assets in the fund
(known as active management). As a result, they tend to have lower
expense ratios, which means you keep more of your money.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): These are very similar to index funds in that
they're meant to track an index, or a measure of a specific market. The biggest
difference is the way they're traded. ETFs can be traded like stocks, and their
prices adjust like stocks throughout the day. Mutual and index funds don't
work this way. ETF Database further explains:

The biggest difference between these two products is the frequency with
which they are priced and traded. Index mutual funds are, after all, mutual
funds, and as such they are priced once a day after markets close. ETFs–
including both active and passive ETFs–are priced throughout the day, and can
be bought or sold whenever the markets are open.

Hedge Fund: Hedge funds are like mutual funds, with a few very important
differences. First, they're not regulated by the U.S. Security and Exchange
Commission (SEC). They're also considered riskier than regular mutual funds,
because their assets can include a broader range of investments. Also, they
often use borrowed money to invest, as Barclay Hedge explains. To learn more
about hedge funds, check out Investopediafull explanation of them. Keep in
mind, this list is meant to be a reference, rather than a guide to getting started.
Depending on where you're at with investing, many of these may or may not
be on your radar. Most beginning investors will likely find CDs and mutual
funds to be most useful. As you learn more about investing and how to
diversify your portfolio, you might consider REITs or TIPs
 Chapter 2
Research Methodology

Objective of study:

To understand the investment pattern of business women’s.

To study the awareness of women’s about various new investment plans for the
investment.

To examine the impact of risk and returns associated investment w.r.t. women
investors.

To do depth analysis on their financial goals and the investments.

To suggest some remedies to the women investors.

Hypothesis:-

Business women’s invest more money in market.

As income increases the awareness and choice of investment does not increase
proportionately.

Scope of study-

The scope of study is restricted to market

survey conducted on business women investors with respect to the
preference of various investment options while doing their financial
planning.

Limitation of study
This is an academic efforts and it is limited to cost, time and geographic area.

The study is limited to the specific area i.e. dombivli city.

This research is only based on business women’s in dombivli city.

An interpretation of the research is based on the assumption that the respondent is

giving true and fair information about their investment.

Importance/significance of investment-

"The more you sweat in peace time; the less you bleed in the war"What a
quotation! This is applicable for all aspects of your life. If you don't invest
your money and think that there will be no need of money in your contended
life, then one day suddenly you will be in a pathetic situation where you
need money for education or medication of your family member.
Then only you will realize the value of money. But dear friend, it will be too
late to do anything and you will be in a deep trouble then. And you will be
suffering for not investing your money in your life sooner or later. So it is
better to be late than never. Following are few of the many advantages of an
investment in your life.

Financial Independence-First and the foremost thing is an investment gives you

financial freedom. If you invest your money from the beginning, you need not to
worry about the future financial needs. As future is uncertain, and there may be a
situation in your life where you require a large amount of money to get out of that
situation with minimal loss. So to effectively protect yourself from such type of
situation, you must inculcate the habits of saving and investing. It may be because
of your children's education, marriage or medication. Let it be anything which
demands lot of money, you may surpass it if you have invested your money from
the beginning itself. Hence, investment gives you more financial freedom to rely
upon.

Increases Wealth - Besides making you financially independent, investment

makes you rich also. As you invest more and more money for a long time,it
will definitely make you more richer. In the present generation, it is of
utmost importance to be rich as it gives more benefits in each and every
aspect of your life. So investment increase your returns and at the same time
make you wealthy. As you become wealthier, you will have more financial
freedom and vice versa. So wealth is also an important factor of our lifestyle.

Fulfilling Personal Goals - If you have a desire for having a luxurious apartment
and a luxurious car of your own, then it is obvious that these desires may be
fulfilled by a planned investment and savings. As you invest more, you tend to
become richer. And as you become richer, you may find no difficulty in achieving
your personal goal. Achieving personal goals is the essence of your success in
every aspect of your life.

Desires of Family members -It is your social responsibility towards your family
members to look after them. it also includes to take care of their personal desires
also. And you are the first responsible person to fulfill their wishes time to time. So
if you invest carefully and get good returns and become rich by that, you may
easily fulfil all the desires of yourself as well as your family members also. So
investment plays a vital role in satisfying your family member's wishes.
Increases Knowledge-As investment does not mean mere buying and selling only,
and it needs a thorough research in the various aspects of stock market and the
company, it will improve your knowledge. It develops your knowledge in various
fields. Learning more knowledge makes you to err seldom and which in turn make
you a successful investor.

Increases Vision - Vision is not about to see the things happening but it is to see
through the future happenings. For investing, you need a good vision into the
future and should be able to interpret the futuristic phenomenon of a company's
prospective. So good vision fetches you more returns and will contribute to your
success at all the fields. Thus all the above are only few of the many, you should
start investing from now onwards to make yourself more successful in this present
world.
SAMPLE SIZE-

A Sample Design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population.
It refers to the technique to the procedure adopted in selecting items for the
sampling designs.

THE SAMPLE SIZE AND COLLECTION PROCESS

The study is based on a convenience sample of 30 working women (business

women’s) in the city of dombivli. 30 self-administered questionnaires were
administered on the participants and they were briefed about the purpose of the
study, and given enough time to fill out the questionnaire.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

The study was conducted by the means of personal interview with respondents and
the information given by they were directly entered in the questionnaire.
COLLECTION TECHNIQUE:

Primary Data

• Questionnaire method

Secondary Data

• Existing reports

• Books

• Journals and magazines

• Websites

Primary data-

Primary data is collected by using questionnaire and observation.

A) Questionnaire :-Primary data is collected by administering questionnaire to the tax payer i.e.
individual in the area.

B)Observation :- In order to have an unbiased data with regards to all the aspects of the study
the reasearcher prepared an observation schedule pertaining to each and every aspect
contained in the questionnaire.

C)Informal discussion :- The authorities directly and indirectly related with income tax
consultancy services as well as assesses under study are contacted and informal discussions are
held with them.

Secondary data-

For the study purpose the required secondary data is collected by using various published
sources. The data regarding tax collection, number of assesses etc. is collected by various
assesses at dombivli.
 Chapter -3

Literature review

1. Vidyashankar (1990), Agarwal (1992), Gupta (1992) Atmaramani (1996) and

Jambodkar (1996) have conducted extensive research regarding investor
expectations, protection, awareness and fund selection behaviour. Few striking
ones among the other studies are given below.

2. Jambodekar (1996) conducted a study to assess the awareness of mutual funds

among investors, to identify the information sources influencing the buyer decision
and the factors influencing the choice of a particular fund. The study revealed that
income schemes and open-ended schemes are preferred over growth schemes and
close-ended schemes during the prevalent market conditions. Investors look for
safety of principal, liquidity and capital appreciation in order of importance;
newspapers and magazines are the first source of information through which
investors get to know about mutual funds schemes and investor service is the major
differentiating factor in the selection of mutual funds.

3. R. Dixon and R.K. Bhandari (1997) said in their study that consequently
derivative instruments can have a significant impact on financial institutions,
individual investors and even national economies. Using derivatives to hedge
against risk carries in itself a new risk was brought sharply into focus by the
collapse of Barings Bank. There is a clear call for international harmonization and
its recognition by both traders and regulators. There are calls also for a new
international body to be set up to 4. ensure that derivatives, while remaining an
effective tool of risk management, carry a minimum risk to investors, institutions
and national/global economies. Considers the expanding role of banks and
securities houses in the light of their sharp reactions to increases in interest rates
and the effect their presence in the derivatives market may have on market
volatility

5. SyamaSunder (1998) conducted a survey to get an insight into the mutual fund
operations of private institutions with special reference to Kothari Pioneer. The
survey revealed that the awareness about mutual funds concept was poor during
that time in small cities like

6. Vishakapatnam. Agents play a vital role in spreading the mutual funds culture;
open-end schemes were much preferred. Age and income are the two important
determinants in the selection of fund; brand image and return are their prime
considerations. The role of uncertainty and lack of knowledge about return on
investment avenues are important components of any investment.

7. Bajtelsmitet. al. (1996), Hariharanet. al. (2000) concluded that males are more
risk tolerant than females. Abdulla Yameen (2001) delivered massage, investors
will need to be alert to any new development in capital market and take advantage
of the Investor Education and Awareness Campaign program which to be
undertaken by the Capital Market Section to acquaint of the risks and rewards of
investing on the Capital market.Speech was also focused on to create a new breed
of financial intermediaries, which will deal on the market for their clients. These
intermediaries have to be professionals with quite advanced knowledge on stock
exchange operations, techniques, law and companies valuation. Investors depend
to a large extent on their professional advice when investing on the market.
Furthermore, these intermediaries must be men of integrity and honesty as they
would deal with clients‟ money Confidence of investors in these professionals is a
key to the success of the capital market.

8. Alexander et al., (1996) reported that only 18.9 percent of respondents could
provide an estimate of expenses for their largest mutual funds holding. 57 percent
stated that they did not know what the expenses were even at the time they made
the mutual funds purchase. This suggests insensitivity to costs and many investors
do not use funds costs as an evaluative criterion in making investment decisions.

9. National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCEAR) (2000) „Urban

Saving survey‟ noticed that irrespective of occupation followed, educational level
and age attained, households in each group thought saving for the future was
desirable. It was found that desire to make provision for emergencies were a very
important motive for saving for old age. Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) and NCEAR (2000) „Survey of Indian Investors‟ had been report that
safety and liquidity were the primary considerations which determined the choice
of an asset.
10. N.Geetha&DrM.Ramesh. The objectives were to analyse the factor that
influence investment behavior of the people & to study the attitude of the
respondents towards different investment choices. In this study they concluded that
the respondents were medium aware of the available investment choices, but they
were not aware of the stock market, equity & debentures. The study has been
concluded that the income level of the respondents affects the portfolio of the
respondents.

11. Satish (2004) opined that investors from seven major cities in India had a
preference for mutual funds compared to banking and insurance products.
Investors expected moderate return and accepted moderate risk. 60 percent of
investors preferred growth schemes. The image of AMC acted as a major factor in
the choice of schemes. Investors had the same level of confidence towards shares
and mutual funds.

12. Venkateshwarlu (2004) had analysed investors from the twin cities of
Hyderabad and Sikandarabad. Investors preferred to invest in open-end schemes
with growth objectives. Chi-squared value revealed that, the size of income class is
independent of preference Pattern and dependent on the choice of fund floating
institution. Investors perceived that too many restrictions led to the average
performance of mutual funds in India.

13. Kannadhasan (2006) examined the factors that influence the retail investors‟
decision in investing. The decision of the retail investors is based on various
dependent variables viz., gender, age, marital status, educational level, income
level, awareness, preference and risk bearing capacity.

14. Shanmugham (2000) conducted a survey of 201 individual investors to study

the information sourcing by investors, their perception of various investment
strategy dimensions and the factors motivating investment decisions, and reported
that, psychological and sociological factors dominated economic factors in
investment decisions.

14. SEBI-NCAER survey (2000) was carried out to estimate the number of
households and the population of individual investors, their economic and
demographic profile, portfolio size, and investment preference for equity as well as
other savings instruments. This was a unique and comprehensive study of
individual investors, for which data were collected from 300000 geographically
dispersed rural and urban households.

15. Petter (1970) identified those factors which motivated and guided the
investment decisions of the investors. The factors include (i) Income from
dividends (ii) Rapid growth (iii) Purposeful investment as a protective outlet of
savings (iv) Professional investment management.
16. Krishnan ET. al. (2002) analyzed the factors influencing the decisions of
investors who basically used analysts‟ recommendations to arrive at short term
decision to hold or to sell a stock. Merikas et al, (2004) analyzed the factors
influencing Greek investors‟ behavior on the Athens Stock Exchange. The results
indicated that individuals base their stock purchase decision on economic criteria
combined with diverse other variables.

17. Shukla ET. al. (1994) attempted to identify whether portfolio manager‟s
professional education brought out superior performance. They found that equity
mutual funds managed by professionally qualified managers were riskier but better
diversified than the others. Though the performance differences were not
statistically significant, the three professionally qualified fund managers reviewed
outperformed others.

18. Siggelkow (2003) studies the diversification of fund offerings by mutual funds
families. He discovers that funds belonging to more focused fund families
outperform similar funds in more diversified families. However, he finds that
diversification improves the fund family's cash inflow. So he argues that there exist
conflicts of interests between the shareholders and fund family owners in terms of
focusing and diversification.

19. Engstromet. al. (2004) examined Swedish data and found that, in mutual funds,
the management fees have a stronger impact on selection decision of mutual funds,
in that they avoid high-fee funds. Furthermore, they document evidence to suggest
that indirect costs, due to unfamiliarity, matters when investor choose funds. With
respect to load structure Wilcox (2003) found that investors appear to be more
sensitive to load charges than to expense ratios

20. Krishnamoorthy.C.(2008).in his study has analyzed the profile and awareness
of salaried class investors and their attitude and satisfaction towards investment. In
has been concluded that all salaried people were aware of bank deposits, PF
schemes, insurance schemes, post office savings schemes, gold and however only
few were aware 0f UTI.

21. Nasir and Khalid (2004) assessed behavior of saving and investment in
Pakistan using appropriate econometric and statistical technique and attempted to
generate a model on the basis of fundamental theories of saving and investment.
They used data from 1971 to 2003, collected from Economic Survey of Pakistan.
Ordinary Least Square Method was used as an estimation technique. The study
concluded that Government Expenditures, Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product
and Remittances Growth were positively and significantly influencing National
Savings. Lewis A Sanders (2004) believes that people, irrespective of their
location, have their own bias and react differently when investing in financial
assets

22. Sheng-Hung Chen and Chun-Hung Tsai (2010) wanted to identifying key
factors influencing individual investor‟s decision to make portfolio choices is of
importance to understand their heterogeneous investment behavior. Through
conjoint analysis examine how individual investors derive their preferences for
financial assets. Study stated female investors tend to be more detail oriented; elder
is more likely to have low level of risk tolerance; the level of education is thought
to impact on a person‟s ability to accept risk; increasing income level of individual
investor is associated with increased levels of risk tolerance. At last they argued
single investors are more risk tolerance than married investors.

23. Shyan-Rong Chou, Gow-Liang Huang and Hui-Lin Hsu (2010) expressed that
faced with the series of financial events leading to the current turmoil, unpleasant
investor experience has become common and personal experiences and reports of
such are demonstrated in risk and attitudes to risk. The paper showed that investors
are able to choose an investment with potential risk and returns to suit their own
preferences. Products of lower potential profit are tolerated when the risk
associated with those products is similarly low. In their study they found that
attitude to risk is very similar for both the genders. The study shows most stock
trading is transacted by individual rather than institutional investors, therefore the
capital gains and losses from stock price fluctuations are felt first-hand by
individual investors.

24. Rao, D.N.& Rao, S.B, (2010) carried out a study, on the investment patterns of
the five investor groups in eight different fund categories; studied the portfolios of
the investor groups and identified the dominant investor groups as per investment
size and folios. Important findings are (a) Corporates are the dominant investor
group with a share of almost 48% of the total investment (AUM) in the industry
and prefer non-equity funds which offer high security & liquidity while the next
dominant investor group was the Retail investors’ group with 24% of the total
investment.

25. Tarak Paul, (2012), assesses the Gap between Expectations and Experiences of
Mutual Fund of around 260 Investors in Guwahati city and has found out that there
is a significant gap between the mutual fund investors’ expectations and
experiences.

26. Sarish, (2012) studied mutual funds and the benefits of investing in mutual
fund, its drawbacks and have done detailed study on various aspects of mutual
fund. This paper aims at exploring the potential of mutual funds in India with all
problems, complexities and variables, and suggesting the means and ways of
meeting the challenges for developing the mutual funds in tandem with its
potential of economic growth. This study relied on secondary data in order to
identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities for mutual funds.

27. Bansal and Kumar,( 2012) attempted to study the performance of selected
mutual funds schemes based on risk-return relationship models, and return on
mutual funds also compared with return on equity shares of different sectors of
Indian economy. The analysis has been made on the basis of mean return,
intercept, beta, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Jensen Alpha. The overall Analysis
finds UTI schemes being best performers and others showing below average
performance.

28. Bhaskar Biswas, (2013), investigated out performance and under performance
of diversified funds. It involved studying the performance of some ten best and ten
worst performing diversified equity mutual funds for the period of last three years
(2009 -2012). In this paper of selected diversified equity funds have been analyzed
by analyzing their arithmetic mean return, risk can be analyzed by standard
deviation , beta measures market sensitivity, alpha measures the risk return
relationship and Sharpe ratio measures the risk premium of portfolio.

29. Alekhya, (2012), studied performance evaluation of Public & Private Sector
Mutual Funds in India and comparative performance of public and private sector
mutual fund schemes the Indian Mutual fund Industry has witnessed a structural
transformation during the past few years. This paper has evaluated the performance
of Indian Mutual fund equity scheme of 3 years past data from 2009 to 2011. To
appraise investment performance of mutual funds with risk adjustment the
theoretical parameters as suggested by Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen.

30. Dhanda, Batra and Anjum, (2012). Attempted to study the performance
evaluation of selected open ended schemes in terms of risk and return relationship.
For this rate of return method, Beta, Standard Deviation, Sharpe and Treynor ratio
has been used.BSE-30 has been used as a benchmark to study the performance of
mutual funds in India. The findings of the study reveal that only three schemes
have performed better.

31. Soongswang and Sanohdontree, (2012) in their study examine the

performances of 138 open-ended equity mutual funds managed by the seventeen
asset management companies in Thailand during the period 2002-2007. Several
different investment horizons of fund performances were analyzed using various
evaluation methods: the Treynor ratio, Sharpe ratio, Jensen’s alpha and Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. Findings show that performances of the
funds measured by the first three methods, which are based on risk and return,
significantly out-perform the market for all time periods of investment.

32. Vasantha, Maheswari and Subashini,(2013) evaluated the Performance of some

selected open ended equity diversified Mutual funds and studied HDFC top 200
fund, Reliance top 200,ICICI Prudential top 200, CanaraRobeco equity diversified
fund, Birla Sun Life frontline equity mutual funds over the period of 60 months
data. The analysis has been made on the basis of Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and
Jenson .

33. Bansal, Garg and Saini, (2012), This paper examines the performance of
selected mutual fund schemes, that the risk profile of the aggregate mutual fund
universe can be accurately compared by a simple market index that offers
comparative monthly liquidity, returns, systematic & unsystematic risk and
complete fund analysis by using the special reference of Sharpe &Treynor’s ratio.

34. K. Ravichandran (2007) argued the younger generation investors are willing to
invest in capital market instruments and that too very highly in Derivatives
segment. Even though the knowledge to the investors in the Derivative segment is
not adequate, they tend to take decisions with the help of the brokers or through
their friends and were trying to invest in this market. He also argued majority the
investors want to invest in short-term funds instead of long-term funds that prefer
wealth maximization instruments followed by steady growth instruments.
Empirical study also shows that market risk and credit risk are the two major risks
perceived by the investors, and for minimizing that risk they take the help of
newspaper and financial experts. Derivatives acts as a major tool for reducing the
risk involved in investing in stock markets for getting the best results out of it. The
investors should be aware of the various hedging and speculation strategies, which
can be used for reducing their risk. Awareness about the various uses of
derivatives can help investors to reduce risk and increase profits. Though the stock
market is subjected to high risk, by using derivatives the loss can be minimized to
an extent.

35. Poornima&Sudhamathi, (2013) In this research paper an attempt is made to

analyze about the performance of the growth oriented equity diversified schemes
by using Sortino ratio. 102 growth oriented equity diversified schemes which were
performing during the period April 2006 to March 2011 were selected for the
study. This research paper clearly reveals the fact that careful evaluation using
appropriate performance measure will lead the investor in selecting the best funds.

36. Goel, Sharma and Mani, (2012) investigated the performance related
characteristics of open ended mutual funds. For the purpose of performance
evaluation, risk adjusted performance, asset size and expense ratio of the mutual

37. Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd. (2002) surveyed on derivatives retail
investors, and argued first based on empirical evidence that years of trading
experience and usual deal size have a positive correlation. Second, Male investors
traded to trade more frequently than female investors. Third, the usual deal size of
investor with higher personal income traded to be larger. Fourth majority of
respondents are motivated by their stock trading experience to start derivatives
trading. Fifth, trading for profit is the key reason for derivatives trading other than
high rate of return, hedging, etc. Sixth, the most significant motivating factors are
more liquid market and more transparent market. Seventh, majority of traders are
infrequent in trade- 3 times or less in a month and Index futures is the most popular
product to trade most frequently. Ninth, a large proportion of the investors invest in
exchange cash products than derivatives or investment avenues.

38. Through empirical evidence form investor‟s opinion, study argued that the
liquidity of derivatives products other than futures is low. High transaction costs or
margin requirement is the barrier for active participation in derivatives market. But
also shows that more active traders do not have much complaint towards
transaction costs and margin requirement.

39. Loomba (2011) evaluates the performance and growth of Indian mutual funds
vis-à-vis the Indian equity market. The overall analysis finds that Nifty returns
outperformed Franklin Templeton Large Cap Equity Scheme returns. Kruskal
Wallis H-test was applied to know whether the returns significantly differ or not
and the results indicated that the returns of schemes don’t differ significantly.

40. Jain and Gangopadhyay, (2012) analysis of Equity Based Mutual Funds in
India attempted to analyze the performance of equity based mutual funds. The
analysis has been made using the risk-return relationship and Capital Asset Pricing
Model (CAPM). The overall analysis finds that HDFC and ICICI have been the
best performers, UTI an average performer and LIC the worst performer which
gave below- expected returns on the risk-return relationship.The research till now
focuses on evaluation of performance of various mutual funds scheme, however
this research along with performance evaluation also aims to study investment
pattern of various investor groups as well as determine if a relationship exists
between investment pattern and performance of funds.

41. P. M. Deleep Kumar and G. Raju (2001) showed that the capital market is
becoming more and more risky and complex in nature so that ordinary investors
are unable to keep track of its movement and direction. The study revealed that the
Indian market is probably more volatile than developed country markets, which is
probably why a much higher proportion of savings in developed countries go into
equities. More than half of individual shareowners in India belonged to just five
cities. The distribution of share ownership by States and Union Territories show
that just five States accounted for 74.7 per cent of the country’s share ownership
population and 71.7 per cent of the aggregate value of the shareholdings of
individuals in India. Among the five States Maharashtra tops the list with Gujarat
as a distant second followed by West Bengal, Delhi and Tamil Nadu. In the
midpoint of the study also argued that introduction of derivatives is the first step to
hedge the risk of unfavourable movement in the market. This will also lower
transaction cost and provides depth and liquidity to the market.
 Chapter-4 data analysis and interpretation
This chapter consist of analysis of collected data and its interpretation.

The study was conducted by the means of personal interview with respondents and
the information given by they were directly entered in the questionnaire. The data
is collected will be taken into excel and the data will calculated and analysed by
SSPS software.

 Age of women respondent:

Row Labels Count of Age of women’s

20-30 20
30-40 7
40-50 3
Grand Total 30

From the 30 respondent 20 women’s are 20-30 And 7 women’s are 30-40 and 3
are 40-50 .
 Age of womens

10%
20-30
23% 30-40
40-50
67%

Out of 30 respondent 20 respondent women’s are from 20-30 age group. 7

respondent from 30-40 age group and 3 women’s respondent from 40-50 age
group.
  Marital status of women’s

From the 30 respondent 25 women’s are married And 5 women’s are not married.

marital status of women

17%
married

un-married
83%

From the analysis 83% of women’s are married, and only 17% are not married.
 Annual income of women’s:

Row Labels Count of annual income of women’s

10.0 L above 3
2.5-5.0 L 13
5.0-7.5 L 11
7.5-10.0L 3
Grand Total 30
From the 30 responded 3 are from the 10 lakhs above group, 13 are from 2.5-5.0
lakhs group, 11 are from 5.0-7.5 lakhs group and 3 from 7.5-10 lakhs group of the
income.

annual income of women

10% 10%
10.0 L above
2.5-5.0 L
37% 5.0-7.5 L
43%
7.5-10.0L

There are major part of respondent are from the 2.5-5.0 lakhs group of income.
37% of respondent are from 5.0-7.5 income group. 10% of respondent are from 10
lakhs above and 7.5-10 Lakhs of the income.
 Qualification of women’s:

Row Labels Count of qualification

graduate 15
other 2
post graduate 11
under graduate 2
Grand Total 30

There are total 30 respondent out of them 15 women’s are graduate, 11 women’s
are post-graduate, 2 woman’s are under graduate and 2 are having other
educational qualification.

education qualification of womens

7% graduate
other
36% 50%
post graduate

7% under graduate

From the above die gram 50% of women’s are graduate, 36% of women’s are post
graduate, 7% are under graduate and 7% are from other educational qualification.
 Business scale of the women’s:

Row Labels Count of business scale(size)

large scale 5
medium scale 12
small scale 13
Grand Total 30

13 women’s are having small scale business, 12 women’s have medium scale
business, and only 5 women’s have large scale business.

Business scale of womens

17%
large scale
43%
medium scale

40% small scale

43% women’s have small scale business, 40% women’s are from medium scale
business. And only 17% women’s are having large scale business.
 Total investment of women’s out of their income

Count of total investment of

Row Labels women
10%-15% 3
15%-20% 15
2O%-25% 11
Above 30% 1
Grand Total 30

15 women’s are invest 15-20% of their income, 3 women’s are investment 10-15%
out of the income, 11 women’s invest 20-25% out of their income, and only 1
women invest above30%.

Total investment of women out of income

3% 10% 10%-15%
15%-20%
37% 2O%-25%
ABOVE 30%
50%

50% of the women’s are invest 15-20% of their investment, 37% of women’s
invest 20-25% of their investment, 10% of women’s 10-15% out of income, and
only 3% of women’s invest more than 30%.
 Investment plan of women’s:

Row Labels Count of investment plan

half yearly 7
Monthly 2
quarterly 2
yearly 19
Grand Total 30

There are 19 women’s are invest their money in yearly pattern, 7 half-yearly,
2womens invest monthly and 2 are quarterly.

investment plan (present)

half yearly
23%
Monthly
7% quarterly
63% 7%
yearly

There are 67% women’s are invest their money in yearly pattern, 23% women’s
invest half-yearly, 7% women’s invest monthly and 7% woman’s are invest
quarterly.
 Investment decision of women’s taken by whom?

Row Labels Count of investment decision

advisor 7
family members 4
friends 8
yourself 11
Grand Total 30

Out of 30 respondent 11 respondent are taken their decisions at own.7 women’s are
take decision by advisor, 4 women’s are taken advise from family members, and 8
women’s are take decision by friends.

investment decision of womens

23%
advisor
37%
family members
13%
friends
27%
yourself

Out of respondent 37% are taken their decisions at own.23% women’s are take
decision by advisor, 13% women’s are taken advise from family members, and
27% women’s are take decision by friends.
 Duration of investment of women’s:

Count of duration of investment

Row Labels (present )
long term 7
medium term 11
short term 12
Grand Total 30

There are 12 women’s are invest in short term funds. 11 women’s are invest in
medium funds. And only 7 women’s are invest in ling term funds.

investment duration of womens(present plan)

23%
40% long term
medium term
short term
37%

There are 40% women’s are invest in short term funds. 37% women’s are invest in
medium funds. And only 23% women’s are invest in long term funds.
 duration for future investment plan:

Count of duration for future investment

Row Labels plan
long term 13
medium
term 10
short term 7
Grand Total 30

In future 13 women’s wants to invest in long term funds. 10 women’s wants to

invest in medium term investment. And 7 women’s invest in short term investment .

duration for future investment plan

23%
long term
44%
medium term

33% short term

In future 44% women’s wants to invest in long term investments. 33% women’s
wants to invest in medium term investment. And only 23% women’s invest in
short term investment
 investment motive of women’s:

Row Labels Count of Investment motive

future needs 13
other 3
returns 8
tax saving 6
Grand Total 30

13 women’s are invest their money for the future needs, 3 are for other purpose, 8
for returns on investment, and 6 women’s are investment for tax saving.

Investment motivr of womens

20%
future needs
43%
other

27% returns

10% tax saving

Out of total respondent 43% women’s are invest their money for the future needs,
10% women’s are for other purpose, 27% for returns on investment, and 20%
women’s are invest their money for tax saving.

 factor consider by women’s before investment:

Count of factor consider before

Row Labels investment
high returns 7
less risk 7
maturity period 6
safety of principal 10
Grand Total 30

Out of 30 respondent 7 women’s are ready to take high risk, 7 women’s are not
take risk, 6 women’s are take consideration i.e. maturity period, 10 see the safety
of principal.
 factor consider before investment

23% high returns

34%
less risk
maturity period
23% safety of principal
20%

23% women’s are ready to take high risk, 23% women’s are not take risk, 20%
women’s are take consideration i.e. maturity period, more than 30% women’s see
the safety of principal.
 Risk taken by women’s

Row Labels Count of risk taker

no 24
yes 6
Grand Total 30

There are only 6 women’s are ready to risk, and 24womens are not ready to take
risk.

Risk taking by womens

20%
no

yes
80%

There are only 20% women’s are ready to risk, and 80% women’s are not ready to
take risk.
 Suffer loss in previous investment plan

Row Count of suffer losses in previous

Labels investment
no 23
yes 7
Grand
Total 30

There are only 7 women’s who bearded loss in their previous investment. And 23
women’s are not bearded any losses in their investments.

suffer losses ino previous investment

23%

no
77% yes

There are only 23% women’s who bearded loss in their previous investment. And
77% women’s are not bearded any losses in their investments.
 Which of the following you refer the most

Row Labels Count of which of the following refer

high risk-high returns 8

low risk-low returns 22

Grand Total 30

There are only 8 women’s who choose the high risk-high returns option, there are
majority of women’s i.e.22 are happy with low risk-low returns.

which of the following refer by womens

27% high risk-high

returns

low risk-low
73% returns

There are only 27% of total women’s who choose the high risk-high returns option,
there are majority of women’s i.e. 73% are happy with low risk-low returns.
  Transactions that women’s refer from

Row Labels Count of transactions you do from

offline transactions 12

online transactions 18

Grand Total 30

There are 18 women’s are refer the online or digital transactions and 12 women’s
are not using digital they preferoffline transactions.

transactions yo do from

40% offline
transactions
60%
online
transactions

There are majority of women’s 60% are refer the online or digital transactions and
only 40% of total respondent women’s are not using digital they prefer offline
transactions.
 How it will help to women’s

Row Labels Count of how IT help you

factor processing 9
good quality service 5
low cost 6
more information 10
Grand Total 30

According to 9 women’s IT help them for faster processing, According to 5

women’s IT help them for good quality service, According to 6 women’s IT help
them for lower cost,According to 10 women’s IT help them for more information.

how IT help to womens

30%
fastor processing
33%
good quality service
low cost
17%
20% more information

According to 30% of women’s IT help them for faster processing, According to

17% women’s IT help them for good quality service, According to 20% women’s
IT help them for lower cost,According to 33% women’s IT help them for more
information.
 If the risk is high do you invest for more returns?

Row Labels Count of risk is high do you invest

no 18

yes 12

Grand Total 30

There are only12 women’s who are ready to take risk for the returns from high
risk, majority of women 18 that are not ready for taking high risk .

Count of risk is high do you invest

40% no
60% yes

There are only40% of women’s who are ready to take risk for the returns from high

Risk, majority of women i.e. 60% that are not ready for taking high risk.
 investment of women’s in fixed deposits :

Row Labels Count of do you invest in fixed deposit

no 11

yes 19

Grand Total 30

19 women’s are invest their money in fixed deposits and 11 women’s never invest
their money in fixed deposit.

Fixed deposit is good investment

7%

no
yes
93%

From all the respondent 93% of business women’s are invest their money in fixed
deposits at various banks and 7% women’s never invest their money in fixed
deposit
 investment of women’s in recurring deposits :

Row Labels Count of do you invest in recurring deposit

no 10
yes 20
Grand Total 30

20 women’s are invest their money in recurring deposits and 1o women’s never
invest their money in recurring deposit.

Do you invest in recurring deposit

7%
no
yes
93%

From all the respondent 93% of business women’s are invest their money in
recurring deposits at various banks and 7%women’s never invest their money in
recurring deposit
 Investment of womens’s in pst office scheme:

Row Labels
Count of do you invest in post office scheme
no 14
yes 16
Grand Total 30

16 women’s are invest their money in post office scheme and 14 women’s never
invest their money in post office scheme.

Do you invest in post office scheme

7%

no
yes
93%

From all the respondent 93% of business women’s are invest their money in post
office scheme. And 7%women’s never invest their money inpost office scheme.
 investment of women’s in gold:

Row Labels Count of do you invest in gold

no 2
yes 28
Grand Total 30

28 women’s are invest their money in gold and only 2 women’s never invest their
money in gold.

Do you invest in gold

7% no

yes

93%

From all the respondent 93% of business women’s are invest their money in gold.
And 7% women’s never invest their money ingold.
 % investment of women’s in gold out of total income:

Count of how many investment in

Row Labels gold
0%-5% 9
10%-15% 7
15% above 4
5%-10% 10
Grand
Total 30

There are 9 women’s who invest 0-5% in gold, 10 women’s who invest 5-10% in
gold, 7 women’s who invest 10-15% in gold,and 4 women’sinvest more than 15%
in gold.

how many investment in gold

out of income

0%-5%
34% 30%
10%-15%
15% above

13% 5%-10%
23%
There are 30% women’s who invest 0-5% in gold, 34% women’s who invest 5-
10% in gold, 23% women’s who invest 10-15% in gold, and only 13% women’s
invest more than 15% in gold.
 investment of women’s in shares:

Row Labels Count of do you invest in shares

no 12
yes 18
Grand Total 30

18 women’s are invest their money in shares and only 12 women’s never invest
their money in shares.

do you invest in shares

27%
no
yes
73%

From all the respondent 73% of business women’s are invest their money in share,
and 27% women’s never invest their money inshares.
 investment of women’s in debt securities:

Row Labels Count of do you invest in debt securities

no 22

yes 8

Grand Total 30

8 women’s are invest their money in debt securities and only 22 women’s never
invest their money in debt securities.

do you invest in debt securities

27%
no
yes
73%

From all the respondent only 27% of business women’s are invest their money in
debt securities. And 73% women’s never invest their money in debt securities.
 investment of women’s in mutual funds:

Count of do you invest in

Row Labels mutual funds
no 5
yes 25
Grand Total 30

Only 5 women’s are not invest their money in mutual funds, 25 women’sare invest
in mutual funds.

do you invest in mutual funds

27%
no
yes

73%

Only 27% of total respondent women’s are not invest their money in mutual funds,
more than 70% i.e. 73% women’s are invest in mutual funds.
 investment of women’s in govt. securities:

Count of do you invest in govt.

Row Labels securities
no 23
yes 7
Grand Total 30

There are 23 women’s who cannot invest in government securities, and only 7
women’s are invest their money in government securities.

do you invest in govt. securities

27%
no
yes
73%

There are 73% of total responded women’s who cannot invest in government
securities, and only 27% women’s are invest their money in government securities.
 investment of women’s in real estate :

Row Labels Count of do you invest in real estate

no 22

yes 8

Grand Total 30

There are majority of women’s i.e. 22 who cannot invest real estate, and only 8
women’s are invest their money in real estate.

do you invest in real estate

27%

no
yes
73%

There are majority of women’s i.e. 73% who cannot invest real estate, and only
27% women’s are invest their money in real estate.
 Investment of women’s in tax free bonds:

Count of do you invest in tax free

Row Labels bonds

no 22

yes 8
Grand Total 30

There are 22 women’s are not invest in tax free bond, only 8 women’s are invest in
tax free bonds.

Do you invest in tax free bonds

7%

no
yes
93%

There are more than 90% i.e. 93 of women’s are not invest in tax free bond, only
7% women’s are invest in tax free bonds.
 investment of women’s in foreign securities:

Count of do you invest in foreign

Row Labels securities
no 28
yes 2
Grand
Total 30

Out of 30 respondent 28 women’s are not invest in the foreign securities and only 2
women’s are invest in the foreign securities.

Do you invest in foreign securities

7%

no
yes

93%

Out of all respondent 93% women’s are not invest in the foreign securities and
only 7% women’s are invest in the foreign securities.
 Sector on which women’s trust more

Row Labels Count of sector you trust more

foreign sector 3
private sector 4
public sector 23
Grand Total 30

There are majority of women’s are trust on public sector i.e. 23 women’s, 4
women’s trust on private sector, and only 3 women’s are trust on foreign sector.

which sector womens trust more

10%
13% foreign sector
private sector
public sector
77%

There are majority of women’s are trust on public sector i.e. 77% women’s, only
13% women’s trust on private sector, and 10% women’s out of total respondent are
trust on foreign sector.
 present growth rate of businesswomen’s

Row Labels Count of what is your present growth rate

AVG rate 11

high rate 4

low rate 15

Grand Total 30

The present growth rate of 11 women’s are average, 4 women’s have high growth
rate, 15 women’s have low growth rate.

what is your present growth rate

37% AVG rate

50% high rate
low rate
13%

The present growth rate of 37% women’s are average, 4only 13% of women’s
have high growth rate, 50% women’s have low growth rate in their present
investment plan.
 growth rate expectation in future

Count of growth rate

Row Labels expectation in future
increased by 10% 17
increased by 5% 3
increased by more than
10% 10
Grand Total 30

17 women’s expect growth rate is increased by 10%, 3 women’s expect growth

rate is increased by 5%, 10 women’s expect growth rate is increased more than
10%.

growth rate expectation in future

increased by 10%
33%

57% increased by 5%

10%
incresed by more than
10%

57% Women’s expect growth rate is increased by 10%, 10% women’s expect
growth rate is increased by 5%, 33% women’s expect growth rate is increased
more than 10%.
 do you satisfy with current investment:

Row Labels Count of do you satisfy with current investment

no 19
yes 11
Grand Total 30

Out of total respondents 19 women’s are not satisfy with their recent investment
plan, and 11 women’s are satisfy with their recent investment plans.

do you satisfy with current investment

13%
no

yes
87%

Out of total respondents 13% women’s are not satisfy with their recent investment
plan, and 87% women’s are satisfy with their recent investment plans and they
don’t want to change the plan.
  do you change your investment plan in future:

Count of do you change your investment plan in

Row Labels future

no 4

yes 26

Grand Total 30

Theirs are 4 women’s who said no i.e. they don’t want to change their investment
plan and 26 women’s wants to change recent investment plans.

do you change investment plan in future

13%

no
yes

87%

There are only 13% women’s who said no i.e. they don’t want to change their
recent investment plan and 87%women’s wants to change recent investment plans
and switch to other plans.
 Chapter-5

Finding of study Interpretation and Presentation

50% of women’s are graduate, 36% of women’s are post graduate, 7% are

under graduate and 7% are from other educational qualification.

43% women’s have small scale business, 40% women’s are from medium

scale business. And only 17% women’s are having large scale business.

50% of the women’s are invest 15-20% of their income, 37% of women’s

invest 20-25% of their income 10% of women’s 10-15% out of income, and

only 3% of women’s invest more than 30%.

There are 67% women’s are invest their money in yearly pattern, 23%

women’s invest half-yearly, 7% women’s invest monthly and 7% woman’s

are invest quarterly.

13% women’s are not satisfy with their recent investment plan, and 87%

women’s are satisfy with their recent investment plans and they don’t want to

change the plan.

37% are taken their decisions at own.23% women’s are take decision by

advisor, 13% women’s are taken advise from family members, and 27%

women’s are take decision by friends.

40% women’s are invest in short term funds. 37% women’s are invest in

medium funds. And only 23% women’s are invest in long term funds.

44% women’s wants to invest in long term investments. 33% women’s wants

to invest in medium term investment. And only 23% women’s invest in short

term investment

43% women’s are invest their money for the future needs, 10% women’s are

for other purpose, 27% for returns on investment, and 20% women’s are

invest their money for tax saving.

Respondent 93% of business women’s are invest their money in fixed

deposits at various banks and 7% women’s never invest their money in fixed

deposit.

93% of business women’s are invest their money in recurring deposits at

various banks and 7%women’s never invest their money in recurring deposit.
93% of business women’s are invest their money in post office scheme. And

7%women’s never invest their money in post office scheme.

93% of business women’s are invest their money in gold. And 7% women’s

never invest their money in gold.

73% of business women’s are invest their money in share, and 27% women’s

never invest their money in shares. Only 27% of business women’s are invest

their money in debt securities. And 73% women’s never invest their money

in debt securities.

13% women’s who said no i.e. they don’t want to change their recent

investment plan and 87% women’s wants to change recent investment plans

and switch to other plans

 Conclusion

Women invest very less percentage of their income, and some are not aware

about all investment options.

Majority Women’s are not taking any kind of risk in their investment, very

few are risk taker.

Most of the women’s save their money for family needs and circumstances,

not for the get benefit of returns.

Women’s are only focused on safety of principal not all the returns.

Majority of women’s are not take their investment decision at own, their

decision are taken by friends, advisor and family member.

If returns are high and risk also women’s are not ready to invest, they

believed on low return- low risk.

Majority of women’s invest in FD, recurring deposits, mutual funds, and

other investment avenues.

Very few women’s are invest in equity securities and debt securities.

Majority women’s aware about public sector/ govt sector. But very few trust

to private sector and women’s are not aware about foreign sector.

Women’s are focused on short term and medium term investment not on long

term investment avenues.

Many of women’s are not satisfy with current investment plan and they want

to switched their recent plan into some another plan.

 Suggestion

1. Women’s should invest more in market and take risk for better results/

returns.

2. Women’s should get more information about long term investment

avenues, not only on short and medium term.

3. Women’s must know all the investment policies issued by government

of India for women development.

4. Women’s should more encourage for more saving and netter standard

of life.

5. There is a rapid growth in the increase in the number of working

women of middle class families, which leads to their financial

independence. Hence, effort should be made to attract women investors

by providing right information and knowledge about various

investment avenues through advertisement / counselling.

6. At national level there is a need to initiate steps to inculcate the right

saving habit among the growing middle class working women.

7. People will be interested if government takes any initiative in

encouraging more savings by giving lucrative benefits on savings.

8. Women’s should aware about more investment avenues and get more

information for better investment pattern.

9. Women’s get more knowledge and information about new technology

and get more ideas about investment.

10.Many women’s used offline transactions and very few are aware about
online usage. So women’s should take initiative for getting more
knowledge about this, and government should provide some demo,
seminar, workshops for the online transactions.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.investmentplan.com

www.investmentplanworkingwomes.com

Books

1) Financial management
2) Investment Plan

QUESTIONNAIRE
 PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING WORKING WOMAN

PART A

1. NAME:

2. ADDRESS

3. Age of women respondent:

20-25  25-30 

30-40  40-50 

4. Marital status of women’s:

Married Unmarried 

5. Annual income of women’s:

1.5-2.5 lac  2.5-5 lac 

5-10 lac  10-25 lac 

6. OCCUPATION :

SERVICE.  BUSINESS.  SELF EMPLOYED 

7. Qualification of women’s:
Graduate  Post-Graduate 

Under Graduate  Other 

 PART B

1. Business scale of the women’s:

Large scale  Medium scale  Small scale 

2. Total investment of women’s out of their income:

10%-15%  15%-20% 

20%-30%  30%-above 

3. Investment plan of women’s:

Monthly Quarterly 

Half Yearly Yearly

4. Investment decision of women’s taken by whom?

Advisor  family member 

Friends  Yours self 

5. Duration of investment of women’s:

Long Term  Short Term  Medium Term 

6. duration for future investment plan:

 Long Term  Short Term  Medium Term 

7. investment motive of women’s:

Future need  Returns 

Tax saving  Other 

8. factor consider by women’s before investment:

High Return less Risk 

Maturity Period  Safety of Principal 

9. Risk taken by women’s:

Yes  No 

10.Suffer loss in previous investment plan:

Yes  No 

11. Which of the following you refer the most:

High risk-high returns  Low risk-low return 

12. Transactions that women’s refer from:

Offline Transaction  online transaction 

13.How it will help to women’s:
Factor Processing  Good quality service 

Low cost  More Information 

14.If the risk is high do you invest for more returns?

Yes  No 

15.investment of women’s in fixed deposits :

Yes  No 

16.investment of women’s in recurring deposits :

Yes  No 

17.investment of women’s in post office scheme:

Yes  No 

18.What are the other income sources?

Rent  Agriculture 

Other source 

19.investment of women’s in gold:

Yes  No 

20.% investment of women’s in gold out of total income:

0%-5%  5%-10% 
 10%-15%  15% 

21.investment of women’s in shares:

Yes  No 

22.investment of women’s in debt securities:

Yes  No 

23.investment of women’s in mutual funds:

Yes  No 

24.investment of women’s in govt. securities:

Yes  No 

25.investment of women’s in real estate :

Yes  No 

26.Investment of women’s in tax free bonds:

Yes  No 

27.investment of women’s in foreign securities:

 Yes  No 

28.Sector on which women’s trust more:

Foreign sector  Private sector  Public sector 

29. present growth rate of businesswomen’s:

AVG Rate  High rate  Low rate 

30. growth rate expectation in future:

10 % Increased by 10% 

Increased by 5% Increased by more than 

31. do you satisfy with current investment:

Yes  No 

32.do you change your investment plan in future:

Yes  No 